社区空巢老人领悟社会支持和心理韧性及自尊状况调查及其关系分析
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摘要
背景随着我国人口结构的变化、现代化发展的加快,社区空巢老人问题日益严峻。调查显示,空巢老人生活质量低,存在严重的心理问题,如何改善社区空巢老人的心理问题,提高其生活质量是今后研究的重点。目的调查社区空巢老人领悟社会支持、心理韧性及自尊状况,探讨领悟社会支持、心理韧性及自尊之间的关系。方法选取2016年12月在曲阜市曲阜师范大学教工社区居住的空巢老人及非空巢老人。采用一般情况调查表、领悟社会支持量表(PSSS)、心理韧性量表(CD-RISC)、Rosenberg自尊量表(RSES)对其进行调查。采用AMOS 20.0建立结构方程模型,采用中介效应分析程序分析领悟社会支持的中介效应。结果共发放问卷434份,回收434份,有效问卷400份,问卷有效回收率为92.2%,其中200名空巢老人,200名非空巢老人。空巢老人PSSS、CD-RISC、RSES评分分别为(56.5±5.3)、(86.5±8.4)、(27.3±2.4)分,低于非空巢老人的(63.8±6.1)、(91.6±9.1)、(32.4±3.2)分(t=12.65、5.86、11.37,P<0.001)。Pearson相关分析结果显示,PSSS与CD-RISC评分呈正相关(r=0.568,P<0.01),PSSS与RSES评分呈正相关(r=0.637,P<0.01),CD-RISC与RSES评分呈正相关(r=0.625,P<0.01)。中介效应分析显示,领悟社会支持在心理韧性与自尊之间的中介效应为0.335,Bootstrap检验显示,领悟社会支持作为中介效应的95%置信区间为(0.277,0.393)。结论社区空巢老人领悟社会支持、心理韧性及自尊状况不佳,领悟社会支持在心理韧性与自尊之间具有较强的中介作用,可通过提高领悟社会支持达到增强社区空巢老人自尊水平的目的。
Background With the change of population structure and the acceleration of modernization in China, the problem of empty nesters in community is becoming more and more serious. Previous survey studies show that empty nesters have low quality of life and serious psychological problems. How to improve the psychological problems of empty nesters in community and improve their quality of life is the focus of future research.Objective To evaluate the correlations of perceived social support,psychological resilience and self-esteem in empty nesters on the basis of a survey.Methods Empty nesters and non-empty nesters from Faculty Community of Qufu Normal University in Qufu City were recruited in December 2016.Demographic characteristics,levels of social support,psychological resilience and self-esteem were collected by a survey with the Demographic Questionnaire,Perceived Social Support Scale(PSSS),Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale(CD-RISC),and Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale(RSES).Structural equation model was established by AMOS 20.0.And mediation analysis was used to analyze the mediation effect of perceived social support.Results Of the 434 recruited individuals,400(including 200 empty nesters and 200 non-empty nesters) responded to the study questionnaires,achieving a response rate of 92.2%.Empty nesters demonstrated lower mean scores of PSSS [(56.5±5.3) vs(63.8±6.1)](t=12.65,P<0.001),CD-RISC [(86.5±8.4) vs(91.6±9.1)](t=5.86,P<0.001),and RSES [(27.3±2.4) vs(32.4±3.2)](t=11.37,P<0.001) compared with non-empty nesters.Pearson correlation analysis showed that PSSS was positively correlated with CD-RISC score(r=0.568,P<0.01),PSSS was positively correlated with RSES score(r=0.637,P<0.01),CD-RISC was positively correlated with RSES score(r=0.625,P<0.01).Mediation analysis revealed that the effect size of perceived social support between psychological resilience and self-esteem was 0.335,with a 95%CI(0.277,0.393) found by the Bootstrapping.Conclusion Empty nesters have poor levels of perceived social support,psychological resilience and self-esteem.Perceived social support exerts a strong mediating effect on the relationship between psychological resilience and self-esteem.Therefore,the self-esteem of this population can be enhanced by raising the perceived social support.
Background With the change of population structure and the acceleration of modernization in China, the problem of empty nesters in community is becoming more and more serious. Previous survey studies show that empty nesters have low quality of life and serious psychological problems. How to improve the psychological problems of empty nesters in community and improve their quality of life is the focus of future research.Objective To evaluate the correlations of perceived social support,psychological resilience and self-esteem in empty nesters on the basis of a survey.Methods Empty nesters and non-empty nesters from Faculty Community of Qufu Normal University in Qufu City were recruited in December 2016.Demographic characteristics,levels of social support,psychological resilience and self-esteem were collected by a survey with the Demographic Questionnaire,Perceived Social Support Scale(PSSS),Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale(CD-RISC),and Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale(RSES).Structural equation model was established by AMOS 20.0.And mediation analysis was used to analyze the mediation effect of perceived social support.Results Of the 434 recruited individuals,400(including 200 empty nesters and 200 non-empty nesters) responded to the study questionnaires,achieving a response rate of 92.2%.Empty nesters demonstrated lower mean scores of PSSS [(56.5±5.3) vs(63.8±6.1)](t=12.65,P<0.001),CD-RISC [(86.5±8.4) vs(91.6±9.1)](t=5.86,P<0.001),and RSES [(27.3±2.4) vs(32.4±3.2)](t=11.37,P<0.001) compared with non-empty nesters.Pearson correlation analysis showed that PSSS was positively correlated with CD-RISC score(r=0.568,P<0.01),PSSS was positively correlated with RSES score(r=0.637,P<0.01),CD-RISC was positively correlated with RSES score(r=0.625,P<0.01).Mediation analysis revealed that the effect size of perceived social support between psychological resilience and self-esteem was 0.335,with a 95%CI(0.277,0.393) found by the Bootstrapping.Conclusion Empty nesters have poor levels of perceived social support,psychological resilience and self-esteem.Perceived social support exerts a strong mediating effect on the relationship between psychological resilience and self-esteem.Therefore,the self-esteem of this population can be enhanced by raising the perceived social support.
引文
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