起伏冰表面轮廓提取及其起伏程度分析方法
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摘要
冰水界面的声反射、声散射是冰下声传播、冰下混响特性的研究基础,然而粗糙冰水界面的起伏度是影响反射、散射的重要因素。因此有效提取冰水界面起伏轮廓及正确分析起伏程度的方法对冰下声反射、声散射的研究具有重要意义。针对有效提取粗糙冰水界面起伏轮廓的问题,提出了印模加图像处理的方法,即采用数字图像处理中形态学的闭运算、膨胀及边缘提取方法对印模图像进行处理,从而得到粗糙冰水界面起伏轮廓。然后,采用统计直方图、高阶统计量和粗糙度计算来联合分析冰水界面起伏度。最后,通过实验室试验验证了粗糙冰水界面起伏轮廓提取方法的可行性,验证了起伏度联合分析方法能够有效地分辨并比较冰表面轮廓起伏程度的大小及统计特性,为后续实验室条件下研究不同起伏情况的冰下声反射系数、声散射系数变化规律提供必要的技术支撑。
The acoustic reflection and acoustic scattering at the ice-water interface are the basis for the study of under-ice sound transmission and reverberation characteristics. However,the roughness of the ice-water interface is an important factor affecting the reflection and scattering. Therefore,extractingthe contoursof the ice-water interfaceeffectively and analyzing the degree of undulation correctly are ofgreat significance for the research on under-ice acoustic reflection and acoustic scattering. Aiming at the contours extractionof rough ice-water interface,a method of stamping and image processing is proposed. The digital image processing is performed by using the morphological closing operation,expansion and edge extraction methods,to obtain thesurface profile of the rough ice water interface. Then,the statistical histogram,high-order statistics and roughness calculation are used to analyze the ice-water interface fluctuation together. Finally,the feasibility of the proposed methodis verified by laboratory experiments. It is provedthat the joint analysis method can effectively distinguish and compare the size and statistical characteristics of ice surface contours. It can provide necessary technical support to study the under-ice reflection coefficient and scattering coefficient under different the contours of rough ice-water interface in the laboratory conditions.
The acoustic reflection and acoustic scattering at the ice-water interface are the basis for the study of under-ice sound transmission and reverberation characteristics. However,the roughness of the ice-water interface is an important factor affecting the reflection and scattering. Therefore,extractingthe contoursof the ice-water interfaceeffectively and analyzing the degree of undulation correctly are ofgreat significance for the research on under-ice acoustic reflection and acoustic scattering. Aiming at the contours extractionof rough ice-water interface,a method of stamping and image processing is proposed. The digital image processing is performed by using the morphological closing operation,expansion and edge extraction methods,to obtain thesurface profile of the rough ice water interface. Then,the statistical histogram,high-order statistics and roughness calculation are used to analyze the ice-water interface fluctuation together. Finally,the feasibility of the proposed methodis verified by laboratory experiments. It is provedthat the joint analysis method can effectively distinguish and compare the size and statistical characteristics of ice surface contours. It can provide necessary technical support to study the under-ice reflection coefficient and scattering coefficient under different the contours of rough ice-water interface in the laboratory conditions.
引文
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[16]陈强,田杰,黄海宁,等.基于统计和纹理特征的SAS图像SVM分割研究[J].仪器仪表学报,2013,34(6):1413-1420.CHEN Q,TIAN J,HUANG H N,et al.Study on SAS image segmentation using SVM based on statistical and texture features[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2013,34(6):1413-1420.
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[18]张莹.开闭运算在消除图象噪声中的应用研究[J].潍坊学院学报,2002,2(2):65-66.ZHANG Y.The application of opening-closing operation to eliminate image noise[J].Journal of Weifang University,2002,2(2):65-66.
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[22]杨琨,曾立波,王殿成.数学形态学腐蚀膨胀运算的快速算法[J].计算机工程与应用,2005,41(34):54-56.YANG K,ZENG L B,WANG D CH.A fast arithmetic for the erosion and dilation operations of mathematical morphology[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2005,41(34):54-56.
[23]石米娜.基于分形几何的轴类零件表面粗糙度检测[D].长春:吉林大学,2007.SHI M N.Evaluation for surface roughness of shafts based on fractal geometry[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2007.
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[26]张晓云.高阶统计量在水雷目标特征提取中的应用[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2008.ZHANG X Y.The application of higher order statistic in extraction of mine characteristics[D].Harbin:Harbin Engineering University,2008.
[2]BISHOP G C,ELLISON W T,MELLBERG L E.A simulation model for high-frequency under-ice reverberation[J].The Journal of the Acoustic Society of America,1987,82(1):275-286.
[3]朱广平,殷敬伟,陈文剑,等.北极典型冰下声信道建模及特性[J].声学学报,2017(2):152-158.ZHU G P,YIN J W,CHEN W J,et al.Modeling and characterizing the typical under-ice acoustic channel for the Arctic[J].Journal of Acoustics,2017(2):152-158.
[4]陈文剑,殷敬伟,周焕玲,等.平面冰层覆盖下水中声传播损失特性分析[J].极地研究,2017,29(2):194-203.CHEN W J,YIN J W,ZHOU H L,et al.Analysis of acoustic propagation loss characteristics in underwater covered by plane ice[J].Advances in Polar Science,2017,29(2):194-203.
[5]杨学志,桂志强,郑鑫,等.采用自适应块拼接的北极海冰SAR图像合成[J].仪器仪表学报,2014,35(9):2070-2077.YANG X Zh,GUI ZH Q,ZHENG X,et al.Synthesis of arctic SAR Sea-Ice image using patch-adaptedsplicing[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2014,35(9):2070-2077.
[6]LANGLEBEN M P.Reflection of sound at the water-sea ice interface[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1970,75(27):5243-5246.
[7]MELLEN R H.Underwater acoustic scattering from Arctic ice[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1966,40(5):1200-1202.
[8]BERKSON J M,CLAY C S,KAN T K.Mapping the underside of arctic sea ice by backscattered sound[J].Jou rnal of the Acoustical Society of America,1973,53(3):777-781.
[9]李整林,张仁和,彭朝晖.海底声学特性水平变化引起的异常声传播[J].声学技术,2004,23(z1):15-17.LI ZH L,ZHANG R H,PENG ZH H.Anomalous sound propagation due to the horizontal variation of seabed acoustic properties[J].Technology Acoustics,2004,23(z1):15-17.
[10]唐文彦,张军,李慧鹏.触针法测量表面粗糙度的发展及现状[C].中国机械工程学会先进制造技术与齿轮学术会议.2000.TANG W Y,ZHANG J,LI H P.Development and status quo of measuring surface roughness by stylus method[C].China Mechanical Engineering Society Advanced Manufacturing Technology and Gear Conference,2000.
[11]瞿雪元,顾廷权,方百友.带钢表面粗糙度在线检测技术最新进展[J].电子测量与仪器学报,2017,31(4):493-500.QU X Y,GU Y T,FANG B Y.Review of surface roughness online measurement techniques of steel strip[J].Journal of Electronic Measurement and Instrumentation,2017,31(4):493-500.
[12]FISSEL D B,MARKO J R,ROSS E,et al.Improvements in upward looking sonar-based sea-ice measurements:a case study for 2007 ice features in northumberland strait,canada[C].Oceans,IEEE,2007:1-6.
[13]冯常慧,刘强,葛印超.基于仰视声呐的冰厚探测技术研究[J].声学与电子工程,2017(3):4-7.FENG CH H,LIU Q,GE Y CH.Research on ice thickness detection technology based on look up sonar[J].Acoustics and Electronics Engineering,2017(3):4-7.
[14]王庆,唐涛,项德良,等.基于梯度比率的SAR图像局部特征提取方法研究[J].智能系统学报,2017,12(3):286-292.WANG Q,TANG T,XIANG D L,et al.Research on local feature extraction of SAR images based on gradient ratio[J].CAAI Transactions on Intelligent Systems,2017,12(3):286-292.
[15]路恩会,刘坚,王卫芳,等.粗糙度关联的图像特征指标性能评价方法研究[J].仪器仪表学报,2017,38(8):2022-2029.LU EN H,LIU J,WANG W F,et al.Study on the performance assessment method of image indices associated with roughness[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2017,38(8):2022-2029.
[16]陈强,田杰,黄海宁,等.基于统计和纹理特征的SAS图像SVM分割研究[J].仪器仪表学报,2013,34(6):1413-1420.CHEN Q,TIAN J,HUANG H N,et al.Study on SAS image segmentation using SVM based on statistical and texture features[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2013,34(6):1413-1420.
[17]尹辉,谷峰.一种频域特征的飞机目标提取方法[J].智能系统学报,2013(5):459-464.YIN H,GU F.A method of extracting aircraft target based on the frequency domain feature[J].CAAI Transactions on Intelligent Systems,2013(5):459-464.
[18]张莹.开闭运算在消除图象噪声中的应用研究[J].潍坊学院学报,2002,2(2):65-66.ZHANG Y.The application of opening-closing operation to eliminate image noise[J].Journal of Weifang University,2002,2(2):65-66.
[19]GONZALEZ R C,WOODS R E,EDDINS S L,et al.Digital Image Processing(MATLAB)[M].Beijing:Publishing House of Electronics Industry,2013.
[20]CANNY J.A computational approach to edge detection[J].IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis&Machine Intelligence,1986,8(6):679-698.
[21]王植,贺赛先.一种基于Canny理论的自适应边缘检测方法[J].中国图象图形学报,2004,9(8):957-962.WANG ZH,HE S X.An adaptive edge-detection method based on Canny algorithm[J].Journal of Image andGraphics,2004,9(8):957-962.
[22]杨琨,曾立波,王殿成.数学形态学腐蚀膨胀运算的快速算法[J].计算机工程与应用,2005,41(34):54-56.YANG K,ZENG L B,WANG D CH.A fast arithmetic for the erosion and dilation operations of mathematical morphology[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2005,41(34):54-56.
[23]石米娜.基于分形几何的轴类零件表面粗糙度检测[D].长春:吉林大学,2007.SHI M N.Evaluation for surface roughness of shafts based on fractal geometry[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2007.
[24]章毓晋.图像处理[M].第2版.北京:清华大学出版社,2006.ZHANG Y J.Image Processing[M].2nd ed.Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2006.
[25]孙政,胡修林,涂平洲.高阶统计量方法及应用研究[J].计算机与数字工程,2003,31(6):59-61.SUN ZH,HU X L,TU P ZH.The research of methods and applications of higher-order statistics[J].Computer&Digital Engineering,2003,31(6):59-61.
[26]张晓云.高阶统计量在水雷目标特征提取中的应用[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2008.ZHANG X Y.The application of higher order statistic in extraction of mine characteristics[D].Harbin:Harbin Engineering University,2008.