新疆某地区煤矿井下工作人员受照剂量研究
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摘要
新疆煤炭资源储量丰富,开采量巨大,然而某些煤矿含有较高放射性核素,对井下作业人员危害较大。为了掌握新疆井下工作人员的辐射照射状况,对新疆某地3家煤矿井下γ辐射剂量率、氡浓度、粉尘的放射性核素浓度进行监测与估算。结果表明A矿与B矿井下工作人员年有效剂量相对较高,分别为4.23 m Sv和1.90 m Sv;C矿相对较小,仅为0.57 m Sv,远低于全国平均水平。A矿超过了全国平均水平,主要由γ外照射引起,占到79.9%,可以通过缩短井下作业时间进行控制;B矿接近全国平均水平,主要来源于氡和氡子体内照射,占到总剂量的89.6%。可以通过隔离氡的析出和加强通风等方式降低受照剂量。
It is rich in coal resource and then arise a large amount of coal mining in Xinjiang Province. However,the Radionuclide content of some mines is very high and brings huge harm to underground workers. In order to know well the radiation condition of the workers,the gamma radiation dose rate,radon concentration and radionuclide concentration of dust in three mines were estimated in this paper. The results show that the annual effective dose of A mine and B mine are 4. 23 m Sv and 1. 90 m Sv,respectively and obviously higher than C mine which only is 0. 57 m Sv that far below the national average. The dose of A mine is more than the national average,which mainly caused by the external radiation from gamma ray which accounted for 79. 9%. It can be controlled by shortening the underground operation time. The radiation of B mine is close to the national average and which mainly derived from the internal radiation of radon and its decay product which accounting for 89. 6% of the total dose. The dose of radon can be reduced through segregation of radon precipitation and enhanced ventilation.
It is rich in coal resource and then arise a large amount of coal mining in Xinjiang Province. However,the Radionuclide content of some mines is very high and brings huge harm to underground workers. In order to know well the radiation condition of the workers,the gamma radiation dose rate,radon concentration and radionuclide concentration of dust in three mines were estimated in this paper. The results show that the annual effective dose of A mine and B mine are 4. 23 m Sv and 1. 90 m Sv,respectively and obviously higher than C mine which only is 0. 57 m Sv that far below the national average. The dose of A mine is more than the national average,which mainly caused by the external radiation from gamma ray which accounted for 79. 9%. It can be controlled by shortening the underground operation time. The radiation of B mine is close to the national average and which mainly derived from the internal radiation of radon and its decay product which accounting for 89. 6% of the total dose. The dose of radon can be reduced through segregation of radon precipitation and enhanced ventilation.
引文
[1]Qureshi A.A.,Ka Kar D.M.,Akram M.,et al.Radon concentrations in coal mines of Baluchistan,Pakistan.[J]Environ.Radioactive,2000,48(2):203.
[2]Nejad M.G,Beitollahi M.M.,Fathabadi N.,et al.Exposure of 222Rn inten underground mines in iran.[J]Radio.Prot.Dosim.,2002,98(2):203.
[3]Fisne A.,Okten G.,Celebi N..Radon concentration measurements in bituminous coal mines.Radio.Prot.Dosim.,2005,113(2):173.
[4]冯光文,王国全.新疆某县煤矿放射性水平调查与评价[J].核电子科学与探测技术,2010,34(10):1218.
[5]刘福东,潘自强,刘森林,等.全国煤矿中煤、矸石天然放射性核素含量调查分析[J].辐射防护,2007,27(3):171.
[6]陈凌,潘自强,刘森林,等.中国煤矿井下工作人员所受天然辐射职业性照射初步评价[J].辐射防护,2008,28(3):129.
[7]黄银萍,杨明离,蒋宇红.北京、浙江两煤矿的的氡和γ放射性水平调查[J].铀矿冶,2013,32(1):42-45.
[8]GB/T 14583—1993环境地表γ辐射剂量率测定规范[S].
[9]HJ/T 61—2001辐射环境监测技术规范[S].
[10]GB/T 14582—1993环境空气中氡的标准测量方法[S].
[11]GB 18871—2002电离辐射防护与辐射源安全基本标准[S].
[12]潘自强.电离辐射环境监测与评价[M].北京:原子能出版社,2007:10-12.
[2]Nejad M.G,Beitollahi M.M.,Fathabadi N.,et al.Exposure of 222Rn inten underground mines in iran.[J]Radio.Prot.Dosim.,2002,98(2):203.
[3]Fisne A.,Okten G.,Celebi N..Radon concentration measurements in bituminous coal mines.Radio.Prot.Dosim.,2005,113(2):173.
[4]冯光文,王国全.新疆某县煤矿放射性水平调查与评价[J].核电子科学与探测技术,2010,34(10):1218.
[5]刘福东,潘自强,刘森林,等.全国煤矿中煤、矸石天然放射性核素含量调查分析[J].辐射防护,2007,27(3):171.
[6]陈凌,潘自强,刘森林,等.中国煤矿井下工作人员所受天然辐射职业性照射初步评价[J].辐射防护,2008,28(3):129.
[7]黄银萍,杨明离,蒋宇红.北京、浙江两煤矿的的氡和γ放射性水平调查[J].铀矿冶,2013,32(1):42-45.
[8]GB/T 14583—1993环境地表γ辐射剂量率测定规范[S].
[9]HJ/T 61—2001辐射环境监测技术规范[S].
[10]GB/T 14582—1993环境空气中氡的标准测量方法[S].
[11]GB 18871—2002电离辐射防护与辐射源安全基本标准[S].
[12]潘自强.电离辐射环境监测与评价[M].北京:原子能出版社,2007:10-12.