山地复杂构造倒转背斜地震剖面反射特征及油气成藏分析
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摘要
中国西部山地复杂构造的倒转背斜是重要的含油气构造类型之一。高陡复杂构造区许多失利井,与倒转背斜的地质特点及其地震剖面反射特征认识不足有关。依据地面地质、钻井和测井资料建立倒转背斜模式,采用模型正演和偏移技术分析不同类型倒转背斜的地震响应特征,建立在地震剖面上识别倒转背斜的模式和方法,有助于在地震剖面上查明倒转背斜形态。具有较高信噪比的山地复杂构造,叠前深度偏移剖面能很好地反映出倒转背斜形态。倒转背斜正常翼地层剥蚀程度低,埋藏深度适中,可成为良好的油气圈闭;倒转翼地层陡倾,断块发育,油气成藏条件差;倒转翼下方潜伏背斜保存条件好,是油气聚集有利场所,油气勘探效果良好。
The reversed anticline is one of the most important hydrocarbon-bearing structures in the mountainous area in western China. Many wells drilled in the steep and complicated structures failed, largely due to insufficient understanding on the geological and seismic reflection characteristics of the reversed anticlines. Based on surface geology, drilling and well logging data, different modes of reversed anticlines were established, then the seismic response features of different types of reversed anticlines were analyzed through forward modeling and migration, and finally the reversed anticlines were recognized based on seismic sections. This method is helpful to identifying the forms of the reversed anticlines. For the complicated mountainous structures with seismic data with high SNR, pre-stack depth migration sections can clearly show the forms of the reversed anticlines. If the normal limb of the reversed anticline is less denuded and moderately buried, it may be a good hydrocarbon trap. If the limb is steep and faults are developed, the conditions for hydrocarbon accumulation may be poor. The buried anticlines beneath the reversed limb have good preservation conditions favorable for hydrocarbon accumulation, so they are promising targets for hydrocarbon exploration.
The reversed anticline is one of the most important hydrocarbon-bearing structures in the mountainous area in western China. Many wells drilled in the steep and complicated structures failed, largely due to insufficient understanding on the geological and seismic reflection characteristics of the reversed anticlines. Based on surface geology, drilling and well logging data, different modes of reversed anticlines were established, then the seismic response features of different types of reversed anticlines were analyzed through forward modeling and migration, and finally the reversed anticlines were recognized based on seismic sections. This method is helpful to identifying the forms of the reversed anticlines. For the complicated mountainous structures with seismic data with high SNR, pre-stack depth migration sections can clearly show the forms of the reversed anticlines. If the normal limb of the reversed anticline is less denuded and moderately buried, it may be a good hydrocarbon trap. If the limb is steep and faults are developed, the conditions for hydrocarbon accumulation may be poor. The buried anticlines beneath the reversed limb have good preservation conditions favorable for hydrocarbon accumulation, so they are promising targets for hydrocarbon exploration.
引文
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[2]贾承造,何登发,雷震宇.前陆冲断带油气勘探[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2004.Jia Chengzao,He Dengfa,Lei Zhenyu.Oil and gas exploration in foreland thrust belt[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2004.
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[4]梁顺军,彭更新,杨洪德,张敬洲,崔永福,向东.库车与川东高陡复杂构造地震勘探的可比性[J].中国石油勘探,2005,10(5):20-27.Liang Shunjun,Peng Gengxin,Yang Hongde,Zhang Jingzhou,Cui Yongfu,Xiang Dong.Comparability of seismic exploration for high steep complex structures in Kuqa and Eastern Sichuan[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2005,10(5):20-27.
[5]王鼐,魏国齐,杨威,王秀姣.川西北构造样式特征及其油气地质意义[J].中国石油勘探,2016,21(6):26-33.Wang Nai,Wei Guoqi,Yang Wei,Wang Xiujiao.Characteristics and geological significance of structural patterns in northwest Sichuan Basin.China Petroleum Exploration,2016,21(6):26-33.
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[11]肖宇,梁顺军,倪华玲,吴育林,汪少华,许勇,等.有关山地地震勘探构造成果的钻探失利井诠释与解析[J].中国石油勘探,2013,18(4):26-35.Xiao Yu,Liang Shunjun,Ni Hualing,Wu Yulin,Wang Shaohua,Xu Yong,et al.Interpretation and analysis about drilling failure based on mountainous seismic exploration results[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2013,18(4):26-35.
[12]梁顺军,张晓斌,肖宇,欧阳明华,李乐,屈伯章,等.地震解释井位跟踪分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2012,47(2):315-322.Liang Shunjun,Zhang Xiaobin,Xiao Yu,Ouyang Minghua,Li Le,Qu Bozhang,et al.Seismic interpretation result updating with well information[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2012,47(2):315-322.
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[14]梁顺军.背斜顶部凸界面反射特征分析[J].石油物探,1999,38(3):58-66.Liang Shunjun.Analysis of the reflection characteristics of the convex interface at the top of the anticline[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,1999,38(3):58-66.
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[16]梁顺军.用地面小褶曲辅助地震资料构造解释[J].天然气工业,1991,11(2):16-21.Liang Shunjun.Structural interpretation of seismic data assisted by small ground folds[J].Natural Gas Industry,1991,11(2):16-21.
[17]梁顺军.地震剖面上的断层分析及相关意义[J].石油地球物理勘探,1999,34(5):560-568.Liang Shunjun.Fault analysis and fault correlation in seismic section[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,1999,34(5):560-568.
[18]梁顺军,肖宇.潜伏背斜圈闭优选在强烈挤压断褶区油气勘探的重要性分析[J].中国石油勘探,2013,18(1):1-14.Liang Shunjun,Xiao Yu.The importance of latent trap in the intense compression fault zone oil gas exploration[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2013,18(1):1-14.
[19]梁顺军,梁霄,杨晓,程绪太,卢波,吴育林,等.地震勘探技术发展在库车前陆盆地潜伏背斜气田群发现中的实践与意义[J].中国石油勘探,2016,21(6):98-109.Liang Shunjun,Liang Xiao,Yang Xiao,Cheng Xutai,Lu Bo,Wu Yulin,et al.Development of seismic exploration technologies and its significance for the discovery of gas field clusters in the buried anticlines,Kuqa foreland basin[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2016,21(6):98-109.
[20]党录瑞,李瑜,郑超,李爽,朱宜新,文其兵.云安厂构造带地质特征及下一步勘探目标[J].天然气工业,2009,29(10):17-20.Dang Lurui,Li Yu,Zheng Chao,Li Shuang,Zhu Yixin,Wen Qibing.Geologic characteristics of Yunanchang structural zone and the targets for future exploration[J].Natural Gas Industry,2009,29(10):17-20.
[21]陈宗清.川东大池干井构造带石炭系天然气藏与再探目标评价[J].中国海上油气(地质),1999,13(4):276-281.Chen Zongqing.Re-evaluation of Carboniferous gas pools on Dachiganjing Structural zone of eastern Sichuan[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas(Geology),1999,13(4):276-281.
[22]王招明,谢会文,李勇.库车前陆冲断带深层盐下大气田的勘探和发现[J].中国石油勘探,2013,18(3):1-11.Wang Zhaoming,Xie Huiwen,Li Yong.Exploration and discovery of large and deep subsalt gas fields in Kuqa foreland thrust belt[J].China Petroleum exploration,2013,18(3):1-11.
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