地铁隧道管片错台风险评估体系的研究和探讨
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摘要
管片错台是盾构施工过程中的常见现象,会引发管片局部破损(开裂)、盾尾漏浆、隧道漏水等风险,而导致错台的主要因素有同步注浆控制、盾构姿态、总推力反力竖向分力、掘进速度、地层条件和拼装作业等。基于风险评估理论,笔者采用广义函数法建立地铁隧道的风险评估体系。利用G1法计算风险指标的权重;由风险指标与错台量的关系,将定性指标予以量化,同时,按照统一标准进行规范化,得到其价值标准;计算系统的总价值,将系统的安全等级划分为优、良、中、差4级。采用此评价体系对地铁隧道进行管片错台风险评估,得出量化的评估结果,进而为选取掘进参数和提出施工对策提供依据。
Lots of risks exist in segments dislocation,such as segments local cracks(or breakage),plasma leakage of shield tail or tunnel leaks and so on. Those are mainly caused by synchronized grouting control,shield attitude,vertical component force,tunneling speeds,ground conditions and segments assembling. With the help of risk assessment method and generalized function method,a risk assessment system of the segments dislocation in metro tunnel was established. Weight of each risk index was calculated by G1method; the value standards of each risk indexes were built,which was based on their influences on shield segments dislocation,as well as the various index must be normalized; at last,total value of the system was calculated and the security grade was put forward,including four grades: excellent,good,common,poor. As using the system to assess the segments dislocation of each metro tunnel,we can get the quantitative assessment results to provide basis for selecting tunneling parameters and putting forward construction countermeasures.
Lots of risks exist in segments dislocation,such as segments local cracks(or breakage),plasma leakage of shield tail or tunnel leaks and so on. Those are mainly caused by synchronized grouting control,shield attitude,vertical component force,tunneling speeds,ground conditions and segments assembling. With the help of risk assessment method and generalized function method,a risk assessment system of the segments dislocation in metro tunnel was established. Weight of each risk index was calculated by G1method; the value standards of each risk indexes were built,which was based on their influences on shield segments dislocation,as well as the various index must be normalized; at last,total value of the system was calculated and the security grade was put forward,including four grades: excellent,good,common,poor. As using the system to assess the segments dislocation of each metro tunnel,we can get the quantitative assessment results to provide basis for selecting tunneling parameters and putting forward construction countermeasures.
引文
[1]陈俊生,莫海鸿.盾构隧道管片施工阶段力学行为的三维有限元分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(增2):3482-3489.(Chen Junsheng,Mo Haihong.Threedimensional finite element analysis of mechanical behaviors of shield tunnel segment during construction[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(Supp.2):3482-3489.(in Chinese))
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[10]黄小城,陈秋南,阳跃朋,等.可拓理论对复杂条件下岩溶隧道的风险评估[J].地下空间与工程学报,2013,9(5):1179-1185.(Huang Xiaocheng,Chen Qiunan,Yang Yuepeng,et al.Risk evaluation of karst tunnel under complex geological condition with extension theory[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2013,9(5):1179-1185.(in Chinese))
[11]吴治生,张杰.岩溶隧道风险影响因素及评估[J].铁道工程学报,2011,28(10):90-95.(Wu Zhisheng,Zhang Jie.Influence factors of karst tunnel risk and risk assessmeng[J].Journal of Railway Engineering Society,2011,28(10):90-95.(in Chinese))
[12]韩直,杨荣尚,易富军,等.公路隧道运营安全技术[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2012.(Han Zhi,Yang Rongshang,Yi Fujun,et al.Operation safety technology of highway tunnel[M].Beijing:China Communications Press,2012.(in Chinese))
[13]季昌,周顺华,许恺,等.盾构隧道管片施工期上浮影响因素的现场试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(增2):3019-3026.(Ji Chang,Zhou Shunhua,Xu Kai,et al.Field test research on influence factor of upward moving of shield tunnel segments during construction[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(Supp.2):3019-3026.(in Chinese))
[14]中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部.盾构法隧道施工与验收规范(GB50446—2008)[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2008.(Ministry of Housing and UrbanRural Development of the People’s Republic of China.Code for construction and acceptance of shield tunnelling method(GB50446—2008)[S].Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,2008.(in Chinese))
[15]肖明清,孙文昊,韩向阳.盾构隧道管片上浮问题研究[J].岩土力学.2009,30(4):1041-1045.(Xiao Mingqing,Sun Wenhao,Han Xiangyang.Research on upward moving of segments of shieid tunnel[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(4):1041-1045.(in Chinese))
[16]中华人民共和国铁道部.铁路隧道设计规范(TB10003—2005)[S].北京:中国铁道出版社,2005.(Ministry of railways of the People’s Republic of China.Code for design on tunnel of railway(TB10003—2005)[S].Beijing:China Railway Publishing House,2005.(in Chinese))
[2]钟志全.盾构管片错台分析及措施[J].建筑机械化,2006,27(9):43-45.(Zhong Zhiquan.Analysis and measures about slab staggering of duct piece on shield machine[J].Construction Mechanization,2006,27(9):43-45.(in Chinese))
[3]周明军.盾构隧道管片结构纵向错台研究[J].铁道建筑技术,2008(5):80-83.(Zhou Mingjun.Study on longitudinal dislocation of the shield tunnel segment[J].Railway Construction Technology,2008(5):80-83.(in Chinese))
[4]李宇杰,何平,秦东平.盾构隧道管片错台的影响分析[J].工程力学,2012,29(11):277-282.(Li Yujie,He Ping,Qin Dongping.Influence analysis on longitudinal dislocation for shield tunnel segment[J].Engineering Mechanics,2012,29(11):277-282.(in Chinese))
[5]秦建设,朱伟.盾构姿态控制引起管片错台及开裂问题研究[J].施工技术,2004,33(10):25-27.(Qin Jianshe,Zhu Wei.Study of dislocation of duct pieces and crack problems caused by shield attitude control[J].Construction Technology,2004,33(10):25-27.(in Chinese))
[6]Eskesen S,Tengborg P,Kampmann J,et al.Guidelines for tunneling risk management:Inter-national tunneling association,working group No.2[J].Tunneling and Underground Space Technology,2004,19(3):217-237.
[7]黄宏伟.隧道及地下工程建设中的风险管理研究进展[J].地下空间与工程学报,2006,2(1):13-20.(Huang Hongwei.State-of-the-art of the research on risk management in construction of tunnel and underground works[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2006,2(1):13-20.(in Chinese))
[8]黄宏伟,曾明,陈亮,等.基于风险数据库的盾构隧道施工风险管理软件(TRM1.0)开发[J].地下空间与工程学报,2006,2(1):36-41.(Huang Hongwei,Zeng Ming,Chen Liang,et al.Risk management software(TRM1.0)based on risk database for shield tunneling[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2006,2(1):36-41.(in Chinese))
[9]闫玉茹,黄宏伟,胡群芳,等.大连湾海底隧道钻爆法施工风险评估研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(增2),3616-3624.(Yan Yuru,Huang Hongwei,Hu Qunfang,et al.Risk assessment on drill and blasting method of Da Lian bay subsea tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(Supp.2),3616-3624.(in Chinese))
[10]黄小城,陈秋南,阳跃朋,等.可拓理论对复杂条件下岩溶隧道的风险评估[J].地下空间与工程学报,2013,9(5):1179-1185.(Huang Xiaocheng,Chen Qiunan,Yang Yuepeng,et al.Risk evaluation of karst tunnel under complex geological condition with extension theory[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2013,9(5):1179-1185.(in Chinese))
[11]吴治生,张杰.岩溶隧道风险影响因素及评估[J].铁道工程学报,2011,28(10):90-95.(Wu Zhisheng,Zhang Jie.Influence factors of karst tunnel risk and risk assessmeng[J].Journal of Railway Engineering Society,2011,28(10):90-95.(in Chinese))
[12]韩直,杨荣尚,易富军,等.公路隧道运营安全技术[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2012.(Han Zhi,Yang Rongshang,Yi Fujun,et al.Operation safety technology of highway tunnel[M].Beijing:China Communications Press,2012.(in Chinese))
[13]季昌,周顺华,许恺,等.盾构隧道管片施工期上浮影响因素的现场试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(增2):3019-3026.(Ji Chang,Zhou Shunhua,Xu Kai,et al.Field test research on influence factor of upward moving of shield tunnel segments during construction[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(Supp.2):3019-3026.(in Chinese))
[14]中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部.盾构法隧道施工与验收规范(GB50446—2008)[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2008.(Ministry of Housing and UrbanRural Development of the People’s Republic of China.Code for construction and acceptance of shield tunnelling method(GB50446—2008)[S].Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,2008.(in Chinese))
[15]肖明清,孙文昊,韩向阳.盾构隧道管片上浮问题研究[J].岩土力学.2009,30(4):1041-1045.(Xiao Mingqing,Sun Wenhao,Han Xiangyang.Research on upward moving of segments of shieid tunnel[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(4):1041-1045.(in Chinese))
[16]中华人民共和国铁道部.铁路隧道设计规范(TB10003—2005)[S].北京:中国铁道出版社,2005.(Ministry of railways of the People’s Republic of China.Code for design on tunnel of railway(TB10003—2005)[S].Beijing:China Railway Publishing House,2005.(in Chinese))