香蕉不同品种生长发育、结果性状和产量比较
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摘要
为了评价不同香蕉品种在广西的表现,对广西崇左市龙州县10月秋植的6个香蕉品种(桂蕉6号、中蕉3号、中蕉4号、中蕉6号、巴西蕉、南天黄)的生长发育、结果性状和产量进行了比较,旨在为广西香蕉生产的品种结构调整提供理论依据。试验结果表明:在整个生长发育阶段的同一时期,生长最旺的是中蕉3号,最弱的是南天黄,中等的是桂蕉6号、中蕉4号、中蕉6号和巴西蕉。生育期最长的是桂蕉6号和巴西蕉,比生育期最短的中蕉3号和中蕉4号多17.8d,南天黄和中蕉4号居中。产量最高的是桂蕉6号、中蕉3号、中蕉4号和中蕉6号,但4个品种间产量没有显著差异,其次是巴西蕉,最低是南天黄。果实综合性状较好的是中蕉4号、桂蕉6号、中蕉3号和中蕉6号,南天黄和巴西蕉较差。从综合表现看,中蕉3号、桂蕉6号、中蕉4号和中蕉6号表现较好,适合在广西种植并获得较高产量,南天黄和巴西蕉表现较差。香蕉不同品种的假茎高度、假茎围和叶片数的月增长量与月积温均呈显著或极显著相关关系,在一定温度范围内,高温促进香蕉植株的生长,低温则抑制香蕉植株的生长。
In order to evaluate the performance of different banana varieties planted in Guangxi, the growth, fruit setting and yield characters of six banana varieties(Guijjiao No. 6, Zhongjiao No. 3, Zhongjiao No. 4, Zhongjiao No. 6, Brazil Banana and Nantianhuang) planted in early September in Longzhou County, Chongzuo City, Guangxi were compared. It could provide a theoretical basis for the variety structural adjustment of banana in Guangxi. The results showed as follows: During the same development period, the growth of Zhongjiao No. 3 was the most prosperous. The weakest one was Nantianhuang, the medium were Guigui No. 6, Zhongcao No. 4, Zhongjiao No. 6 and Brazilian banana. The growing period of Guijiaoo No. 6 and Brazilian bananas was the longest, which was 17.8 days longer than that of Zhongjiao No. 3, and Zhongjiao No. 4 with the shortest growing period, and that of Nantianhuang and Zhongjiao No. 4 was in the middle. The yield of Guijiao No. 6, Zhongjiao No. 3, Zhongjiao No. 4 and Zhongjiao No. 6, with no significant difference among them were the highest, and the lowest was Nantianhuang. The synthetic fruit traits of Zhongjiao No. 4, Guijiaoo No. 6, Zhongjiao No. 3 and Zhongjiao No. 6 were better than that of the others. Judging from the com-prehensive trait performance, Zhongjiao 3, Guijiaoo 6, Zhongcao 4 and Zhongcao 6 performed well, which were suitable for planting in Guangxi. The monthly growth of pseudostem height, pseudostem circumstance, and leaf number of different banana varieties showed significant or extremely significant correlation with the monthly accumulated temperature. In a certain temperature range, high temperature promoted the growth of banana plants, and low temperature suppressed banana plants.
In order to evaluate the performance of different banana varieties planted in Guangxi, the growth, fruit setting and yield characters of six banana varieties(Guijjiao No. 6, Zhongjiao No. 3, Zhongjiao No. 4, Zhongjiao No. 6, Brazil Banana and Nantianhuang) planted in early September in Longzhou County, Chongzuo City, Guangxi were compared. It could provide a theoretical basis for the variety structural adjustment of banana in Guangxi. The results showed as follows: During the same development period, the growth of Zhongjiao No. 3 was the most prosperous. The weakest one was Nantianhuang, the medium were Guigui No. 6, Zhongcao No. 4, Zhongjiao No. 6 and Brazilian banana. The growing period of Guijiaoo No. 6 and Brazilian bananas was the longest, which was 17.8 days longer than that of Zhongjiao No. 3, and Zhongjiao No. 4 with the shortest growing period, and that of Nantianhuang and Zhongjiao No. 4 was in the middle. The yield of Guijiao No. 6, Zhongjiao No. 3, Zhongjiao No. 4 and Zhongjiao No. 6, with no significant difference among them were the highest, and the lowest was Nantianhuang. The synthetic fruit traits of Zhongjiao No. 4, Guijiaoo No. 6, Zhongjiao No. 3 and Zhongjiao No. 6 were better than that of the others. Judging from the com-prehensive trait performance, Zhongjiao 3, Guijiaoo 6, Zhongcao 4 and Zhongcao 6 performed well, which were suitable for planting in Guangxi. The monthly growth of pseudostem height, pseudostem circumstance, and leaf number of different banana varieties showed significant or extremely significant correlation with the monthly accumulated temperature. In a certain temperature range, high temperature promoted the growth of banana plants, and low temperature suppressed banana plants.
引文
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[13]黄素梅,韦绍龙,龙盛风,等.几个香蕉品种对枯萎病的抗性与主要性状比较[J].中国南方果树,2014,43(5):74-77, 80.
[14]李斌,李春雨,魏岳荣,等.香蕉对尖孢镰刀菌热带4号小种的抗性评价方法的建立[J].园艺学报,2016,43(5):876-884.
[15]佚名.抗香蕉枯萎病新品种试种成功[J].新农村,2014(7):56.
[16]解华云,周洁琼,邓筱艳.抗枯萎病香蕉新品种引种试验[J].东南园艺, 2017(1):1-3.
[17]廖镜思,陈清西.香蕉生长发育与温度和降雨量的相关分析[J].福建农学院学报, 1990, 19(1):35-40.
[18]VidyaSM,LaxmanRH,BhattRM,etal.Ravishankar.Temperatureinductionresponsetechnique:ascreeningtool forevaluationofbananacultivarsforthermotolerance[J].Indian Journal of Plant Physiology, 2017, 22(1):79-84.
[2]柯佑鹏,过建春,方佳,等.世界香蕉生产及贸易的发展趋势分析[J].世界农业,2008, 6(4):38-67.
[3]联合国粮农组织(FAO).粮农统计数据库(FAOSTAT)[EB/OL].[2018-3-20]. http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC.
[4]中国统计局.中国统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2017:195.
[5]高广平,易干军,魏岳荣.香蕉栽培管理技术研究概况[J].中国农学通报, 2010, 26(10):337-342.
[6]HwangSC,KoWH.Cavendishbananacultivarsresistant tofusariumwiltacquiredthroughsomaclonalvariationin Taiwan[J]. Plant Disease, 2004, 88(6):580-588.
[7]刘长全.香蕉寒害研究进展[J].果树学报,2006,23(3):448-453.
[8]劳世辉.香蕉(Musaspp.)种质资源的核型分析和变异的鉴定、筛选[D].重庆:西南大学, 2011.
[9]陈厚彬,李建国,冯奇瑞,等.28个香蕉品种果实性状评估[J].华南农业大学学报, 2004, 25(4):6-11.
[10]SmithMK,HamillSD,LangdonPW,etal.Selectionof newbananavarietiesforthecoolsubtropicsinAustralia[J].Acta Horticulturae, 1998, 490:49-56.
[11]JanickJ.Fruitbreedinginthe21stcentury[J].ActaHorticulturae, 1998, 490:39-48.
[12]郑文武,尧金燕,刘永华,等.从2009年冬广西香蕉滞销所引起的思考[J].中国热带农业, 2010, 6(3):21-24.
[13]黄素梅,韦绍龙,龙盛风,等.几个香蕉品种对枯萎病的抗性与主要性状比较[J].中国南方果树,2014,43(5):74-77, 80.
[14]李斌,李春雨,魏岳荣,等.香蕉对尖孢镰刀菌热带4号小种的抗性评价方法的建立[J].园艺学报,2016,43(5):876-884.
[15]佚名.抗香蕉枯萎病新品种试种成功[J].新农村,2014(7):56.
[16]解华云,周洁琼,邓筱艳.抗枯萎病香蕉新品种引种试验[J].东南园艺, 2017(1):1-3.
[17]廖镜思,陈清西.香蕉生长发育与温度和降雨量的相关分析[J].福建农学院学报, 1990, 19(1):35-40.
[18]VidyaSM,LaxmanRH,BhattRM,etal.Ravishankar.Temperatureinductionresponsetechnique:ascreeningtool forevaluationofbananacultivarsforthermotolerance[J].Indian Journal of Plant Physiology, 2017, 22(1):79-84.