复合植物提取物对奶牛产奶量、乳成分和血液指标的影响
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摘要
本试验旨在研究日粮中添加复合植物提取物对奶牛产奶量、乳成分和血液生理生化指标的影响。选择25～27月龄、1胎、泌乳天数(67±1) d、产奶量(32±5) kg/d且健康的泌乳高峰期荷斯坦奶牛40头,随机分为对照组和试验组,每组20个重复,每个重复1头牛。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组饲喂基础日粮+1g/(d·头)复合植物提取物(每克含辣椒油树脂3.5%、肉桂醛5.5%、丁香酚9.5%)。试验预试期3d,正试期60 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,试验组奶牛产奶量提高2.37%(P>0.05);日粮添加复合植物提取物有降低牛奶体细胞数、尿素氮含量的趋势(P>0.05);与对照组相比,试验组奶牛血常规指标、血清生理生化指标差异均不显著(P>0.05)。在本试验条件下,日粮添加1 g/(d·头)复合植物提取物能够在一定程度上提高奶牛产奶量、降低牛奶体细胞数和尿素氮含量,但不影响血液生理状态。
This experiment was conducted to study the effects of compound plant extracts on milk production, milk composition and blood indexes in dairy cows. A total of forty Holstein dairy cows were selected according to 25～27 months old, first fetus, lactation stage(67±1 d), milk yield(32±5 kg/d) and randomly assigned into two groups(control and test group)with 20 cows per group. The supplement levels of compound plant extracts(each gram contains 3.5% capsicum oleoresin,5.5% cinnamaldehyde and 9.5% eugenol) in control group and test group were 0 and 1 g/(d.head), respectively. The pretest lasted for 3 days, and the test lasted for 60 days. The results showed as follows: Compared with the control group, the milk production was increased by 2.37% in the test group(P>0.05). Adding compound plant extracts had a tendency to decrease SCC and MUN content(P>0.05). There was no significant difference in blood indexes between the test group and the control group(P>0.05). In this experiment, dietary supplementation of 1 g/(d head) compound plant extract could increase milk production and decrease SCC and MUN to some extent, but did not affect the blood physiological state.
This experiment was conducted to study the effects of compound plant extracts on milk production, milk composition and blood indexes in dairy cows. A total of forty Holstein dairy cows were selected according to 25～27 months old, first fetus, lactation stage(67±1 d), milk yield(32±5 kg/d) and randomly assigned into two groups(control and test group)with 20 cows per group. The supplement levels of compound plant extracts(each gram contains 3.5% capsicum oleoresin,5.5% cinnamaldehyde and 9.5% eugenol) in control group and test group were 0 and 1 g/(d.head), respectively. The pretest lasted for 3 days, and the test lasted for 60 days. The results showed as follows: Compared with the control group, the milk production was increased by 2.37% in the test group(P>0.05). Adding compound plant extracts had a tendency to decrease SCC and MUN content(P>0.05). There was no significant difference in blood indexes between the test group and the control group(P>0.05). In this experiment, dietary supplementation of 1 g/(d head) compound plant extract could increase milk production and decrease SCC and MUN to some extent, but did not affect the blood physiological state.
引文
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[2]Karadas F, Pirgozliev V, Rose S P, et al. Dietary essential oilsimprove the hepatic antioxidative status of broiler chickens[J]. BrPoult Sci, 2014, 55(3):329-334.
[3]Liu Y, Song M, Che T M, et al. Effects of capsicum oleoresin,garlic botanical, and turmeric oleoresin on gene expressionprofile of ileal mucosa in weaned pigs[J]. J Anim Sci, 2014,92(8):3426.
[4]Liu Y, Song M, Che T M, et al. Dietary plant extracts modulategene expression profiles in ileal mucosa of weaned pigs after anEscherichia coli infection[J]. J Anim Sci, 2014, 92(5):2050-2062.
[5]Cardozo P W, Calsamiglia S, Ferret A, et al. Effects of alfalfaextract, anise, capsicum, and a mixture of cinnamaldehyde andeugenol on ruminal fermentation and protein degradation in beefheifers fed a high-concentrate diet[J]. J Anim Sci, 2006, 84(10):2801.
[6]Rodríguez-Prado M, Ferret A, Zwieten J, et al. Effects of dietaryaddition of capsicum extract on intake, water consumption, andrumen fermentation of fattening heifers fed a high-concentratediet[J]. J Anim Sci, 2012, 90(6):1879.
[7]李世宏,杨亚军,刘希望,等.丁香酚在畜牧业生产中的应用[J].中国草食动物科学, 2015, 35(5):68-71.
[8]周明,陈征义,申书婷.肉桂醛的研究进展[J].经济动物学报,2015, 19(1):1-5.
[9]张成喜,刘开东,孙国强.肉桂醛对奶牛尿中嘌呤衍生物排出量、产奶性能和氮排泄的影响[J].动物营养学报, 2017, 29(6):2010-2017.
[10]Oh J, Giallongo F, Frederick T, et al. Effects of dietary Capsicumoleoresin on productivity and immune responses in lactatingdairy cows[J]. J Dairy Sci, 2015, 98(9):6327.
[11]Oh J, Harper M, Giallongo F, et al. Effects of rumen-protectedCapsicum oleoresin on productivity and responses to a glucosetolerance test in lactating dairy cows[J]. J Dairy Sci, 2017, 100(3):1888-1901.
[12]Oh J, Hristov A N, Lee C, et al. Immune and production resp-onses of dairy cows to postruminal supplementation withphytonutrients[J]. J Dairy Sci, 2013, 96(12):7830-7843.
[13]Benchaar C. Diet supplementation with cinnamon oil, cinna-maldehyde, or monensin does not reduce enteric methaneproduction of dairy cows[J]. Animal, 2016, 10(3):418-425.
[14]Tekippe J A, Tacoma R, Hristov A N, et al. Effect of essentialoils on ruminal fermentation and lactation performance of dairycows.[J]. J Dairy Sci, 2013, 96(12):7892-7903.
[15]Wall E H, Doane P H, Donkin S S, et al. The effects of supp-lementation with a blend of cinnamaldehyde and eugenol on feedintake and milk production of dairy cows[J]. J Dairy Sci, 2014,97(9):5709-5717.
[16]魏琳琳,杨继业,秦雪,等.季节、胎次、泌乳时期与奶牛产奶量及乳成分的相关分析[J].中国奶牛, 2015(19-20):10-14.
[17]张宇.血常规检测的临床意义[J].中国医药指南, 2012, 10(17):390-391.
[18]扈添琴,韩兆玉,王群,等.酶制剂和植物甾醇复合物对泌乳奶牛生产性能和血清指标的影响[J].动物营养学报, 2014, 26(1):236-244.
[19]史仁煌,毛江,杜云,等.杜仲素对泌乳高峰期奶牛瘤胃发酵和血清指标的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志, 2015, 51(7):37-41.
[20]威廉·C·雷布汉.奶牛疾病学[M].北京:中国农大出版社, 2003.
[21]林静,赵鑫源,都文,等.复合酶制剂对泌乳奶牛瘤胃发酵、营养物质表观消化率及生产性能的影响[J].动物营养学报, 2017,29(6):2124-2133.
[22]褚海义,李亚奎,刘贵河,等.不同水平苜蓿干草对奶牛消化代谢及血液指标的影响[J].畜牧与兽医, 2016, 48(6):73-76.
[23]吴端钦,魏仲珊,高帅,等.苎麻青贮替代苜蓿干草对奶牛生产性能、乳成分及血清指标的影响[J].动物营养学报, 2017, 29(5):1645-1651.
[24]康蓉.不同日粮模式对泌乳中期奶牛生产性能、血液生化指标及泌乳相关激素的影响[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学, 2014.
[25]程郁昕.不同阶段和体况荷斯坦奶牛血清离子浓度的测定及分析[J].当代畜牧, 2015(11):42-44.
[26]宋平.不同饲养方式下奶牛血液生化指标测定与分析[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学, 2007.
[27]史仁煌,董双钊,付瑶,等.饲粮中性洗涤纤维水平对泌乳高峰期奶牛生产性能、营养物质表观消化率及血清指标的影响[J].动物营养学报, 2015, 27(8):2414-2422.
[28]陶新,孙雨晴,门小明,等.复合植物提取物替代饲用抗生素对断奶仔猪生长性能和血清指标的影响[J].动物营养学报, 2018,30(1):163-169.
[29]丁宏标,崔海滨,吴秀丽,等.辣椒碱饲料添加剂的功能和应用[J].饲料工业, 2018(11):1-5.
[2]Karadas F, Pirgozliev V, Rose S P, et al. Dietary essential oilsimprove the hepatic antioxidative status of broiler chickens[J]. BrPoult Sci, 2014, 55(3):329-334.
[3]Liu Y, Song M, Che T M, et al. Effects of capsicum oleoresin,garlic botanical, and turmeric oleoresin on gene expressionprofile of ileal mucosa in weaned pigs[J]. J Anim Sci, 2014,92(8):3426.
[4]Liu Y, Song M, Che T M, et al. Dietary plant extracts modulategene expression profiles in ileal mucosa of weaned pigs after anEscherichia coli infection[J]. J Anim Sci, 2014, 92(5):2050-2062.
[5]Cardozo P W, Calsamiglia S, Ferret A, et al. Effects of alfalfaextract, anise, capsicum, and a mixture of cinnamaldehyde andeugenol on ruminal fermentation and protein degradation in beefheifers fed a high-concentrate diet[J]. J Anim Sci, 2006, 84(10):2801.
[6]Rodríguez-Prado M, Ferret A, Zwieten J, et al. Effects of dietaryaddition of capsicum extract on intake, water consumption, andrumen fermentation of fattening heifers fed a high-concentratediet[J]. J Anim Sci, 2012, 90(6):1879.
[7]李世宏,杨亚军,刘希望,等.丁香酚在畜牧业生产中的应用[J].中国草食动物科学, 2015, 35(5):68-71.
[8]周明,陈征义,申书婷.肉桂醛的研究进展[J].经济动物学报,2015, 19(1):1-5.
[9]张成喜,刘开东,孙国强.肉桂醛对奶牛尿中嘌呤衍生物排出量、产奶性能和氮排泄的影响[J].动物营养学报, 2017, 29(6):2010-2017.
[10]Oh J, Giallongo F, Frederick T, et al. Effects of dietary Capsicumoleoresin on productivity and immune responses in lactatingdairy cows[J]. J Dairy Sci, 2015, 98(9):6327.
[11]Oh J, Harper M, Giallongo F, et al. Effects of rumen-protectedCapsicum oleoresin on productivity and responses to a glucosetolerance test in lactating dairy cows[J]. J Dairy Sci, 2017, 100(3):1888-1901.
[12]Oh J, Hristov A N, Lee C, et al. Immune and production resp-onses of dairy cows to postruminal supplementation withphytonutrients[J]. J Dairy Sci, 2013, 96(12):7830-7843.
[13]Benchaar C. Diet supplementation with cinnamon oil, cinna-maldehyde, or monensin does not reduce enteric methaneproduction of dairy cows[J]. Animal, 2016, 10(3):418-425.
[14]Tekippe J A, Tacoma R, Hristov A N, et al. Effect of essentialoils on ruminal fermentation and lactation performance of dairycows.[J]. J Dairy Sci, 2013, 96(12):7892-7903.
[15]Wall E H, Doane P H, Donkin S S, et al. The effects of supp-lementation with a blend of cinnamaldehyde and eugenol on feedintake and milk production of dairy cows[J]. J Dairy Sci, 2014,97(9):5709-5717.
[16]魏琳琳,杨继业,秦雪,等.季节、胎次、泌乳时期与奶牛产奶量及乳成分的相关分析[J].中国奶牛, 2015(19-20):10-14.
[17]张宇.血常规检测的临床意义[J].中国医药指南, 2012, 10(17):390-391.
[18]扈添琴,韩兆玉,王群,等.酶制剂和植物甾醇复合物对泌乳奶牛生产性能和血清指标的影响[J].动物营养学报, 2014, 26(1):236-244.
[19]史仁煌,毛江,杜云,等.杜仲素对泌乳高峰期奶牛瘤胃发酵和血清指标的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志, 2015, 51(7):37-41.
[20]威廉·C·雷布汉.奶牛疾病学[M].北京:中国农大出版社, 2003.
[21]林静,赵鑫源,都文,等.复合酶制剂对泌乳奶牛瘤胃发酵、营养物质表观消化率及生产性能的影响[J].动物营养学报, 2017,29(6):2124-2133.
[22]褚海义,李亚奎,刘贵河,等.不同水平苜蓿干草对奶牛消化代谢及血液指标的影响[J].畜牧与兽医, 2016, 48(6):73-76.
[23]吴端钦,魏仲珊,高帅,等.苎麻青贮替代苜蓿干草对奶牛生产性能、乳成分及血清指标的影响[J].动物营养学报, 2017, 29(5):1645-1651.
[24]康蓉.不同日粮模式对泌乳中期奶牛生产性能、血液生化指标及泌乳相关激素的影响[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学, 2014.
[25]程郁昕.不同阶段和体况荷斯坦奶牛血清离子浓度的测定及分析[J].当代畜牧, 2015(11):42-44.
[26]宋平.不同饲养方式下奶牛血液生化指标测定与分析[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学, 2007.
[27]史仁煌,董双钊,付瑶,等.饲粮中性洗涤纤维水平对泌乳高峰期奶牛生产性能、营养物质表观消化率及血清指标的影响[J].动物营养学报, 2015, 27(8):2414-2422.
[28]陶新,孙雨晴,门小明,等.复合植物提取物替代饲用抗生素对断奶仔猪生长性能和血清指标的影响[J].动物营养学报, 2018,30(1):163-169.
[29]丁宏标,崔海滨,吴秀丽,等.辣椒碱饲料添加剂的功能和应用[J].饲料工业, 2018(11):1-5.