伴生放射性矿分类管控技术指标体系的研究
|
摘要
针对目前伴生矿开发利用中的放射性环境管理体系不完善、管理评价标准不统一等问题,以氡及其子体浓度、放射性粉尘等因素产生的内外照射和以γ辐射剂量率产生的外照射为考虑对象,从而提出以氡及其子体浓度、放射性粉尘核素含量及γ辐射剂量率限值作为参数对辐射水平管控指标进行分类,针对采用豁免管理、不加限制、加以限制、禁止开采4类情况加以讨论,进而得出其相应情况下的分类管控指标的表达式。通过对伴生放射性矿的辐射水平管控指标下相应参数的研究,对了解环境污染现状、制定相应的管控措施、规范伴生放射性矿的开发利用并促进其健康发展有着较为重要的作用,可为后期制定较为科学合理并具有实用价值的管理制度、评价标准等提供理论依据。
According to the imperfect unclear radioactive environmental management system in the development and uniformity standards in management evaluation of associated minerals,etc. In the development and application of mine associated with radionuclides,taking the internal and external irradiation caused by the concentration of radon and its daughters,radioactive dust and the external irradiation caused by the rate of gamma radiation dose as the consideration object,it was proposed that using the concentration of radon and its daughters,radioactive dust and the external irradiation caused by the rate of gamma radiation dose as the parameters to classify the radiation level control indicators. Four circumstances were studied seperatively,including exempted supervision,unrestricted exploitation,restricted exploitation and prohibited exploitation for mine supervision,and the expression of classification control index under corresponding circumstances was obtained. By studying the corresponding parameters of radiation level control index of mines associated with radionuclides,it can play an important role in standardizing the development and utilization of mines associated with radionuclides and promoting their healthy development. It also provides a theoretical basis for formulating a more scientific and reasonable management system and evaluation criteria with practical value in the later period.
According to the imperfect unclear radioactive environmental management system in the development and uniformity standards in management evaluation of associated minerals,etc. In the development and application of mine associated with radionuclides,taking the internal and external irradiation caused by the concentration of radon and its daughters,radioactive dust and the external irradiation caused by the rate of gamma radiation dose as the consideration object,it was proposed that using the concentration of radon and its daughters,radioactive dust and the external irradiation caused by the rate of gamma radiation dose as the parameters to classify the radiation level control indicators. Four circumstances were studied seperatively,including exempted supervision,unrestricted exploitation,restricted exploitation and prohibited exploitation for mine supervision,and the expression of classification control index under corresponding circumstances was obtained. By studying the corresponding parameters of radiation level control index of mines associated with radionuclides,it can play an important role in standardizing the development and utilization of mines associated with radionuclides and promoting their healthy development. It also provides a theoretical basis for formulating a more scientific and reasonable management system and evaluation criteria with practical value in the later period.
引文
[1]陈志东,林清,邓飞,等.广东省伴生放射性矿资源利用过程辐射水平调查[J].辐射防护通讯,2002,22(5):29-33.Chen Zhidong,Lin Qing,Deng Fei,at al. Investigation of radiation levels in mines associated with radioactivity in Guangdong Province[J]. Radiation Protection Communications,2002,22(5):29-32.
[2]商照荣,梁干庄.人及动植物的辐射剂量评价模式[J].辐射防护通讯,2000(Z1):83-87.Shang Zhaorong,Liang Ganzhuang. Radiation dose assessment model for humans and animals[J]. Radiation Protection Communications,2000(Z1):83-87.
[3]中华人民共和国家环保局.放射环境管理办法[M].北京:中国标准出版社,1990.
[4]全国核能标准化技术委员会辐射防护分技术委员会.GB14500—2002放射性废物管理规定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2002.
[5]刘华,罗建军,马成辉.第一次全国污染源普查伴生放射性污染源普查结果初步分析研究[C]//第三次全国天然辐射照射与控制研讨会论文汇编,2010.
[6]张维乾,黄凯平.贵州省钼、镍、钒多金属矿放射性环境影响评价方法初探[J].贵州地质,2010,27(3):226-229.Zhang Weiqian,Huang Kaiping. Preliminary study on radioactive environmental impact assessment methods of molybdenum,nickel and vanadium polymetallic ore deposits in Guizhou[J]. Guizhou Geology,2010,27(3):226-229.
[7]冯晓.伴生放射性矿分类管控指标的研究[J].能源与环保,2017,39(10):58-61.Feng Xiao. Study on classification technical index form mine associated with radionuclides[J]. China Energy and Environmental Protection,2017,39(10):58-61.
[8]冯光文,刘鄂,李建辉.关于新疆某些煤矿辐射水平审管限值的初步探讨[J].辐射防护,2012,32(3):181-184.Feng Guangwen,Liu Er,Li Jianhui. Preliminary study on regulatory limits of coal mines associated with radionuclides in Xinjiang[J].Radiation Protection,2012,32(3):181-184.
[9]刘明.关于伴生放射性矿物辐射卫生审管限值的探讨[J].中国辐射卫生,2002,11(2):56-57.Ming Liu. Discussion on the limit of hygienic examination for radiation of associated radioactive minerals[J]. Chinese Journal of Radiological Health,2002,11(2). 56-57.
[10]李士骏.某些持续照射情况的公众放射防护对策[C]//21世纪初辐射防护论坛第三次会议暨21世纪初核安全论坛第一次会议,2004.
[11] Elguebaly L. Evaluation of disposal,recycling and clearance scenarios for managing ARIES radwaste after plant decommissioning[J]. Nuclear Fusion,2007,47(47):S485-S488.
[12]核工业标准化研究所. GB18871—2002电离辐射防护与辐射源基本安全标准[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2002.
[13]魏方欣.伴生矿开发利用中放射性环境监管机制探讨[J].三峡环境与生态,2012,34(6):46-48.Wei Fangxin. Discussion on regulatory mechanism of radioactive environment in development and utilization of associated minerals[J]. Environment and Ecology of the Three Gorges,2012,34(6):46-48.
[14]闫双华,马艳芳,喻亦林.云南伴生矿中的放射性与辐射环境监管[J].中国矿业,2015,24(2):141-143.Yan Shuanghua,Ma Yanfang,Yu Yilin. Supervision of radioactivity and radiation environment in associated ore in Yunnan[J]. China Mining,2015,24(2):141-143.
[15]郑丝雨,李锦林,胡迪琴.广州市稀土和伴生矿放射性污染水平调查和研究[J].广州环境科学,2012,27(3):27-30.Zheng Siyu,Li Jinlin,Hu Diqin. Radiation pollution of rare earth and associated ores in Guangzhou[J]. Guangzhou Environmental Science,2012,32(3):27-30.
[16]潘自强.国际放射防护委员会2007年建议书[M].北京:原子能出版社,2008.
[17]帅震清,赵亚民,赵永明.伴生放射性矿物资源开发利用中放射性污染现状与对策研究[C]//全国天然辐射照射与控制研讨会,2000.
[18]潘三铭,刘如业.全国土壤中天然放射性核素含量调查研究(1983—1990年)[J].辐射环保,1992,12(2):122-142.Pan Sanming,Liu Ruye. Investigation and research of natural radionuclide content In soil In China(1983—1990 years)[J]. Radiation and environmental Protection,1992,12(2):122-142.
[19]帅震清,温维辉,赵亚民,等.伴生放射性矿物资源开发利用中放射性污染现状与对策研究[J].辐射防护通讯,2001,21(2):3-7.Shuai Zhenqing,Wen Weihui,Zhao Yamin,et al. Study on natural radionuclide emission limits rare earth mineral associated with radioactivity[J]. Radiation Protection Communications,2001,21(2):3-7.
[20]贾晓辉,王国全,冯光文.环境地表γ辐射剂量率理论建模初探[J].核电子学与探测技术,2012,32(1):79-82.Jia Xiaohui,Wang Guoquan,Feng Guangwen. Theoretical modeling of environmental surface gamma radiation dose rate[J]. Nuclear Electronics and Detection Technology,2012,32(1):79-82.
[2]商照荣,梁干庄.人及动植物的辐射剂量评价模式[J].辐射防护通讯,2000(Z1):83-87.Shang Zhaorong,Liang Ganzhuang. Radiation dose assessment model for humans and animals[J]. Radiation Protection Communications,2000(Z1):83-87.
[3]中华人民共和国家环保局.放射环境管理办法[M].北京:中国标准出版社,1990.
[4]全国核能标准化技术委员会辐射防护分技术委员会.GB14500—2002放射性废物管理规定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2002.
[5]刘华,罗建军,马成辉.第一次全国污染源普查伴生放射性污染源普查结果初步分析研究[C]//第三次全国天然辐射照射与控制研讨会论文汇编,2010.
[6]张维乾,黄凯平.贵州省钼、镍、钒多金属矿放射性环境影响评价方法初探[J].贵州地质,2010,27(3):226-229.Zhang Weiqian,Huang Kaiping. Preliminary study on radioactive environmental impact assessment methods of molybdenum,nickel and vanadium polymetallic ore deposits in Guizhou[J]. Guizhou Geology,2010,27(3):226-229.
[7]冯晓.伴生放射性矿分类管控指标的研究[J].能源与环保,2017,39(10):58-61.Feng Xiao. Study on classification technical index form mine associated with radionuclides[J]. China Energy and Environmental Protection,2017,39(10):58-61.
[8]冯光文,刘鄂,李建辉.关于新疆某些煤矿辐射水平审管限值的初步探讨[J].辐射防护,2012,32(3):181-184.Feng Guangwen,Liu Er,Li Jianhui. Preliminary study on regulatory limits of coal mines associated with radionuclides in Xinjiang[J].Radiation Protection,2012,32(3):181-184.
[9]刘明.关于伴生放射性矿物辐射卫生审管限值的探讨[J].中国辐射卫生,2002,11(2):56-57.Ming Liu. Discussion on the limit of hygienic examination for radiation of associated radioactive minerals[J]. Chinese Journal of Radiological Health,2002,11(2). 56-57.
[10]李士骏.某些持续照射情况的公众放射防护对策[C]//21世纪初辐射防护论坛第三次会议暨21世纪初核安全论坛第一次会议,2004.
[11] Elguebaly L. Evaluation of disposal,recycling and clearance scenarios for managing ARIES radwaste after plant decommissioning[J]. Nuclear Fusion,2007,47(47):S485-S488.
[12]核工业标准化研究所. GB18871—2002电离辐射防护与辐射源基本安全标准[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2002.
[13]魏方欣.伴生矿开发利用中放射性环境监管机制探讨[J].三峡环境与生态,2012,34(6):46-48.Wei Fangxin. Discussion on regulatory mechanism of radioactive environment in development and utilization of associated minerals[J]. Environment and Ecology of the Three Gorges,2012,34(6):46-48.
[14]闫双华,马艳芳,喻亦林.云南伴生矿中的放射性与辐射环境监管[J].中国矿业,2015,24(2):141-143.Yan Shuanghua,Ma Yanfang,Yu Yilin. Supervision of radioactivity and radiation environment in associated ore in Yunnan[J]. China Mining,2015,24(2):141-143.
[15]郑丝雨,李锦林,胡迪琴.广州市稀土和伴生矿放射性污染水平调查和研究[J].广州环境科学,2012,27(3):27-30.Zheng Siyu,Li Jinlin,Hu Diqin. Radiation pollution of rare earth and associated ores in Guangzhou[J]. Guangzhou Environmental Science,2012,32(3):27-30.
[16]潘自强.国际放射防护委员会2007年建议书[M].北京:原子能出版社,2008.
[17]帅震清,赵亚民,赵永明.伴生放射性矿物资源开发利用中放射性污染现状与对策研究[C]//全国天然辐射照射与控制研讨会,2000.
[18]潘三铭,刘如业.全国土壤中天然放射性核素含量调查研究(1983—1990年)[J].辐射环保,1992,12(2):122-142.Pan Sanming,Liu Ruye. Investigation and research of natural radionuclide content In soil In China(1983—1990 years)[J]. Radiation and environmental Protection,1992,12(2):122-142.
[19]帅震清,温维辉,赵亚民,等.伴生放射性矿物资源开发利用中放射性污染现状与对策研究[J].辐射防护通讯,2001,21(2):3-7.Shuai Zhenqing,Wen Weihui,Zhao Yamin,et al. Study on natural radionuclide emission limits rare earth mineral associated with radioactivity[J]. Radiation Protection Communications,2001,21(2):3-7.
[20]贾晓辉,王国全,冯光文.环境地表γ辐射剂量率理论建模初探[J].核电子学与探测技术,2012,32(1):79-82.Jia Xiaohui,Wang Guoquan,Feng Guangwen. Theoretical modeling of environmental surface gamma radiation dose rate[J]. Nuclear Electronics and Detection Technology,2012,32(1):79-82.