红花在萌发期和幼苗期对盐胁迫的响应
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摘要
观察红花在萌发期和幼苗期对Na Cl胁迫的响应特征,确定红花幼苗的耐盐阈值,为深入研究红花幼苗的耐盐机理提供理论依据。以蒸馏水和不同浓度Na Cl溶液浸泡(0.06 mol/L、0.12 mol/L、0.18 mol/L、0.24mol/L、0.30 mol/L)红花种子,沙培法培养,苗期浇灌含有不同浓度Na Cl的霍格兰营养液。通过测定红花幼苗形态指标、丙二醛(MDA)含量以及叶片中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)的活性来考察红花幼苗对Na Cl的响应。结果表明:①蒸馏水浸泡和Na Cl浸泡组中,幼苗株高与根长均随Na Cl浓度的增高而下降,且对地下部分抑制强于地上部分。②蒸馏水浸泡和Na Cl浸泡组中随Na Cl浓度的增加,SOD酶活性先增高后下降,在0.06 mol/L Na Cl处理下达到最高值; POD酶活性显著增强,在0.18 mol/L Na Cl处理下POD酶活性最高;同一浇灌浓度下,Na Cl浸泡组POD酶活性均大于蒸馏水浸泡组。③蒸馏水浸泡组,MDA含量随着Na Cl浓度的增高而增加; Na Cl浸泡组,MDA含量先减少后增加,在0.06 mol/L Na Cl处理下含量最低,在0.18 mol/L Na Cl处理下含量仍比对照组低。Na Cl浸泡组中MDA含量整体低于蒸馏水浸泡组。表明红花种子经过Na Cl浸泡,幼苗耐盐性提高,初步确定红花幼苗的耐Na Cl阈值为0.18 mol/L。
In order to provide theoretical basis for further study on salt tolerance mechanism of safflower seedling,this paper observed the response of safflower to Na Cl stress during germination and seedling stage,and determined the salt tolerance thresold of safflower seedlings. The seeds of safflower were soaked in distilled water and Na Cl solution of different concentrations( 0.06 mol/L,0.12 mol/L,0.18 mol/L,0.24 mol/L,0.30 mol/L) cultivated by sand method and irrigated with Hoagland nutrient solution with different concentrations of Na Cl solution at seedling stage. The response of safflower seedlings to Na Cl was observed by measuring the morphological indexes,the content of MDA,the activities of superoxide dismutase( SOD) and peroxidase( POD) in leaves. The results showed that: ① In the group of distilled water and Na Cl solution,the plant height and root length of seedlings decreased with the increase of Na Cl concentration,and the inhibition of the underground part was stronger than that of the aerial part. ② In the group of distilled water and Na Cl solution,with the increase of Na Cl concentration,the activity of SOD increased first,and then decreased. The maximum value was achieved under the treatment of 0.06 mol/L Na Cl. The activity of POD increased significantly. Under 0.18 mol/L Na Cl treatment,the activity of POD enzyme was the highest. At the same irrigated concentration,POD enzyme activity in Na Cl immersion was greater than that in distilled water immersion. ③ In the distilled water immersion group,with the increase of Na Cl concentration,the content of MDA increased. In Na Cl immersion group,with the increase of Na Cl concentration,the content of MDA decreased first,and then increased. The content was lowest at 0.06 mol/L Na Cl concentration. Under 0.18 mol/L Na Cl treatment,the content of MDA was still lower than that of the authentic group. The content of MDA in the Na Cl immersion group was lower than that in the distilled water group. Above results indicated the salt tolerance of safflower seeds was improved after soaking with Na Cl,and the threshold of Na Cl tolerance of safflower seedlings was determined to 0.18 mol/L.
In order to provide theoretical basis for further study on salt tolerance mechanism of safflower seedling,this paper observed the response of safflower to Na Cl stress during germination and seedling stage,and determined the salt tolerance thresold of safflower seedlings. The seeds of safflower were soaked in distilled water and Na Cl solution of different concentrations( 0.06 mol/L,0.12 mol/L,0.18 mol/L,0.24 mol/L,0.30 mol/L) cultivated by sand method and irrigated with Hoagland nutrient solution with different concentrations of Na Cl solution at seedling stage. The response of safflower seedlings to Na Cl was observed by measuring the morphological indexes,the content of MDA,the activities of superoxide dismutase( SOD) and peroxidase( POD) in leaves. The results showed that: ① In the group of distilled water and Na Cl solution,the plant height and root length of seedlings decreased with the increase of Na Cl concentration,and the inhibition of the underground part was stronger than that of the aerial part. ② In the group of distilled water and Na Cl solution,with the increase of Na Cl concentration,the activity of SOD increased first,and then decreased. The maximum value was achieved under the treatment of 0.06 mol/L Na Cl. The activity of POD increased significantly. Under 0.18 mol/L Na Cl treatment,the activity of POD enzyme was the highest. At the same irrigated concentration,POD enzyme activity in Na Cl immersion was greater than that in distilled water immersion. ③ In the distilled water immersion group,with the increase of Na Cl concentration,the content of MDA increased. In Na Cl immersion group,with the increase of Na Cl concentration,the content of MDA decreased first,and then increased. The content was lowest at 0.06 mol/L Na Cl concentration. Under 0.18 mol/L Na Cl treatment,the content of MDA was still lower than that of the authentic group. The content of MDA in the Na Cl immersion group was lower than that in the distilled water group. Above results indicated the salt tolerance of safflower seeds was improved after soaking with Na Cl,and the threshold of Na Cl tolerance of safflower seedlings was determined to 0.18 mol/L.
引文
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[11]扈晓佳,殷莎,袁婷婷,等.红花的化学成分及药理活性研究进展[J].药学实践杂志,2013,3(31):161-197.Hu X J,Yin S,Yuan T T,et al..Chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Carhamus tinctorius L.[J].J.Pharm.Practice,2013,3(31):161-197.
[12]范云鹏,李十中.药用植物红花及其生物活性成分红花黄素的提纯[J].中国医学生物技术应用,2002,3:73.
[13]陈文梅,金铭,吴伟,等.红花黄色素抑制血小板激活因子介导的血小板活化作用的研究[J].中国药学杂志,2000,35(11):741.Chen W M,Jin M,Wu W,et al..Inhibition of safflor yellow on rabbit platelet activation induced by platelet activating factor[J].Chin.Pharm.J.,2000,35(11):741.
[14]朴永哲,金铭,藏宝霞,等.红花黄色素改善大鼠缺氧心肌能量代谢的研究[J].中草药,2003,34(5):436.Piao Y Z,Jin M,Zang B X,et al..Study of safflower yellow on improving energetic metabolism in hypoxic myocardium of rats[J].Chin.Tradit.Herbal Drugs,2003,34(5):436.
[15]孙晨,姜盈盈,陈森森,等.盐胁迫对红花种子萌发的影响[J].吉林农业,2018(17):54.
[16]于美玲.20个红花品种的耐盐生理及农艺性状的综合评价[D].河南新乡:河南师范大学,硕士学位论文,2010.Yu M L.The research on physiological responses of salt tolerance and agricultural characters of 20 safflower varieties[D].Henan Xinxiang:Henan Normal University,Master Dissertation,2010.
[17]徐瑶,樊艳,俞云鹤,等.丛枝菌根真菌对盐胁迫下红花幼苗生长及耐盐生理指标的影响[J].生态学杂志,2014,33(12):3395-3402.Xu Y,Fan Y,Yu Y H,et al..Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus on the growth and physiological salt tolerance parameters of Carthamus tinctorius seedlings under salt stress[J].Chin.J.Ecol.,2014,33(12):3395-3402.
[18]张元,冯琼,杨小方,等.黄腐酸对盐胁迫下红花种子萌发及幼苗生理特性的影响[J].河南农业科学,2015,44(11):24-27.Zhang Y,Feng Q,Yang X F,et al..Effect of fulvic aicid on seed germination and seedling physiological characters of Carthamus tinctorius L.under salt stress[J].J.Henan Agric.Sci.,2015,44(11):24-27.
[19]韩宇.药用红花对盐胁迫的生理响应及外源ALA的缓解效应[D].南京:南京农业大学,硕士学位论文,2014.Han Y.Physiological responses of Carthamus tinctorius L.to salt stress and it remission effect via application of exogenous ALA[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University,Master Dissertation,2014.
[20]余益成,侯骏霞,柴会玲,等.植物单盐毒害与离子拮抗性质研究.混合铁盐溶液对小麦生理指标的影响[J].科技资讯,2012(20):143-145.
[21]杨淑慎,高俊凤.活性氧、自由基与植物的衰老[J].西北植物学报,2001(2):215-220.Yang S S,Gao J F.Influence of active oxygen and free radicals on plant senescence[J].Acta Bot.Boreali-Occident.Sin.,2001(2):215-220.
[22]李合生.植物生理生化实验原理与技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000.
[23]Vicente O,Boscaiu M,Naranjo M A,et al..Responses to salt stress in the halophyte Plantago crassifolia(Plantaginaceae)[J].London J.Arid Environ.,2004(58):463-481.
[24]韩宇,生艳菲,罗茜,等.药用红花幼苗对盐胁迫的生理响应机制[J].生态学杂志,2014,33(7):1833-1838.Han Y,Sheng Y F,Luo X,et al..Physiological mechanism of Carthamus tinctorius L seedlings in response to salt stress[J].Chin.J.Ecol.,2014,33(7):1833-1838.
[25]于美玲,邓传良,高武军,等.Na Cl胁迫对河南道地红花幼苗生理特性的影响[J].河南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2010(2):131-135.
[26]费伟,陈火英,曹忠,等.盐胁迫对番茄幼苗生理特性的影响[J].上海交通大学学报(农业科学版),2005(1):5-9.Fei W,Chen H Y,Cao Z,et al..Effects of Salt stress on physiological characteristics of Tomato seedlings[J].J.Shanghai Jiaotong Univ.(Agric.Sci.),2005(1):5-9.
[27]董合忠,辛承松,李维江.滨海盐碱地棉田盐度等级划分[J].应用生态学报,2012(3):36-39.Dong H Z,Xin C S,Li W J.Classification of salinity of cotton fields in coastal saline-alkali land[J].Shandong Agric.Sci.,2012(3):36-39.
[2]贾敬敦,张富.依靠科技创新推动我国盐碱地资源可持续利用[J].中国农业科技导报,2014,16(5):1-7.Jia J D,Zhang F.Sustainable utilization of saline-alkali land resources through scientific and technological innovation in China[J].J.Agric.Sci.Technol.,2014,16(5):1-7.
[3]姚立生.植物耐盐性多学科的研究进展[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2016,1-2.
[4]刘玉兰,段开怀,李皖,等.盐胁迫对野生稻种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响[J].中国稻米,2017(6):60-63.Liu Y L,Duan K H,Li W,et al..Effects of salt stress on seed germination and seedling growth of different wild rice[J].China Rice,2017(6):60-63.
[5]王征宏,孔祥生,吕淑芳,等.盐胁迫下大豆叶片有机物质及荧光参数的变化[J].河南科技大学学报(农学版),2003,23(4):30-31.Wang Z H,Kong X S,Lv S F,et al..Changes of organic substance and fluorescence parameter under salt stress in soybean[J].J.Henan Univ.Sci.Technol.(Agric.Sci.),2003,23(4):30-31.
[6]莫海波,殷云龙,芦治国,等.Na Cl胁迫对四种豆科树种幼苗生长和K+、Na+含量的影响[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(5):1155-1161.Mo H B,Yin Y L,Lu Z G,et al..Effects of Na Cl stress on the seedling growth and K+and Na+allocation of four leguminous tree species[J].Chin.J.Appl.Ecol.,2011,22(5):1155-1161.
[7]谢振宇,杨光穗.牧草耐盐性研究进展[J].草业科学,2003,20(8):11-17.Xie Z Y,Yang G S.Advances in salt tolerance of forage plants[J].Pratac.Sci.,2003,20(8):11-17.
[8]中国科学院中国植物志编辑委员会.中国植物志[M].北京:科学出版社,2004,186.
[9]王兆木.红花[M].北京:中国中医药出版社,2001,148-180.
[10]国家药典委员会.中国药典[S].北京:中国医药科技出版社,2015,151.
[11]扈晓佳,殷莎,袁婷婷,等.红花的化学成分及药理活性研究进展[J].药学实践杂志,2013,3(31):161-197.Hu X J,Yin S,Yuan T T,et al..Chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Carhamus tinctorius L.[J].J.Pharm.Practice,2013,3(31):161-197.
[12]范云鹏,李十中.药用植物红花及其生物活性成分红花黄素的提纯[J].中国医学生物技术应用,2002,3:73.
[13]陈文梅,金铭,吴伟,等.红花黄色素抑制血小板激活因子介导的血小板活化作用的研究[J].中国药学杂志,2000,35(11):741.Chen W M,Jin M,Wu W,et al..Inhibition of safflor yellow on rabbit platelet activation induced by platelet activating factor[J].Chin.Pharm.J.,2000,35(11):741.
[14]朴永哲,金铭,藏宝霞,等.红花黄色素改善大鼠缺氧心肌能量代谢的研究[J].中草药,2003,34(5):436.Piao Y Z,Jin M,Zang B X,et al..Study of safflower yellow on improving energetic metabolism in hypoxic myocardium of rats[J].Chin.Tradit.Herbal Drugs,2003,34(5):436.
[15]孙晨,姜盈盈,陈森森,等.盐胁迫对红花种子萌发的影响[J].吉林农业,2018(17):54.
[16]于美玲.20个红花品种的耐盐生理及农艺性状的综合评价[D].河南新乡:河南师范大学,硕士学位论文,2010.Yu M L.The research on physiological responses of salt tolerance and agricultural characters of 20 safflower varieties[D].Henan Xinxiang:Henan Normal University,Master Dissertation,2010.
[17]徐瑶,樊艳,俞云鹤,等.丛枝菌根真菌对盐胁迫下红花幼苗生长及耐盐生理指标的影响[J].生态学杂志,2014,33(12):3395-3402.Xu Y,Fan Y,Yu Y H,et al..Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus on the growth and physiological salt tolerance parameters of Carthamus tinctorius seedlings under salt stress[J].Chin.J.Ecol.,2014,33(12):3395-3402.
[18]张元,冯琼,杨小方,等.黄腐酸对盐胁迫下红花种子萌发及幼苗生理特性的影响[J].河南农业科学,2015,44(11):24-27.Zhang Y,Feng Q,Yang X F,et al..Effect of fulvic aicid on seed germination and seedling physiological characters of Carthamus tinctorius L.under salt stress[J].J.Henan Agric.Sci.,2015,44(11):24-27.
[19]韩宇.药用红花对盐胁迫的生理响应及外源ALA的缓解效应[D].南京:南京农业大学,硕士学位论文,2014.Han Y.Physiological responses of Carthamus tinctorius L.to salt stress and it remission effect via application of exogenous ALA[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University,Master Dissertation,2014.
[20]余益成,侯骏霞,柴会玲,等.植物单盐毒害与离子拮抗性质研究.混合铁盐溶液对小麦生理指标的影响[J].科技资讯,2012(20):143-145.
[21]杨淑慎,高俊凤.活性氧、自由基与植物的衰老[J].西北植物学报,2001(2):215-220.Yang S S,Gao J F.Influence of active oxygen and free radicals on plant senescence[J].Acta Bot.Boreali-Occident.Sin.,2001(2):215-220.
[22]李合生.植物生理生化实验原理与技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000.
[23]Vicente O,Boscaiu M,Naranjo M A,et al..Responses to salt stress in the halophyte Plantago crassifolia(Plantaginaceae)[J].London J.Arid Environ.,2004(58):463-481.
[24]韩宇,生艳菲,罗茜,等.药用红花幼苗对盐胁迫的生理响应机制[J].生态学杂志,2014,33(7):1833-1838.Han Y,Sheng Y F,Luo X,et al..Physiological mechanism of Carthamus tinctorius L seedlings in response to salt stress[J].Chin.J.Ecol.,2014,33(7):1833-1838.
[25]于美玲,邓传良,高武军,等.Na Cl胁迫对河南道地红花幼苗生理特性的影响[J].河南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2010(2):131-135.
[26]费伟,陈火英,曹忠,等.盐胁迫对番茄幼苗生理特性的影响[J].上海交通大学学报(农业科学版),2005(1):5-9.Fei W,Chen H Y,Cao Z,et al..Effects of Salt stress on physiological characteristics of Tomato seedlings[J].J.Shanghai Jiaotong Univ.(Agric.Sci.),2005(1):5-9.
[27]董合忠,辛承松,李维江.滨海盐碱地棉田盐度等级划分[J].应用生态学报,2012(3):36-39.Dong H Z,Xin C S,Li W J.Classification of salinity of cotton fields in coastal saline-alkali land[J].Shandong Agric.Sci.,2012(3):36-39.