胸腺神经内分泌肿瘤伴肝转移1例
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摘要
<正>神经内分泌肿瘤(neuroendocrine tumors,NEN),又称"类癌",是一种非常复杂的疾病,起源于弥散神经内分泌系统中的神经内分泌细胞(APUD),故该病可发生于人体任何部位,也可转移至任何部位。由于神经内分泌肿瘤来源于APUD细胞,APUD细胞银染色呈阳性,又称为嗜银细胞,病理学根据癌细胞对嗜银反应的差异将类癌分为嗜银反应和亲银反应两大类,嗜银反应或亲银反应阳性时,NEN能分泌多种生
引文
[1]Gaur P,Leary C,Yao JC.Thymic neuroendocrine tumors:A SEER database analysis of 160 patients[J].Ann Surg,2010,251:1117-1121.
[2]Crona J,B Jorklund P,Welin S,et al.Treatment,prognostic markers and survival in thymic neuroendocrine tumours.A study from a single tertiary referral centre[J].Lung Cancer,2013,79:289-293.
[3]Morin E,Cheng S,Mete O.Hormone profiling.WHO 2010 grading,and AJCC/UICC staging in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor behavior[J].Cancer Med,2013,2(5):701-711.
[4]Chaer R,Massad MG,Evans A,et al.Primary neuroendocrine tumors of the thymus[J].Ann Thorac Surg,2002,74:17331740.
[5]Yang Xin,Lin Dongmei.Changes of 2015 WHO histological classification of lung cancer and the clinical significance[J].Chin J Lung Cancer,2016,19(6):332-336.[杨欣,林冬梅.2015版WHO肺癌组织学分类变化及其临床意义[J].中国肺癌杂志,2016,19(6):332-336]
[6]Ellison TA,Christopher L,Wolfgang,et al.A single institution 26-year experience with nonfunctional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors:A validation of current staging systems and a new prognostic nomogram[J].Ann Surg,2014,259(2):204-212.
[7]Ferrone CR.Lymphadenectomy for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors:Is that the relevant debate[J].Ann Surg,2014,259(2):213-214.
[8]Modlin IM,Lye KD,Kidd M.A 5-decade analysis of 13 715 carcinoid tumors[J].Cancer,2003,97:934-959.
[9]Oberg K,Jelic S.Neuroendocrine bronchial and thymic tumors:ESMO clinical recommendation for diagnosis,treatment and followup[J].Ann Oncol,2009,20:147-149.
[10]Crona J,Bjorklund P,Welins,et al.Treatment,prognostic markers and survival in thymic neuroendocrine tumours.A study from a single tertiary referral centre[J].Lung Cancer,2003,79:289-293.
[11]Ekeblad S,Sundin A,Janson ET,et al.Temozolomide as monotherapy is effective in treatment of advanced malignant neuroendocrine tumors[J].Clin Cancer Res,2007,13:2986-2991.
[12]Saxena A,Chua TC,Chu F,et al.Optimizing the surgical effort in patients with advanced neuroendocrine neoplasm hepatic metastases:A critical analysis of 40 patients treated by hepatic resection and cryoablation[J].Am J Clin Oncol,2012,35(5):439-445.
[2]Crona J,B Jorklund P,Welin S,et al.Treatment,prognostic markers and survival in thymic neuroendocrine tumours.A study from a single tertiary referral centre[J].Lung Cancer,2013,79:289-293.
[3]Morin E,Cheng S,Mete O.Hormone profiling.WHO 2010 grading,and AJCC/UICC staging in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor behavior[J].Cancer Med,2013,2(5):701-711.
[4]Chaer R,Massad MG,Evans A,et al.Primary neuroendocrine tumors of the thymus[J].Ann Thorac Surg,2002,74:17331740.
[5]Yang Xin,Lin Dongmei.Changes of 2015 WHO histological classification of lung cancer and the clinical significance[J].Chin J Lung Cancer,2016,19(6):332-336.[杨欣,林冬梅.2015版WHO肺癌组织学分类变化及其临床意义[J].中国肺癌杂志,2016,19(6):332-336]
[6]Ellison TA,Christopher L,Wolfgang,et al.A single institution 26-year experience with nonfunctional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors:A validation of current staging systems and a new prognostic nomogram[J].Ann Surg,2014,259(2):204-212.
[7]Ferrone CR.Lymphadenectomy for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors:Is that the relevant debate[J].Ann Surg,2014,259(2):213-214.
[8]Modlin IM,Lye KD,Kidd M.A 5-decade analysis of 13 715 carcinoid tumors[J].Cancer,2003,97:934-959.
[9]Oberg K,Jelic S.Neuroendocrine bronchial and thymic tumors:ESMO clinical recommendation for diagnosis,treatment and followup[J].Ann Oncol,2009,20:147-149.
[10]Crona J,Bjorklund P,Welins,et al.Treatment,prognostic markers and survival in thymic neuroendocrine tumours.A study from a single tertiary referral centre[J].Lung Cancer,2003,79:289-293.
[11]Ekeblad S,Sundin A,Janson ET,et al.Temozolomide as monotherapy is effective in treatment of advanced malignant neuroendocrine tumors[J].Clin Cancer Res,2007,13:2986-2991.
[12]Saxena A,Chua TC,Chu F,et al.Optimizing the surgical effort in patients with advanced neuroendocrine neoplasm hepatic metastases:A critical analysis of 40 patients treated by hepatic resection and cryoablation[J].Am J Clin Oncol,2012,35(5):439-445.