水溶液中苯酚电离形态表征及电渗析过程迁移特征
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摘要
建立了紫外全波长扫描水溶液中苯酚电离形态的表征与定量分析方法,在此基础上,阐明了不同电离形态苯酚在电渗析过程中的迁移特征。结果表明:离子态、分子态和混合态(离子态和分子态的混合物)苯酚紫外全波长扫描在220~260 nm特征区间存在不同形状的特征峰,其浓度分别与特征波长258、236和236 nm处的吸光度有显著的线性定量关系;在电渗析过程中,离子态苯酚迁移特征为电渗迁移,分子态苯酚与酸协同迁移,混合态符合电离平衡控制迁移;离子态、分子态、混合态苯酚的迁移率分别为42%、4%和13%,在电渗析水处理过程中,有机污染物分子态和混合态的迁移也是重要的研究内容。
A method for the characterization and quantitative analysis of different ionization forms of phenols in aqueous solution using ultraviolet(UV) full-wavelength scanning was established. By taking advantage of this method, the migration characteristics of different ionization forms of phenols during electrodialysis were elucidated. The results showed that the patterns of characteristic peaks of the dissociated, non-dissociated, and mixed state(mixture of dissociated and non-dissociated) phenols were different in a wavelength range from 220 to 260 nm. The concentrations of the dissociated, non-dissociated, and mixed state phenols were positively linear to their corresponding absorbance at 258, 236 and 236 nm, respectively. The migration characteristics of the dissociated, non-dissociated, and mixed state phenols in the electrodialysis process were accord with electro-migration, synergistic-migration with acid, and ionization equilibrium controlling-migration, respectively. The mobility ratios of the dissociated, non-dissociated, and mixed state phenols in the electrodialysis process were 42%, 4% and 13%, respectively. In a word, the migrations of non-dissociated and mixed state of organic pollutants are also an important research topic in the electrodialysis process.
A method for the characterization and quantitative analysis of different ionization forms of phenols in aqueous solution using ultraviolet(UV) full-wavelength scanning was established. By taking advantage of this method, the migration characteristics of different ionization forms of phenols during electrodialysis were elucidated. The results showed that the patterns of characteristic peaks of the dissociated, non-dissociated, and mixed state(mixture of dissociated and non-dissociated) phenols were different in a wavelength range from 220 to 260 nm. The concentrations of the dissociated, non-dissociated, and mixed state phenols were positively linear to their corresponding absorbance at 258, 236 and 236 nm, respectively. The migration characteristics of the dissociated, non-dissociated, and mixed state phenols in the electrodialysis process were accord with electro-migration, synergistic-migration with acid, and ionization equilibrium controlling-migration, respectively. The mobility ratios of the dissociated, non-dissociated, and mixed state phenols in the electrodialysis process were 42%, 4% and 13%, respectively. In a word, the migrations of non-dissociated and mixed state of organic pollutants are also an important research topic in the electrodialysis process.
引文
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[2] STRATHMANN H. Electrodialysis, a mature technology with a multitude of new applications[J]. Desalination,2010,264(3):268-288. DOI:10.1016/j.desal.2010.04.069.
[3] ZHANG Y, DESMIDT E, VAN L A, et al. Phosphate separation and recovery from wastewater by novel electrodialysis[J]. Environmental Science&Technology,2013,47(11):5888-5895. DOI:10.1021/es4004476.
[4] CODAY B D, XU P, BEAUDRY E G, et al. The sweet spot of forward osmosis:Treatment of produced water, drilling wastewater,and other complex and difficult liquid streams[J]. Desalination,2014,333(1):23-35. DOI:10.1016/j.desal.2013.11.014.
[5] SHAFFER D L, CHAVEZ L H A, BEN-SASSON M, et al. Desalination and reuse of high-salinity shale gas produced water:Drivers,technologies, and future directions[J]. Environmental Science&Technology,2013,47(17):9569-9583. DOI:10.1021/es401966e.
[6]张庆康,郝瑞霞,刘峰,等.不同再生水处理工艺出水水质回用途径适应性分析[J].环境工程学报,2013,7(1):91-96.
[7]张燕燕,程拥,陈洪斌. MBR和BAF用于以家庭回用为目的的灰水净化研究[J].环境工程学报,2016,10(2):623-630.
[8] SHEN J Y, DUAN J R, YU L X, et al. Desalination of glutamine fermentation broth by electrodialysis[J]. Process Biochemistry,2006,41(3):716-720. DOI:10.1016/j.procbio.2005.08.001.
[9] HUANG C, XU T, ZHANG Y, et al. Application of electrodialysis to the production of organic acids:State-of-the-art and recent developments[J]. Journal of Membrane Science,2007,288(1/2):1-12. DOI:10.1016/j.memsci.2006.11.026.
[10]贾福强,苗钧魁,于跃芹,等.响应面法优化电渗析处理褐藻酸钠废水工艺[J].环境工程学报,2014,8(3):1041-1045.
[11]康莹莹,宋玉栋,周岳溪,等.电渗析在丙烯酸丁酯废水预处理中的应用[J].环境工程学报,2011,5(3):494-498.
[12] BARAKAT M A. New trends in removing heavy metals from industrial wastewater[J]. Arabian Journal of Chemistry,2011,4(4):361-377. DOI:10.1016/j.arabjc.2010.07.019.
[13] VANDEVIVERE P C, BIANCHI R,VERSTRAETE W. Treatment and reuse of wastewater from the textile wet-processing industry:Review of emerging technologies[J]. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology,1998,72(4):289-302.
[14] LEFEBVRE O, MOLETTA R. Treatment of organic pollution in industrial saline wastewater:A literature review[J]. Water Research,2006,40(20):3671-3682. DOI:10.1016/j.watres.2006.08.027.
[15] VYAS P V, SHAH B G, TRIVEDI G S, et al. Separation of inorganic and organic acids from glyoxal by electrodialysis[J]. Desalination,2001,140(1):47-54. DOI:10.1016/S0011-9164(01)00353-8.
[16] LUIZ A, MCCLURE D D, LIM K, et al. Potential upgrading of bio-refinery streams by electrodialysis[J]. Desalination,2017,41:520-528. DOI:10.1016/j.desal.2017.02.023.
[17] BANDINI S. Nafion membranes for conversion of sodium phenoxides into undissociated phenols[J]. Journal of Membrane Science,2002,207(2):209-225. DOI:10.1016/S0376-7388(02)00249-1.
[18]李飞,余立新,戴猷元.双极性膜电渗析法处理酚钠溶液研究[J].化工环保,2004,24(2):79-82.
[19]张鹏.双极性膜电渗析法连续处理酚钠溶液研究[D].北京:清华大学,2009.
[20]庞洁,孟洪,陆颖舟,等.异相膜电渗析法处理苯酚废水[J].北京化工大学学报(自然科学版),2010,37(5):15-20.
[21]顾锡慧.大孔树脂吸附-生物再生法处理高盐苯胺/苯酚废水的研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2008.