极地深海冰盖条件下声传播数值试验
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摘要
研究极地深海声传播特征具有重要的经济、军事价值,战略意义重大。基于KRAKENC分层弹性介质简振波模型对极地深海冰盖条件下的声传播特征进行数值模拟,得出极地海域向上折射环境和较小深度声源,是形成声道现象必要条件;冰盖的散射作用导致声传播衰减强烈,且深度越大的水层受冰盖影响越小,受海底边界影响越大;声源深度越小,受冰盖影响越大。
The research of the features of acoustic propagation in Arctic deep ocean owns great economy and military value,and of great strategic significance. Numerical simulations of acoustic propagation in deep Arctic are conducted using layered elastic media acoustic normal model-KRAKENC. The conclusions are: the upward refracting environment and small source depth are necessary conditions to the underwater tracks. Serious attenuation is brought about by ice scattering,and the deeper water layer is less affected by the ice canopy,but is more affected by the seabed interface. The shallower acoustic source is more affected by the ice canopy.
The research of the features of acoustic propagation in Arctic deep ocean owns great economy and military value,and of great strategic significance. Numerical simulations of acoustic propagation in deep Arctic are conducted using layered elastic media acoustic normal model-KRAKENC. The conclusions are: the upward refracting environment and small source depth are necessary conditions to the underwater tracks. Serious attenuation is brought about by ice scattering,and the deeper water layer is less affected by the ice canopy,but is more affected by the seabed interface. The shallower acoustic source is more affected by the ice canopy.
引文
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[15]Diachok O I.Effects of sea-ice ridges on sound propagation in the Arctic Ocean[J].J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,1976,59:1110-1120.
[16]Kuperman W A,Ingenito F.Attenuation of the coherent component of sound propagation in shallow w ater w ith rough boundaries[J].J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,1977,61:1178-1187.
[2]Marsh HW,Mellen R H.Underwater sound propagation in the Arctic Ocean[J].J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,1976,35:552-563.
[3]Greg M,Kelvin L,Ted F.Low-frequency long-range propagation and reverberation in the central Arctic:Analysis of experimental results[J].J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,2001,110(2):747-760.
[4]Thode A,Katherine H K,Charles R,et al.Long range transmission loss of broadband seismic pulses in the arctic under ice-free conditions[J].J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,2010,128(4):Published online.
[5]Christie A O,Jon M C.Underwater acoustic in arctic environment[C]//San D:162ndAcoustical Society of America M eeting.California:Published online,2011:1456-1458.
[6]Dan H.An overview of Arctic Ocean acoustics[J].AIP Conference Proceedings,2012,56(5):56-68.
[7]Robert R G,Paul A S.A model of acoustic backscatter from Arctic sea ice[J].J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,1985,78(5):1699-1701.
[8]Kuperman W A,Schmidt H.Self-consistent perturbation approach to rough surface scattering in straitified elastic media[J].J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,1989,86(4):1511-1522.
[9]Kevin L,Henrik S.Modeling of low-frequency transmission loss in the central Arctic[J].J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,1994,96(3):1783-1795.
[10]Porter M B,Reiss E L.A numerical method for oceanacoustic normal modes[J].J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,1984,76(3):244-252.
[11]Smith K B,Tappert F D.UMPE:The University of M iami Parabolic Equation M edal,Version 1.1[R].M arine Physical Laboratory Technical,1994.
[12]Tapper F D,Spiesberger J L,Wolfson M A.Study of a novel range-dependent propagation effect w ith application to the axial injection of signals from the Kaneohe source[J].J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,2002,111(2):757-762.
[13]Porter,M B,Reiss E L.A numerical method for bottom interacting ocean acoustic normal modes[J].J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,1985,77(3):1760-1767.
[14]Urick R J.Principles of Underwater Sound[M].Third Edition.Los Altos,California,USA:Peninsula Pub,1983:34-35.
[15]Diachok O I.Effects of sea-ice ridges on sound propagation in the Arctic Ocean[J].J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,1976,59:1110-1120.
[16]Kuperman W A,Ingenito F.Attenuation of the coherent component of sound propagation in shallow w ater w ith rough boundaries[J].J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,1977,61:1178-1187.