公立中小学教师“临聘制”困境及应对策略
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摘要
我国公立中小学教师临聘制存在自我履约机制困境、缺乏第三方依赖和缺少纵向一体化等问题。基于经济学中的不完全契约理论,笔者提出应对之策在于发挥"教师是基础、学校是保障"的自我履约机制;健全"完善法律设计,规范聘任程序"的第三方实施机制;实施"政府营造环境,学校规范执行"的纵向一体化机制,从而保证公立中小学临聘制教师有效管理与培养。
China's popularization of compulsory education,faster urbanization and implementation of second child policy have led to the faculty shortage in urban public primary and secondary schools that may be resolved through working out a temporary employment system by which social resources,undergraduates and postgraduate can be temporarily employed to fill in the vacancies.This paper used the literature review,questionnaire,and interview to explore this system from the economic perspective of incomplete contracts in the sections of introduction,theoretical framework of incomplete contracts,factor analysis of the problems involved and strategies.From the angle of temporary employees,it emphasized that low wages,temporariness and unfair status made it hard to transform the management from identity to post,from single administration to law-based rule,form administrative subordinate to personnel equality,and from state employment to unit recruitment;from the angle of employers subject,it analyzed the factors in irregular employment mechanisms,unequal status of employers and employees,and no-guaranty of legal rights and interests.And it,thus,explored the strategies of establishing efficient self-enforcing mechanism,introducing a third-party implementation mechanism,and the vertical integration mechanism to ensure the effective management system of primary and secondary schools' temporary teachers and training.
China's popularization of compulsory education,faster urbanization and implementation of second child policy have led to the faculty shortage in urban public primary and secondary schools that may be resolved through working out a temporary employment system by which social resources,undergraduates and postgraduate can be temporarily employed to fill in the vacancies.This paper used the literature review,questionnaire,and interview to explore this system from the economic perspective of incomplete contracts in the sections of introduction,theoretical framework of incomplete contracts,factor analysis of the problems involved and strategies.From the angle of temporary employees,it emphasized that low wages,temporariness and unfair status made it hard to transform the management from identity to post,from single administration to law-based rule,form administrative subordinate to personnel equality,and from state employment to unit recruitment;from the angle of employers subject,it analyzed the factors in irregular employment mechanisms,unequal status of employers and employees,and no-guaranty of legal rights and interests.And it,thus,explored the strategies of establishing efficient self-enforcing mechanism,introducing a third-party implementation mechanism,and the vertical integration mechanism to ensure the effective management system of primary and secondary schools' temporary teachers and training.
引文
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[5]苏志强.从完全契约到不完全契约:不完全契约成因分析[J].山西农业大学学报,2013(9):954-956.
[6]TIROLE J.Incomplete contracts:Where do we stand?[J].Econometrica,1999,67(4):741-781.
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[8]杨瑞龙,聂辉华.不完全契约理论:一个综述[J].经济研究,2006(2):104-106.
[9]国家教委师范教育司.教育法导读[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社,1996:23-30.
[10]韩倩.幼儿园教师一体化聘用制度的建构[D].金华:浙江师范大学,2016:21-26.
[2]徐秋慧.高校教师偷懒行为的经济学分析[J].中国人力资源开发,2011(1):100-102.
[3]罗纳德·哈里·科斯.企业、市场与法律[M].盛洪,陈郁,校译.上海:格致出版社,2009:106-111.
[4]科斯·哈特·斯蒂格利茨.契约经济学[M]//拉斯沃因,汉斯·韦坎德,编.李风圣,译.北京:经济科学出版社,2003:192-195.
[5]苏志强.从完全契约到不完全契约:不完全契约成因分析[J].山西农业大学学报,2013(9):954-956.
[6]TIROLE J.Incomplete contracts:Where do we stand?[J].Econometrica,1999,67(4):741-781.
[7]刘凤芹.不完全合约与履约障碍[J].经济研究,2003(4):22-28.邹琪.中小学教师聘任和同存在的问题及对策[J].教育探索,2004(12):119-123.
[8]杨瑞龙,聂辉华.不完全契约理论:一个综述[J].经济研究,2006(2):104-106.
[9]国家教委师范教育司.教育法导读[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社,1996:23-30.
[10]韩倩.幼儿园教师一体化聘用制度的建构[D].金华:浙江师范大学,2016:21-26.