武汉市主城区热岛空间格局及其影响因素研究
|
摘要
城市空间形态对城市微气候环境的影响一直受到学界及规划管理部门的关注。以武汉市主城区589个控规管理单元为样本,运用RSGIS的技术方法识别热岛空间格局,采用多元线性回归模型揭示热岛空间分布的影响要素。研究发现:武汉主城区地表温度由中心向外围存在规律性起伏,呈现"双U"型结构;高温区团块集中、沿主干路分布,低温区在大尺度水体周边集中分布;热岛空间格局受"大江大湖"的生态格局以及大规模集中工业用地的显著影响,并与公共中心体系相关。为降低热岛效应,城市空间布局应采取相应对策。
The impact of urban spatial form on urban microclimate has always been the focus of academia and planning administration departments. Taking 589 zoning units in the main city of Wuhan as a sample, RS-GIS technology and multiple linear regression models were adopted to identify the spatial layout and influencing factors of the spatial distribution of urban heat island(UHI). The study found that the land surface temperature(LST) of the main urban area of Wuhan regularly fluctuates from the center to the periphery, showing a "double U" structure; the high temperature areas are concentrated and distributed along the main road, and the low temperature area are concentrated around the large scale water body; the spatial layout of UHI is significantly impacted by the ecological pattern of "Great Rivers and Great Lakes" and the large-scale industrial land use, as well as being related to the public center system. In order to reduce the heat island effect, corresponding countermeasures in urban spatial layout were put forward in this paper.
The impact of urban spatial form on urban microclimate has always been the focus of academia and planning administration departments. Taking 589 zoning units in the main city of Wuhan as a sample, RS-GIS technology and multiple linear regression models were adopted to identify the spatial layout and influencing factors of the spatial distribution of urban heat island(UHI). The study found that the land surface temperature(LST) of the main urban area of Wuhan regularly fluctuates from the center to the periphery, showing a "double U" structure; the high temperature areas are concentrated and distributed along the main road, and the low temperature area are concentrated around the large scale water body; the spatial layout of UHI is significantly impacted by the ecological pattern of "Great Rivers and Great Lakes" and the large-scale industrial land use, as well as being related to the public center system. In order to reduce the heat island effect, corresponding countermeasures in urban spatial layout were put forward in this paper.
引文
1 OKE T R.The Energetic Basis of the Urban Heat Island[J].Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society,1982,108(455):1-24.
2骆杨,周锁铨,孙善磊,等.杭州城市热岛空间分布及时域-频域多尺度变化特征[J].生态环境学报,2009(6):2200-2205.LUO Yang,ZHOU Suoquan,SUN Shanlei,et al.Characteristics of Multi-Scale Temporal-Spatial Distribution of Urban Heat Island in Hangzhou[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2009(6):2200-2205.
3刘斌.北京市热岛时空分布特征及影响因素分析[D].南京:南京信息工程大学,2014.LIU Bin.Temporal and Spatial Distribution Characteristics and Factor Analysis of Beijing Heat Island[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology,2014.
4杨英宝,苏伟忠,江南,等.南京市热岛效应变化时空特征及其与土地利用变化的关系[J].地理研究,2007(5):877-886,1070.YANG Yingbao,SU Weizhong,JIANG Nan,et al.Spatial-Temporal Characteristics of Urban Heat Island Effect Change of Nanjing City and Its Relation with Land Use Change[J].Geographical Research,2007(5):877-886,1070.
5乔治,田光进.基于MODIS的2001年-2012年北京热岛足迹及容量动态监测[J].遥感学报,2015(3):476-484.QIAO Zhi,TIAN Guangjin.Dynamic Monitoring of the Footprint and Capacity for Urban Heat Island in Beijing Between 2001 and 2012Based on MODIS[J].Journal of Remote Sensing,2015(3):476-484.
6苏伟忠,杨英宝,杨桂山.南京市热场分布特征及其与土地利用/覆被关系研究[J].地理科学,2005(6):6697-6703.SU Weizhong,YANG Yingbao,YANG Guishan.Distributional Characteristics of Urban Thermal Space and Relations with Land Use/Cover of Nanjing[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2005(6):6697-6703.
7 DUGORD P A,LAUF S,SCHUSTER C,et al.Land Use Patterns,Temperature Distribution,and Potential Heat Stress Risk:The Case Study Berlin,Germany[J].Computers,Environment and Urban Systems,2014,48:86-98.
8 LIANG B,WENG Q.Multiscale Analysis of Census-Based Land Surface Temperature Variations and Determinants in Indianapolis,United States[J].Journal of Urban Planning and Development,2008,134(3):129-139.
9王炯.城市地表热环境动态分析及优化策略建议[D].武汉:武汉大学,2016.WANG Jiong.The Urban Land Surface Thermal Environment Dynamics and Optimization Recommendations[D].Wuhan:Wuhan University,2016.
10徐涵秋.新型Landsat8卫星影像的反射率和地表温度反演[J].地球物理学报,2015(3):741-747.XU Hanqiu.Retrieval of the Reflectance and Land Surface Temperature of the Newly-Launched Landsat 8Satellite[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2015(3):741-747.
11叶彩华,刘勇洪,刘伟东,等.城市地表热环境遥感监测指标研究及应用[J].气象科技,2011(1):95-101.YE Caihua,LIU Yonghong,LIU Weidong,et al.Research on Urban Surface Heat Environment Monitoring Indexes and Its Application[J].Meteorological Science and Technology,2011(1):95-101.
12 JIN M L,DICKINSON R E,ZHANG D L.The Footprint of Urban Areas on Global Climate as Characterized by MODIS[J].Journal of Climate,2005,18(10):1551-1565.
(1)武汉主城区内市级及以上级别开发区包括江汉经济开发区、江岸经济开发区、洪山经济开发区、武昌经济开发区、汉阳经济开发区、青山经济开发区、硚口经济开发区。
(2)根据武汉市2010年版城市总体规划关于公共中心体系的相关内容,中央活动区是武汉的城市主中心,其中包括3个集中建设区,分别为滨江商务区汉口地区、王家墩区片、武昌地区沙湖片,3个城市副中心分别为四新、鲁巷、杨春湖。本文将中央活动区中的3个集中建设区和3个副中心作为“公共中心体系核心区域”。
2骆杨,周锁铨,孙善磊,等.杭州城市热岛空间分布及时域-频域多尺度变化特征[J].生态环境学报,2009(6):2200-2205.LUO Yang,ZHOU Suoquan,SUN Shanlei,et al.Characteristics of Multi-Scale Temporal-Spatial Distribution of Urban Heat Island in Hangzhou[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2009(6):2200-2205.
3刘斌.北京市热岛时空分布特征及影响因素分析[D].南京:南京信息工程大学,2014.LIU Bin.Temporal and Spatial Distribution Characteristics and Factor Analysis of Beijing Heat Island[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology,2014.
4杨英宝,苏伟忠,江南,等.南京市热岛效应变化时空特征及其与土地利用变化的关系[J].地理研究,2007(5):877-886,1070.YANG Yingbao,SU Weizhong,JIANG Nan,et al.Spatial-Temporal Characteristics of Urban Heat Island Effect Change of Nanjing City and Its Relation with Land Use Change[J].Geographical Research,2007(5):877-886,1070.
5乔治,田光进.基于MODIS的2001年-2012年北京热岛足迹及容量动态监测[J].遥感学报,2015(3):476-484.QIAO Zhi,TIAN Guangjin.Dynamic Monitoring of the Footprint and Capacity for Urban Heat Island in Beijing Between 2001 and 2012Based on MODIS[J].Journal of Remote Sensing,2015(3):476-484.
6苏伟忠,杨英宝,杨桂山.南京市热场分布特征及其与土地利用/覆被关系研究[J].地理科学,2005(6):6697-6703.SU Weizhong,YANG Yingbao,YANG Guishan.Distributional Characteristics of Urban Thermal Space and Relations with Land Use/Cover of Nanjing[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2005(6):6697-6703.
7 DUGORD P A,LAUF S,SCHUSTER C,et al.Land Use Patterns,Temperature Distribution,and Potential Heat Stress Risk:The Case Study Berlin,Germany[J].Computers,Environment and Urban Systems,2014,48:86-98.
8 LIANG B,WENG Q.Multiscale Analysis of Census-Based Land Surface Temperature Variations and Determinants in Indianapolis,United States[J].Journal of Urban Planning and Development,2008,134(3):129-139.
9王炯.城市地表热环境动态分析及优化策略建议[D].武汉:武汉大学,2016.WANG Jiong.The Urban Land Surface Thermal Environment Dynamics and Optimization Recommendations[D].Wuhan:Wuhan University,2016.
10徐涵秋.新型Landsat8卫星影像的反射率和地表温度反演[J].地球物理学报,2015(3):741-747.XU Hanqiu.Retrieval of the Reflectance and Land Surface Temperature of the Newly-Launched Landsat 8Satellite[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2015(3):741-747.
11叶彩华,刘勇洪,刘伟东,等.城市地表热环境遥感监测指标研究及应用[J].气象科技,2011(1):95-101.YE Caihua,LIU Yonghong,LIU Weidong,et al.Research on Urban Surface Heat Environment Monitoring Indexes and Its Application[J].Meteorological Science and Technology,2011(1):95-101.
12 JIN M L,DICKINSON R E,ZHANG D L.The Footprint of Urban Areas on Global Climate as Characterized by MODIS[J].Journal of Climate,2005,18(10):1551-1565.
(1)武汉主城区内市级及以上级别开发区包括江汉经济开发区、江岸经济开发区、洪山经济开发区、武昌经济开发区、汉阳经济开发区、青山经济开发区、硚口经济开发区。
(2)根据武汉市2010年版城市总体规划关于公共中心体系的相关内容,中央活动区是武汉的城市主中心,其中包括3个集中建设区,分别为滨江商务区汉口地区、王家墩区片、武昌地区沙湖片,3个城市副中心分别为四新、鲁巷、杨春湖。本文将中央活动区中的3个集中建设区和3个副中心作为“公共中心体系核心区域”。