紫花苜蓿的营养特性及在猪生产中的应用研究进展
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摘要
紫花苜蓿作为一种高蛋白质植食性饲料,不仅能够为动物生长、生产提供能量,同时所含的日粮纤维、生物活性物质也在动物生长过程中具有独特作用,能够促进动物生长发育、增强动物体抵抗力、减少疾病发生、改善肉品质、提高胴体重和瘦肉率、提高生产性能和繁殖性能。文章对紫花苜蓿的营养特性、生物活性成分及其在养猪生产中的应用和研究进展作以概述。
As a high-protein herbivorous feed, alfalfa can not only provide energy for animal growth and production, but also contains dietary fiber and biologically active substances that have a unique role in animal growth and can promote animal growth and development, enhance the resistance of animals, reduce the occurrence of diseases, improve the quality of meat, increase carcass weight and lean meat, improve production performance and reproductive performance. This article summarized the nutritional properties, bioactive components of alfalfa and its latest applications and research in pig production.
As a high-protein herbivorous feed, alfalfa can not only provide energy for animal growth and production, but also contains dietary fiber and biologically active substances that have a unique role in animal growth and can promote animal growth and development, enhance the resistance of animals, reduce the occurrence of diseases, improve the quality of meat, increase carcass weight and lean meat, improve production performance and reproductive performance. This article summarized the nutritional properties, bioactive components of alfalfa and its latest applications and research in pig production.
引文
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[38]孔凡勇,许娅虹,周仕钰,等.紫花苜蓿对DLY生长育肥猪生长性能及胴体品质影响试验[C].云南省科协学术年会暨红河流域发展论坛,2016.
[39]石建凯,石晓琳,张攀,等.饲粮纤维对后备母猪卵母细胞质量的影响及其作用机制[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(8):2 630-2 635.
[40]冯冬冬.日粮纤维水平对妊娠母猪繁殖性能的影响[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2010.
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[2]萨其仍贵.奶牛主要饲料原料纤维物质和蛋白质瘤胃降解特性的研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2009.
[3]贺忠勇,葛孔福,冯晋芳,等.紫花苜蓿产品的营养特性及其在奶牛生产中的应用[J].中国奶牛,2014(8):45-48.
[4]侯玉洁,徐俊,曾柳根,等.紫花苜蓿的营养特性及其在养猪生产中的应用研究进展[J].养猪,2016(2):25-30.
[5]Givens D I,Cottrill B R,Davies M,et al.Corrigendum to"Sources of N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids additional to fish oil for livestock diets-a review"[J].Nutrition Abstracts&Reviews,2000,70(1):1-19.
[6]潘卫仓.紫花苜蓿在畜禽饲粮中的应用[J].国外畜牧学-猪与禽,2015,35(1):70-72.
[7]魏青山.紫花苜蓿的营养价值分析[J].农技服务,2007,24(10):83-84.
[8]Noblet J,Goff G L.Effect of dietary fibre on the energy value of feeds for pigs[J].Animal Feed Science&Technology,2001,83(1):35-52.
[9]Dubois S,Milgen J V,Noblet J.Influence of dietary fibre level on digestive and metabolicutilisation of energy in growing and finishing pigs[J].Annales De Zootechnie,2002,51(3):245-259.
[10]杨玉芬.日粮纤维对于猪不同生长阶段消化生理和生产性能的研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2001.
[11]Serena A,Hedemann M S,Bach Knudsen K E.Influence of dietary fiber on luminal environment and morphology in the small and large intestine of sows[J].Journal of Animal Science,2008,86(9):2 217-2 227.
[12]高巍,孟庆翔.生长育肥猪后肠纤维分解菌的数量及微生物发酵作用[J].动物营养学报,2002,14(2):33-36.
[13]Lin B,Gong J,Wang Q,et al.In-vitro,assessment of the effects of dietary fibers on microbial fermentation and communities from large intestinal digesta of pigs[J].Food Hydrocolloids,2011,25(2):180-188.
[14]Wilfart A,Montagne L H,Noblet J,et al.Digesta transit in different segments of the gastrointestinal tract of pigs as affected by insoluble fibre supplied by wheat bran[J].British Journal of Nutrition,2007,98(1):54-62.
[15]徐向阳,王成章,杨雨鑫,等.苜蓿草粉对生长猪生产性能及血清指标的影响[J].华中农业大学学报,2006,25(2):164-169.
[16]赵坤,李敬玺,张慧辉,等.苜蓿多糖对猪瘟兔化弱毒疫苗免疫效果的影响[J].河南农业大学学报,2005,39(4):425-429.
[17]张世军,王三虎,赵坤.苜蓿多糖对猪瘟兔化弱毒疫苗免疫应答强化作用的研究[J].河南农业科学,2003,32(10):57-60.
[18]周宪河,张春梅,梁峰.紫花苜蓿的营养价值及其在畜牧业上的应用[J].饲料广角,2011(19):39-41.
[19]马麟,周海玲,龚又明,等.野艾蒿中黄酮类成分的研究[J].中药新药与临床药理,2012,23(5):555-557.
[20]胡明,卢德勋,牛文艺,等.苜蓿皂甙及其生物活性[J].中国畜牧兽医,2007,34(1):9-12.
[21]孙彦,龙瑞才,张铁军,等.紫花苜蓿皂苷研究进展[J].草业学报,2013,22(3):274-283.
[22]Yu C H,Xie G,He R R,et al.Effects of a purified saponin mixture from alfalfa on plasma lipid metabolism in hyperlipidemic mice[J].Eisei Kagaku,2011,57(5):401-405.
[23]王成章,王彦华,史莹华,等.苜蓿皂苷对断奶仔猪脂质代谢、抗氧化和免疫的影响[J].草业学报,2011,20(4):210-218.
[24]Donalson L M,Kim W K,Woodward C L,et al.Utilizing different ratios of alfalfa and layer ration for molt induction and performance in commercial laying hens[J].Poultry Science,2005,84(3):362-369.
[25]Zhu X F,Zhang H X,A,Lo R.Phenolic Compounds from the leaf extract of artichoke(Cynara scolymus L.)and their antimicrobial activities[J].J Agric Food Chem,2004,52(24):7 272-7 278.
[26]周艳.杜仲叶多酚提取物对猪肉品质及绿原酸缓解肝—肠损伤研究[D].南昌:南昌大学,2015.
[27]刘景环,玉永雄,周群,等.苜蓿替代部分豆粕对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响[J].国外畜牧学-猪与禽,2010,30(2):60-62.
[28]许娅虹,孔凡勇,周仕钰,等.紫花苜蓿鲜草对杜长大仔猪生长性能及血液理化指标的影响[J].养猪,2014(2):9-12.
[29]沈桃花,李雁冰,张敏.苜蓿草粉在仔猪日粮中的应用[J].饲料研究,2006(12):42-44.
[30]同文江,曹社会,马健.苜蓿叶粉对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2006,34(12):2 743-2 745.
[31]侯生珍,宋永鸿.饲粮中添加不同比例苜蓿草粉对仔猪增重效果的影响[J].青海大学学报:自然科学版,2005,23(2):56.
[32]于康.膳食纤维及其在慢性疾病防治中的作用[J].中国食物与营养,2006(1):49-52.
[33]周萍芳.苜蓿黄酮提取物对麻鸡生产性能及脂肪沉积的影响[D].南昌:江西农业大学,2011.
[34]胡向前.苜蓿草粉及日粮粗蛋白水平对猪胴体品质和肉质的影响[D].重庆:西南大学,2006.
[35]李宝贵,王永树,江浩,等.紫花苜蓿粉取代豆粕对猪育肥效果观察[J].畜禽业,2009(7):12-14.
[36]王守福.日粮中添加苜蓿对育肥猪增重效果的试验研究[J].养殖与饲料,2011(6):55-56.
[37]王明进,许万里,李雷,等.日粮中添加紫花苜蓿对猪育肥效果影响的研究[J].中国畜牧杂志,2016,52(10):62-64,67.
[38]孔凡勇,许娅虹,周仕钰,等.紫花苜蓿对DLY生长育肥猪生长性能及胴体品质影响试验[C].云南省科协学术年会暨红河流域发展论坛,2016.
[39]石建凯,石晓琳,张攀,等.饲粮纤维对后备母猪卵母细胞质量的影响及其作用机制[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(8):2 630-2 635.
[40]冯冬冬.日粮纤维水平对妊娠母猪繁殖性能的影响[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2010.
[41]Campbell B K,Dobson H,Baird D T,et al.Examination of the relative role of FSH and LH in the mechanism of ovulatory follicle selection in sheep[J].J Reprod Fertil,1999,117(2):355-367.
[42]武书庚,郑君杰,齐广海.妊娠母猪饲粮的粗纤维营养[J].养猪,2002(1):19-21.
[43]杨灿,贺建华,范志勇.日粮纤维对繁殖母猪生产性能和行为的影响[J].饲料研究,2007(7):6-10.
[44]Holt J P,Johnston L J,Baidoo S K,et al.Effects of a high-fiber diet and frequent feeding on behavior,reproductive performance,and nutrient digestibility in gestating sows[J].Journal of Animal Science,2006,84(4):946-955.
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