不同基质和促根剂对灰木莲嫩枝扦插生根的影响
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摘要
【目的】灰木莲在我国自然状态下只开花很难结实,即使少量结实,种实畸形,芽苗质量较差,而引进的种子品质参差不齐,在一定程度上制约了该树种人工资源的培育和开发利用。用不同促根剂处理灰木莲嫩枝插穗扦插于不同基质,初步筛选合适的生根基质,以及适宜的促根剂种类、浓度及处理时间。【方法】以灰木莲当年生枝条为试验材料,剪取中上部枝条做插穗,长8～10 cm,去除顶芽,每个插穗保留上部3个叶片,每片叶保留约1/4,用ABT-1号生根粉1 000 mg/L溶液处理插穗10 s,分别扦插于泥炭、蛭石、珍珠岩、黄泥土、河沙基质,以及V(珍珠岩)∶V(蛭石)=1∶1、V(珍珠岩)∶V(泥炭)=1∶1、V(珍珠岩)∶V(泥炭)=3∶1、V(泥炭)∶V(蛭石)=1∶1、V(泥炭)∶V(蛭石)=3∶1等5种复合基质,共10种基质,研究不同类型基质对插穗生根的影响。采用正交试验设计,选用ABT-1号、IBA和IAA 3种促根剂,每种促根剂设计500、1 000、1 500 mg/L 3个质量浓度梯度,处理时间为10 s、1 min、30 min,扦插在V(泥炭)∶V(蛭石)=3∶1的复合基质中,研究促根剂种类、质量浓度和处理时间对灰木莲嫩枝插穗生根的影响。扦插完成后,抽样观测插穗切口及形态变化,统计愈伤组织产生的时间、插穗开始生根及大量生根的时间;4个月后进行移栽并同时调查统计生根率、生根数量、平均根长、最长根长,并结合根系效果指数法对生根效果进行综合评价。【结果】灰木莲插穗的生根过程大致可分为4个阶段:①0～15 d,切口愈合,诱导及生成愈伤组织;②≥15～40 d,愈伤组织逐渐增多;③≥40～60 d,不定根从皮部或愈伤处生出;④60 d以后,不定根大量增多。插穗生根类型以皮部生根型为主,兼具愈伤组织生根型和混合生根型(即愈伤组织部位和皮部均有不定根生成)。以V(泥炭)∶V(蛭石)=3∶1为最佳生根基质,插穗生根率为47.92%,生根数量为8.03,根长为5.20 cm,根系效果指数达到1.310,生根效果最好。正交试验表明:对生根效果产生影响的因素主次顺序为处理时间>促根剂种类>促根剂浓度;用质量浓度为1 000 mg/L的IBA处理插穗基部10 s时,生根率达到51.07%,根长为5.53 cm,根数为5.6条,根系效果指数可达到0.972。【结论】用灰木莲当年生嫩枝作插穗可进行扦插繁殖;复合基质促进插穗生根的效果显著优于单一基质;综合考虑选用质量浓度为1 500 mg/L的IBA处理插穗基部10 s,得到的扦插生根效果可能会更好。
【Objective】In southern China, Manglietia conifera Dandy trees flower normally; however, seed production is extremely low. Even if a small number of seeds can be obtained, the seeds are deformed and the quality of seedlings is poor. These conditions limit the cultivation and utilization of this species. Cutting propagation is an effective method for rapid propagation of many tree species. However, this propagation technique has not previously been examined for M. conifera in China. This research aimed to determine suitable growing medium and appropriate root hormone type, concentration, and treatment time through the utilization of different substrates and hormones to treat softwood cuttings. 【Method】The middle and upper plant segments, approximately 8-10 cm in length, from one-year-old branches were used as cutting materials. Each cutting had the terminal bud removed and consisted of three upper leaves with a quarter area of each leaf being retained. In order to study the influence of different substrates, the cuttings were treated with ABT-1 of 1 000 mg/L rooting solution for 10 s and planted in ten different substrates including peat, vermiculite, perlite, yellow soil, river sand and mixtures by volume of 1∶1 perlite and vermiculite, 1∶1 perlite and peat, 3∶1 perlite and peat, 1∶1 peat and vermiculite, and 3∶1 peat and vermiculite. For the purpose of studying the effect of different types and concentrations of hormones with treatment time, the experiment was conducted using an orthogonal design L_(9 )(3~3), and the cuttings were treated with either ABT-1, IBA, or IAA solutions at three concentration gradients(500, 1 000 and 1 500 mg/L) for 10 s, 1 min or 30 min, and inserted into substrate of 3∶1 peat and vermiculite by volume. Observations were made on the formation of callus tissue and emergence of roots. Four months after the treatments, cutting seedlings were transplanted into pots. Rooting rate, number of roots, mean root length, and the longest root length were counted and calculated. The effect of rooting was comprehensively evaluated by the root effect index. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0, and Duncan's Multiple Range Test was used to determine significant differences between treatment means.【Result】The rooting process of cuttings could be divided into four stages as follows: ① 0-15 d, cut wounds were healed and callus tissue formed; ② ≥15-40 d, callus tissue gradually increased; ③ ≥40-60 d, adventitious roots originated from the bark and also callus tissue; ④ following 60 d, a great deal of adventitious roots were generated. Roots were mainly induced from the bark but could also develop from callus tissues. A medium mixture of 3∶1 peat and vermiculite by rolume was the optimal substrate with 47.92% rooting rate, average root length of 5.20 cm, mean number of roots 8.03, and the root effect index 1.310. The orthogonal test showed that the primary and secondary sequence of factors was treatment time, type of hormone, and concentration of hormone. The most effective hormone treatment for rooting was 1 000 mg/L IBA with treatment time of 10 s. The average length of roots was 5.53 cm, the number of roots was 5.6, the rooting rate of cuttings was 51.07% and the root effect index was 0.972.【Conclusion】This study demonstrated that M. conifera can be propagated by rooting of cuttings taken from one-year-old branches. Roots were mainly induced from the bark but also from callus tissues, and compound substrates were more effective than individual substrates. Further research should be carried out to better understand the technical aspects of cutting propagation for mass production of M. conifera seedlings.
【Objective】In southern China, Manglietia conifera Dandy trees flower normally; however, seed production is extremely low. Even if a small number of seeds can be obtained, the seeds are deformed and the quality of seedlings is poor. These conditions limit the cultivation and utilization of this species. Cutting propagation is an effective method for rapid propagation of many tree species. However, this propagation technique has not previously been examined for M. conifera in China. This research aimed to determine suitable growing medium and appropriate root hormone type, concentration, and treatment time through the utilization of different substrates and hormones to treat softwood cuttings. 【Method】The middle and upper plant segments, approximately 8-10 cm in length, from one-year-old branches were used as cutting materials. Each cutting had the terminal bud removed and consisted of three upper leaves with a quarter area of each leaf being retained. In order to study the influence of different substrates, the cuttings were treated with ABT-1 of 1 000 mg/L rooting solution for 10 s and planted in ten different substrates including peat, vermiculite, perlite, yellow soil, river sand and mixtures by volume of 1∶1 perlite and vermiculite, 1∶1 perlite and peat, 3∶1 perlite and peat, 1∶1 peat and vermiculite, and 3∶1 peat and vermiculite. For the purpose of studying the effect of different types and concentrations of hormones with treatment time, the experiment was conducted using an orthogonal design L_(9 )(3~3), and the cuttings were treated with either ABT-1, IBA, or IAA solutions at three concentration gradients(500, 1 000 and 1 500 mg/L) for 10 s, 1 min or 30 min, and inserted into substrate of 3∶1 peat and vermiculite by volume. Observations were made on the formation of callus tissue and emergence of roots. Four months after the treatments, cutting seedlings were transplanted into pots. Rooting rate, number of roots, mean root length, and the longest root length were counted and calculated. The effect of rooting was comprehensively evaluated by the root effect index. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0, and Duncan's Multiple Range Test was used to determine significant differences between treatment means.【Result】The rooting process of cuttings could be divided into four stages as follows: ① 0-15 d, cut wounds were healed and callus tissue formed; ② ≥15-40 d, callus tissue gradually increased; ③ ≥40-60 d, adventitious roots originated from the bark and also callus tissue; ④ following 60 d, a great deal of adventitious roots were generated. Roots were mainly induced from the bark but could also develop from callus tissues. A medium mixture of 3∶1 peat and vermiculite by rolume was the optimal substrate with 47.92% rooting rate, average root length of 5.20 cm, mean number of roots 8.03, and the root effect index 1.310. The orthogonal test showed that the primary and secondary sequence of factors was treatment time, type of hormone, and concentration of hormone. The most effective hormone treatment for rooting was 1 000 mg/L IBA with treatment time of 10 s. The average length of roots was 5.53 cm, the number of roots was 5.6, the rooting rate of cuttings was 51.07% and the root effect index was 0.972.【Conclusion】This study demonstrated that M. conifera can be propagated by rooting of cuttings taken from one-year-old branches. Roots were mainly induced from the bark but also from callus tissues, and compound substrates were more effective than individual substrates. Further research should be carried out to better understand the technical aspects of cutting propagation for mass production of M. conifera seedlings.
引文
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