油茶果实生长高峰期养分分配特征
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摘要
以6年生油茶林为研究对象,研究了油茶果实生长高峰期油茶各器官养分分配特征规律。结果表明:1)油茶N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Cu、Fe、Zn、Mn等元素含量均受不同器官和不同时间的影响,并呈现极显著(P <0.01)的差异。2)5月与8月油茶各器官的N、P、Ca含量均以叶片最高;5月K含量以叶片最高,8月则以果实最高;Mg的含量均以根最高。3)与5月相比,8月各器官P、K以及N(果、叶、枝、干)、Mg(果、叶、根)、Ca(干、根)含量减少了2.08%～59.58%,而根系的N含量、枝与干的Mg含量以及果、叶与枝的Ca含量则增加了3.19%～90.60%。4)Cu、Zn含量均以枝最高,Fe含量以根最高,Mn含量以叶最高。5)与5月相比,8月各器官Mn含量、叶Fe含量, Zn含量(枝、干、根)增加了1.36%～171.15%;而各器官Cu、Fe(果、根、枝、干)、Zn(果、叶)含量则下降了10.44%～88.99%。6)本研究发现在果实生长高峰期油茶叶片具有很高N∶P,各主要器官的N、P、K、Cu含量较大幅度降低,大量K向果实转移。
Taking 6-year-old Camellia oleifera forest as the test object, Nutrient distribution characteristics of different organs in fruit growth peak period were studied. The results show that: 1) The contents of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn and other elements in C.oleifera were different in different organs and at different times, and there were signi?cant differences among them(P < 0.01). 2) In May and August, the N, P and Ca contents in all organs of Camellia oleifera were the highest in leaves; K contents in May were the highest in leaves, while fruit contents in August were the highest; Mg contents in roots were the highest. 3) Compared with in May, the contents of P, K, N(fruit, leaf, branch, stem), Mg(fruit, leaf, root), Ca(stem, root) decreased by 2.08% ～ 59.58% in August, while the contents of N, Mg in root, branch and stem, and Ca in fruit, leaf and branch increased by 3.19% ～ 90.60%. 4) The contents of Cu and Zn in branches were the highest, Fe in roots was the highest, and Mn in leaves was the highest. 5) Compared with May, the contents of Mn in all organs and Fe in leaves and Zn(in branch, stem, root) increased by 1.36% ～ 171.15% in August, while the contents of Cu, Fe( in fruit, root, branch, stem) and Zn(in fruit, leaf) decreased by 10.44% ～ 88.99%. 6) It was found that the leaves of C. oleifera had a high N ∶ P ratio during the peak period of fruit growth. The contents of N, P, K and Cu in the main organs were signi?cantly reduced,and a large amount of K was transferred to the fruits.
Taking 6-year-old Camellia oleifera forest as the test object, Nutrient distribution characteristics of different organs in fruit growth peak period were studied. The results show that: 1) The contents of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn and other elements in C.oleifera were different in different organs and at different times, and there were signi?cant differences among them(P < 0.01). 2) In May and August, the N, P and Ca contents in all organs of Camellia oleifera were the highest in leaves; K contents in May were the highest in leaves, while fruit contents in August were the highest; Mg contents in roots were the highest. 3) Compared with in May, the contents of P, K, N(fruit, leaf, branch, stem), Mg(fruit, leaf, root), Ca(stem, root) decreased by 2.08% ～ 59.58% in August, while the contents of N, Mg in root, branch and stem, and Ca in fruit, leaf and branch increased by 3.19% ～ 90.60%. 4) The contents of Cu and Zn in branches were the highest, Fe in roots was the highest, and Mn in leaves was the highest. 5) Compared with May, the contents of Mn in all organs and Fe in leaves and Zn(in branch, stem, root) increased by 1.36% ～ 171.15% in August, while the contents of Cu, Fe( in fruit, root, branch, stem) and Zn(in fruit, leaf) decreased by 10.44% ～ 88.99%. 6) It was found that the leaves of C. oleifera had a high N ∶ P ratio during the peak period of fruit growth. The contents of N, P, K and Cu in the main organs were signi?cantly reduced,and a large amount of K was transferred to the fruits.
引文
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[20]袁军,石斌,吴泽龙,等.不同库源关系对油茶光合作用及果实品质的影响[J].植物生理学报,2015,51(8):1287-1292.
[21]俞小鹏.水肥耦合条件下油茶生长、养分变化及营养诊断研究[D].南京:南京林业大学,2013.
[22]张志华,高仪,王文江,等.核桃果实成熟期间主要营养成分的变化[J].园艺学报,2001,28(6):509-511.
[23]颉洪涛,虞木奎,成向荣,等.光照强度变化对5种耐阴植物氮磷养分含量、分配以及限制状况的影响[J].植物生态学报,2017,41(5):559-569.
[24]KOERSELMAN W,MEULEMAN A F M.The vegetation N:Pratio:A new tool to detect the nature of nutrient limitation[J].Journal of Applied Ecology,1996(33):1441-1450.
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[26]严正兵,金南瑛,韩廷申,等.氮磷施肥对拟南芥叶片碳氮磷化学计量特征的影响[J].植物生态学报,2013,37(6):551-557.
[27]曾后清,张亚仙,汪尚,等.植物钙/钙调素介导的信号转导系统[J].植物学报,2016,51(5):705-723.
[28]BONZA M C,DE MICHELIS M I.The plant Ca2+-ATPase repertoire:biochemical features and physiological functions[J].Plant Biol,2011(13):421-430.
[29]潘瑞帜.植物生理学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2012.
[2]陈永忠,肖志红,彭邵锋,等.油茶果实生长特性和油脂含量变化的研究[J].林业科学研究,2006,19(1):9-14.
[3]庄瑞林.中国油茶[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2012.
[4]王湘南.油茶物候期及开花生物学特性研究[M].长沙:中南林业科技大学,2011.
[5]王开良,姚小华,申巍,等.修剪措施对油茶枝条和叶片生长及营养元素的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,2016,44(7):13-17.
[6]施晓云.不同品种油茶林氮磷钾养分分配规律的研究[D].南昌:江西农业大学,2013.
[7]周良骝,杜国华,张福林,等.营养元素对油茶产量影响的回归分析[J].生物数学学报,1999,9(3):242-246.
[8]唐健,李娜,欧阳洁英,等.油茶苗期生物量积累及营养元素分配规律研究[J].南方农业学报,2011,42(8):964-967.
[9]彭邵锋,陆佳,马力,等.油茶果实生长发育期氮磷钾含量变化研究[J].西南林业大学学报,2015,35(6):26-30.
[10]严江勤,曹永庆,姚小华,等.油茶春梢发育期叶片和果实中氮磷钾元素的动态变化[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2016,36(2):50-55.
[11]曹永庆,任华东,林萍,等.油茶树体对氮磷钾元素年吸收和积累规律的研究[J].林业科学研究,2012,25(4):442-448.
[12]戚嘉敏,张鹏,奚如春.油茶树体氮磷钾养分的年动态变化[J].经济林研究,2017,35(3):121-126.
[13]曹继钊,王会利,唐健,等.油茶幼林营养元素吸收及其分配特征[J].南方农业学报,2012,43(6):802-805.
[14]罗佳,陈永忠,周小玲,等.油茶林果实成熟期养分分配特征[J].经济林研究,2017,35(3):102-108.
[15]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2000.
[16]曹永庆,姚小华,任华东,等.油茶果实矿质元素含量和油脂积累的相关性[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2013,33(10):38-41.
[17]陈永忠,肖志红,彭邵锋,等.油茶果实生长特性和油脂含量变化的研究[J].林业科学研究,2006,19(1):9-14.
[18]刘俊萍,喻苏琴,孟凡虎,等.不同母岩油茶林土壤养分限制因子研究[J].土壤通报,2017,48(6):1410-1414.
[19]刘洁.不同立地油茶林土壤肥力质量评价与茶油品质特性研究[D].长沙:中南林业科技大学,2018.
[20]袁军,石斌,吴泽龙,等.不同库源关系对油茶光合作用及果实品质的影响[J].植物生理学报,2015,51(8):1287-1292.
[21]俞小鹏.水肥耦合条件下油茶生长、养分变化及营养诊断研究[D].南京:南京林业大学,2013.
[22]张志华,高仪,王文江,等.核桃果实成熟期间主要营养成分的变化[J].园艺学报,2001,28(6):509-511.
[23]颉洪涛,虞木奎,成向荣,等.光照强度变化对5种耐阴植物氮磷养分含量、分配以及限制状况的影响[J].植物生态学报,2017,41(5):559-569.
[24]KOERSELMAN W,MEULEMAN A F M.The vegetation N:Pratio:A new tool to detect the nature of nutrient limitation[J].Journal of Applied Ecology,1996(33):1441-1450.
[25]PETER M V,STEPHEN P,BENJAMIN Z,et al.Terrestrial phosphorus limitation:mechanisms,implications,and nitrogenphosphorus interactions[J].Ecological Applications,2010,20(1):5-15.
[26]严正兵,金南瑛,韩廷申,等.氮磷施肥对拟南芥叶片碳氮磷化学计量特征的影响[J].植物生态学报,2013,37(6):551-557.
[27]曾后清,张亚仙,汪尚,等.植物钙/钙调素介导的信号转导系统[J].植物学报,2016,51(5):705-723.
[28]BONZA M C,DE MICHELIS M I.The plant Ca2+-ATPase repertoire:biochemical features and physiological functions[J].Plant Biol,2011(13):421-430.
[29]潘瑞帜.植物生理学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2012.