北部湾表层黏土矿物分布特征及物源研究
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摘要
利用X射线衍射(XRD)对北部湾表层沉积物中黏土矿物组成和结晶学特征进行了详细研究,揭示了源区和洋流对该区沉积物搬运和分布的控制机制。结果表明,北部湾表层沉积物中黏土矿物组成以伊利石、蒙脱石和高岭石为主,含有少量的绿泥石。在空间分布上,蒙脱石含量表现为中部高近岸低;伊利石含量表现为西南高东北低,绿泥石组分含量与之类似;高岭石含量表现为东北高,西南低。伊利石结晶度指数和化学指数平均分别为0.25°(Δ2θ)和0.5,表明伊利石结晶程度极好,为富Al伊利石,来源于化学风化作用占主导的源区。黏土矿物物源分析表明,红河是北部湾伊利石、绿泥石和蒙脱石的主要物源,其中蒙脱石因受沉积分异作用影响而在研究区中部富集;高岭石受到了红河、珠江以及广西和海南岛沿岸河流物质输入的共同影响。本研究结果对理解北部湾沉积物"源-汇"过程和古环境有重要参考意义。
In this study, we analyzed the assemblages and crystallinity of four major clay minerals in the surface sediments of the Beibu Gulf, the South China Sea, based on X-ray diffraction(XRD), in order to constrain sediment provenance and transport mechanisms in this area. The results showed that the clay mineral assemblages are dominated by illite, smectite, and kaolinite, while chlorite is present in lesser amounts. On the spatial scale of the Beibu Gulf, the smectite contents are higher in the central part and lower near the shore. The illite contents are higher in the southwest and lower in the northeast, with chlorite contents being similar in distribution. To the contrary, the kaolinite contents are higher in the northeast and lower in the southwest. The average illite crystallinity index and illite chemical index are 0.25°(Δ2θ) and 0.5, respectively, indicating that illite has high crystallinity and Al content.This suggests that the source areas of illite are dominated by a chemical weathering environment. Clay mineral source studies suggest that illite, chlorite, and smectite originate mainly from the Red River, where smectite is enriched in the central part of the study area due to sedimentary differentiation, while kaolinite is mainly derived from the Red River, the Pearl River, and the coastal rivers of Hainandao and Guangxi. The results in this study are helpful toward the understanding of "source-to-sink" processes and the paleoenvironment of the Beibu Gulf sediments.
In this study, we analyzed the assemblages and crystallinity of four major clay minerals in the surface sediments of the Beibu Gulf, the South China Sea, based on X-ray diffraction(XRD), in order to constrain sediment provenance and transport mechanisms in this area. The results showed that the clay mineral assemblages are dominated by illite, smectite, and kaolinite, while chlorite is present in lesser amounts. On the spatial scale of the Beibu Gulf, the smectite contents are higher in the central part and lower near the shore. The illite contents are higher in the southwest and lower in the northeast, with chlorite contents being similar in distribution. To the contrary, the kaolinite contents are higher in the northeast and lower in the southwest. The average illite crystallinity index and illite chemical index are 0.25°(Δ2θ) and 0.5, respectively, indicating that illite has high crystallinity and Al content.This suggests that the source areas of illite are dominated by a chemical weathering environment. Clay mineral source studies suggest that illite, chlorite, and smectite originate mainly from the Red River, where smectite is enriched in the central part of the study area due to sedimentary differentiation, while kaolinite is mainly derived from the Red River, the Pearl River, and the coastal rivers of Hainandao and Guangxi. The results in this study are helpful toward the understanding of "source-to-sink" processes and the paleoenvironment of the Beibu Gulf sediments.
引文
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[11]董玉杰,冯俊乔,胡敦欣.西太平洋暖池热含量与南海夏季风强度的关系[J].海洋科学,2016,40(3):160-166.Dong Yujie,Feng Junqiao,Hu Dunxin.Relationship between Heat Content over the Western Pacific Warm Pool and Intensity of South China Sea Summer Monsoon[J].Marine Sciences,2016,40(3):160-166.
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[19]Wang Ying,Ren Meie,Zhu Dakuei.Sediment supply to the continental shelf by the major rivers of China[J].Journal of the Geological Society,1986,143(6):935-944.
[20]Xia Huayong,Li Shuhua,Shi Maochong.Three-D numerical simulation of wind-driven current and density current in the Beibu Gulf[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2001,20(4):455-472.
[21]Qu Tangdong,Girton J B,Whitehead J A.Deepwater overflow through Luzon Strait[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Oceans,2006,111(C1):1-11.
[22]Wang Guihua,Xie Shangping,Qu Tangdong,et al.Deep South China Sea circulation[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2011,38(5):3115-3120.
[23]Zhao Wei,Zhou Chun,Tian Jiwei,et al.Deep water circulation in the Luzon Strait[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Oceans,2014,119(2):790-804.
[24]Caruso M J,Gawarkiewicz G G,Beardsley R C.Interannual variability of the Kuroshio intrusion in the South China Sea[J].Gayana,2004,68(2):559-575.
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[27]Wan Shiming,Li Anchun,Clift P D,et al.Development of the East Asian monsoon:Mineralogical and sedimentologic records in the northern South China Sea since 20 Ma[J].Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology,2007,254(3-4):561-582.
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[29]万世明.近2千万年以来东亚季风演化的南海沉积矿物学记录[D].青岛:中国科学院海洋研究所,2006.Wan Shiming.Evolution of the East Asian monsoon:Mineralogical and sedimentologic records in the South China Sea since 20 Ma[D].Qingdao:Institute of Oceanography,Chinese Academy of Sciences,2006.
[30]Biscaye P E.Mineralogy and sedimentation of recent deep-sea clay in the Atlantic Ocean and adjacent seas and oceans[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,1965,76(7):803-832.
[31]Esquevin J.Influence de la composition chimique des illites sur leur cristallinité[J].Bull Cent Rech Pau SNPA,1969,3:147-154.
[32]Gingele F X,Deckker P D,Hillenbrand C D.Clay mineral distribution in surface sediments between Indonesia and NW Australia:Source and transport by ocean currents[J].Marine Geology,2001,179(3):135-146.
[33]Chen Peiyuan.Minerals in bottom sediments of the South China Sea[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,1978,89(2):211-222.
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