核心-边缘结构对旅游客流时间分布的影响——以广东省肇庆市为例
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摘要
核心地与边缘地间旅游活动频繁。为准确把握边缘地客流规律,助力边缘地发展旅游业,走出欠发达困境,以广东肇庆市为例,基于核心-边缘理论,运用基尼系数、聚类分析等定量方法探讨边缘地旅游客流时间分布特征及其影响机制。结果表明:在核心-边缘结构下边缘地客流季节性变化平缓,淡旺季不明显;核心地各市客流季节性相似性较大;边缘地与核心地的紧密联系是影响边缘地客流的主因,核心-边缘结构还通过假日制度、游客类型而间接影响边缘地客流。
There are frequent tourism activities between the core area and the peripheral area. It needs to do more researches to help the entities in the peripheral area to understand accurately the law of tourist flow and to develop tourism industry well. This paper probed deeply into the characteristics of travel time of tourist flow and its influence mechanism in the peripheral area through the principle of core-peripheral theory,using Gini coefficient,clustering analysis and other quantitative methods. Some useful knowledge is gotten through multidimensional analysis on the travel time of tourist flow in the peripheral area: Zhaoqing. The core-peripheral structure is a main factor that influences the travel time of tourist flow,which changes the core and the peripheral into the tourist origin and destination,respectively. The core area turns into the key market of tourist for the peripheral area. The travel of tourists from the core area determines the characteristics of passenger flow in the distribution of time in the peripheral area. There are close historical,cultural,social and economic ties between the core area and the peripheral area. The tight ties make the tourist flow stable,the curve of time distribution of passenger smooth. The change of tourist flow is small in every month in a year in the peripheral. The tourist from the core becomes the main body of tourist flow in the peripheral. The tourist flow still emerges some small low ebbs and peaks because of the effect of the core-peripheral structure. The mechanisms of the core-peripheral structure impacting on tourist flow contain both the directly close link between the core and the peripheral and the indirect factors such as the holiday system and type of tourist.
There are frequent tourism activities between the core area and the peripheral area. It needs to do more researches to help the entities in the peripheral area to understand accurately the law of tourist flow and to develop tourism industry well. This paper probed deeply into the characteristics of travel time of tourist flow and its influence mechanism in the peripheral area through the principle of core-peripheral theory,using Gini coefficient,clustering analysis and other quantitative methods. Some useful knowledge is gotten through multidimensional analysis on the travel time of tourist flow in the peripheral area: Zhaoqing. The core-peripheral structure is a main factor that influences the travel time of tourist flow,which changes the core and the peripheral into the tourist origin and destination,respectively. The core area turns into the key market of tourist for the peripheral area. The travel of tourists from the core area determines the characteristics of passenger flow in the distribution of time in the peripheral area. There are close historical,cultural,social and economic ties between the core area and the peripheral area. The tight ties make the tourist flow stable,the curve of time distribution of passenger smooth. The change of tourist flow is small in every month in a year in the peripheral. The tourist from the core becomes the main body of tourist flow in the peripheral. The tourist flow still emerges some small low ebbs and peaks because of the effect of the core-peripheral structure. The mechanisms of the core-peripheral structure impacting on tourist flow contain both the directly close link between the core and the peripheral and the indirect factors such as the holiday system and type of tourist.
引文
[1] BARON R. Seasonality in Tourism-Part I[J]. International Tourism Quarterly,1972(4):40-64.
[2] BARON R. Seasonality in Tourism-Part II[J]. International Tourism Quarterly,1973(1):51-67.
[3] CHUNG J Y. Seasonality in Tourism:A Review[J]. e-Review of Tourism Research(eRTR),2009,7:82-96.
[4]李创新,马耀峰,贺雅坤,等. 1994—2008年西部入境旅游典型省份客流集散时空动态研究——以陕西、四川、云南为例[J].旅游学刊,2011,26(7):12-19.
[5]朱红兵,高峻.中国主要旅游城市入境旅游客流季节性研究[J].旅游论坛,2011,4(4):128-133.
[6] PETREVSKA B. Investigating Tourism Seasonality in Macedonia[J]. UTMS Journal of Economics,2013,4(1):37-44.
[7]刘海洋,王乃昂,叶宜好,等.我国沙漠旅游景区客流时空特征与影响因素——以鸣沙山、沙坡头、巴丹吉林为例[J].经济地理,2013,33(3):156-163.
[8]卢松,陆林,王莉,等.古村落旅游客流时间分布特征及其影响因素研究——以世界文化遗产西递、宏村为例[J].地理科学,2004,24(2):250-256.
[9] SALO A,GARRIGA A,VILA M,et al. Differences in Seasonal Price Patterns among Second Home Rentals and Hotels:Empirical Evidence and Practical Implications[J]. Tourism Economics,2012,18(4):731-747.
[10] ESPINET J,FLUVIA M,SAl O A. Hotel Characteristics and Seasonality in Prices:An Analysis Using Spanish Tour Operators’Brochures[J]. Tourism Economics,2012,18(4):749-767.
[11] BARON R R. The Measurement of Seasonality and Its Economic Impacts[J]. Tourism Economics,1999,5(4):437-458.
[12] VOLO S. Research Note:Seasonality in Sicilian Tourism Demand-An Exploratory Study[J]. Tourism Economics,2010,16(4):1073-1080.
[13] KARAMUSTAFA K,ULAMA S. Measuring the Seasonality in Tourism with the Comparison of Different Methods[J].Euromed Journal of Business,2010,5(2):191-214.
[14] VERGORI A S. Forecasting Tourism Demand:The Role of Seasonality[J]. Tourism Economics,2012,18(5):915-930.
[15] JANG S S. Mitigating Tourism Seasonality:A Quantitative Approach[J]. Annals of Tourism Research,2004,31(4):819-836.
[16] KOENIG-LEWIS N,BISCHOFF E E. Developing Effective Strategies for Tackling Seasonality in the Tourism Industry[J]. Tourism and Hospitality Planning&Development,2010,7(4):395-413.
[17]冯学钢,孙晓东,于秋阳.反季旅游与旅游季节性平衡:研究述评与启示[J].旅游学刊,2014,29(1):92-100.
[18] YU G,SCHWARTZ Z,WALSH J E. Climate Change and Tourism Seasonality[J]. Journal of Tourism,2010,11(2):51-65.
[19] KULENDRAN N,DWYER L. Modeling Seasonal Variation in Tourism Flows with Climate Variables[J].Tourism Analysis,2012,17(2):121-137.
[20] BECKEN S. Measuring the Effect of Weather on TourismA Destination-and-Activity-Based Analysis[J]. Journal of Travel Research,2013,52(2):156-167.
[21] BUTLER R W. Seasonality in Tourism:Issues and Problems[C]//Seaton A V. Tourism:The State of the Art.Chichester:Wiley,1994:332-339.
[22]张朝枝,保继刚.休假制度对遗产旅游地客流的影响——以武陵源为例[J].地理研究,2007,26(6):1295-1303.
[23]李飞.新休假制度对“黄金周”旅游客流的影响及其政策意义——来自国家假日办重点监测景区的证据[J].旅游学刊,2009,24(6):12-18.
[24]刘泽华,张捷,吴小根,等.特殊时段旅游客流时间分布对旅游地理结构响应研究——以北京、黄山、西安TDD黄金周旅游客流为例[J].人文地理,2010,25(1):129-133.
[25] PAPATHEODOROU A. Exploring the Evolution of Tourism Resort[J]. Annals of Tourism Research,2004,31(1):219-237.
[26]严春艳,甘巧林.旅游核心区与边缘区协同发展研究——以广东省为例[J].热带地理,2003,23(4):371-375.
[27]史春云,张捷,尤海梅,等.四川省旅游区域核心-边缘空间格局演变[J].地理学报,2007,62(6):631-639.
[28] WEAVER D B. Peripheries of the Periphery:Tourism in Tobago and Barbuda[J]. Annals of Tourism Research,1998,25(2):292-313.
[29]叶新才,袁春.泉台旅游空间发展:核心-边缘视角[J].地域研究与开发,2011,30(1):95-98.
[30]刘泽华,李海涛,史春云,等.短期旅游流时间分布对区域旅游空间结构的响应——以云南省黄金周旅游客流为例[J].地理学报,2010,65(12):1624-1632.
[31]牛亚菲,谢丽波,刘春凤.北京市旅游客流时空分布特征与调控对策[J].地理研究,2005,24(2):283-292.
[32]卞显红.城市旅游核心-边缘空间结构形成机制——基于协同发展视角[J].地域研究与开发,2009,28(1):67-71.
[33]骆培聪,张明锋.福建丹霞地貌旅游景区客流时间分布特性及其影响因素[J].地理科学,2010,30(3):377-383.
(1)最早提出的珠三角经济区10个市包括广州、深圳、珠海、佛山、南海、顺德、东莞、中山、江门、惠州。
(2)珠三角经济区9个市指广州、深圳、珠海、佛山、东莞、中山、江门、惠州、肇庆。
(3)珠江三角洲地区改革发展规划纲要(2008-2020年),国家发展和改革委员会,国务院,2008。
[2] BARON R. Seasonality in Tourism-Part II[J]. International Tourism Quarterly,1973(1):51-67.
[3] CHUNG J Y. Seasonality in Tourism:A Review[J]. e-Review of Tourism Research(eRTR),2009,7:82-96.
[4]李创新,马耀峰,贺雅坤,等. 1994—2008年西部入境旅游典型省份客流集散时空动态研究——以陕西、四川、云南为例[J].旅游学刊,2011,26(7):12-19.
[5]朱红兵,高峻.中国主要旅游城市入境旅游客流季节性研究[J].旅游论坛,2011,4(4):128-133.
[6] PETREVSKA B. Investigating Tourism Seasonality in Macedonia[J]. UTMS Journal of Economics,2013,4(1):37-44.
[7]刘海洋,王乃昂,叶宜好,等.我国沙漠旅游景区客流时空特征与影响因素——以鸣沙山、沙坡头、巴丹吉林为例[J].经济地理,2013,33(3):156-163.
[8]卢松,陆林,王莉,等.古村落旅游客流时间分布特征及其影响因素研究——以世界文化遗产西递、宏村为例[J].地理科学,2004,24(2):250-256.
[9] SALO A,GARRIGA A,VILA M,et al. Differences in Seasonal Price Patterns among Second Home Rentals and Hotels:Empirical Evidence and Practical Implications[J]. Tourism Economics,2012,18(4):731-747.
[10] ESPINET J,FLUVIA M,SAl O A. Hotel Characteristics and Seasonality in Prices:An Analysis Using Spanish Tour Operators’Brochures[J]. Tourism Economics,2012,18(4):749-767.
[11] BARON R R. The Measurement of Seasonality and Its Economic Impacts[J]. Tourism Economics,1999,5(4):437-458.
[12] VOLO S. Research Note:Seasonality in Sicilian Tourism Demand-An Exploratory Study[J]. Tourism Economics,2010,16(4):1073-1080.
[13] KARAMUSTAFA K,ULAMA S. Measuring the Seasonality in Tourism with the Comparison of Different Methods[J].Euromed Journal of Business,2010,5(2):191-214.
[14] VERGORI A S. Forecasting Tourism Demand:The Role of Seasonality[J]. Tourism Economics,2012,18(5):915-930.
[15] JANG S S. Mitigating Tourism Seasonality:A Quantitative Approach[J]. Annals of Tourism Research,2004,31(4):819-836.
[16] KOENIG-LEWIS N,BISCHOFF E E. Developing Effective Strategies for Tackling Seasonality in the Tourism Industry[J]. Tourism and Hospitality Planning&Development,2010,7(4):395-413.
[17]冯学钢,孙晓东,于秋阳.反季旅游与旅游季节性平衡:研究述评与启示[J].旅游学刊,2014,29(1):92-100.
[18] YU G,SCHWARTZ Z,WALSH J E. Climate Change and Tourism Seasonality[J]. Journal of Tourism,2010,11(2):51-65.
[19] KULENDRAN N,DWYER L. Modeling Seasonal Variation in Tourism Flows with Climate Variables[J].Tourism Analysis,2012,17(2):121-137.
[20] BECKEN S. Measuring the Effect of Weather on TourismA Destination-and-Activity-Based Analysis[J]. Journal of Travel Research,2013,52(2):156-167.
[21] BUTLER R W. Seasonality in Tourism:Issues and Problems[C]//Seaton A V. Tourism:The State of the Art.Chichester:Wiley,1994:332-339.
[22]张朝枝,保继刚.休假制度对遗产旅游地客流的影响——以武陵源为例[J].地理研究,2007,26(6):1295-1303.
[23]李飞.新休假制度对“黄金周”旅游客流的影响及其政策意义——来自国家假日办重点监测景区的证据[J].旅游学刊,2009,24(6):12-18.
[24]刘泽华,张捷,吴小根,等.特殊时段旅游客流时间分布对旅游地理结构响应研究——以北京、黄山、西安TDD黄金周旅游客流为例[J].人文地理,2010,25(1):129-133.
[25] PAPATHEODOROU A. Exploring the Evolution of Tourism Resort[J]. Annals of Tourism Research,2004,31(1):219-237.
[26]严春艳,甘巧林.旅游核心区与边缘区协同发展研究——以广东省为例[J].热带地理,2003,23(4):371-375.
[27]史春云,张捷,尤海梅,等.四川省旅游区域核心-边缘空间格局演变[J].地理学报,2007,62(6):631-639.
[28] WEAVER D B. Peripheries of the Periphery:Tourism in Tobago and Barbuda[J]. Annals of Tourism Research,1998,25(2):292-313.
[29]叶新才,袁春.泉台旅游空间发展:核心-边缘视角[J].地域研究与开发,2011,30(1):95-98.
[30]刘泽华,李海涛,史春云,等.短期旅游流时间分布对区域旅游空间结构的响应——以云南省黄金周旅游客流为例[J].地理学报,2010,65(12):1624-1632.
[31]牛亚菲,谢丽波,刘春凤.北京市旅游客流时空分布特征与调控对策[J].地理研究,2005,24(2):283-292.
[32]卞显红.城市旅游核心-边缘空间结构形成机制——基于协同发展视角[J].地域研究与开发,2009,28(1):67-71.
[33]骆培聪,张明锋.福建丹霞地貌旅游景区客流时间分布特性及其影响因素[J].地理科学,2010,30(3):377-383.
(1)最早提出的珠三角经济区10个市包括广州、深圳、珠海、佛山、南海、顺德、东莞、中山、江门、惠州。
(2)珠三角经济区9个市指广州、深圳、珠海、佛山、东莞、中山、江门、惠州、肇庆。
(3)珠江三角洲地区改革发展规划纲要(2008-2020年),国家发展和改革委员会,国务院,2008。