冲击碾压模拟试验设备研制
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摘要
冲击压路机已大量用于各种原位地基土以及填土的压实处理,压实深度明显大于传统压路机和平板压实设备。但冲击压路机在冲击碾压过程中的能量传递过程、土中应力和位移的分布情况等尚不清楚。为探讨冲击碾压加固地基的机制和加固效果的主要影响因素,研制了冲击碾压模拟试验设备。该设备主要由模型箱、模型冲击轮、简易缓冲装置以及支架与牵引系统四部分组成,其中核心组成部分是具有不同外接圆尺寸大小和质量的三边形模型冲击轮。模型冲击轮可通过牵引系统中电机的牵引作用,在试验土体表面沿直线滚动,对土体施加冲击碾压作用。采用该设备进行了不同尺寸的模型冲击轮冲击碾压砂土的模型试验,并采用直径为2.5 cm的小型静力触探仪对冲击碾压加固效果进行检测。结果表明:该试验设备可用于实现对非圆形冲击轮冲击压实土体过程的模拟,同时显示冲击轮尺寸对冲碾加固效果的影响与冲碾遍数有关,且该影响在不同深度的土体中会有不同的响应,增大冲击轮的尺寸可以在土体的浅层深度范围内获得更好的加固效果。
High-energy impact roller(IR) has been widely used to compact in-situ soils or fills for many kinds of earthworks. The IR applies high energy to the ground and densifies deeper soils than conventional rollers and plate-type compactors. But the transferring of IR energy into soil, the distributions of stress and displacement in soil while impacting and effect of the different masses and shapes of impact modules to the effectiveness of compaction are still unclear. This paper presents an impact roller simulation device to investigate the mechanism as well as the influencing factors on improvement of high-energy IR compaction. The device mainly consists of four parts including model box, model impact wheel, simplified buffering system and frame-towing system. The model impact wheels, as the key part of the device, are all 3-sided with different sizes and weights. The non-circular model impact wheels are towed with an electric motor through a steel rope and then roll on the surface of soil specimen, which is similar to the virtual process of IR compaction. Using this device, three laboratory compaction tests are carried out to verify the effectiveness of this device and investigate effects of impact wheel's sizes on the effectiveness of IR compaction. A Chinese electric cone penetrometer of 2.5 cm in diameter is used to verify the effectiveness of IR compaction. The results of laboratory compaction tests show that the impact roller simulation device is suitable for modeling IR compaction and it is easy to operate. The cone penetration data indicate that the effects of impact wheel's sizes on compaction are related to passes of IR compaction and that better effectiveness of IR compaction in shallow depth can be achieved by increasing the size of impact wheel.
High-energy impact roller(IR) has been widely used to compact in-situ soils or fills for many kinds of earthworks. The IR applies high energy to the ground and densifies deeper soils than conventional rollers and plate-type compactors. But the transferring of IR energy into soil, the distributions of stress and displacement in soil while impacting and effect of the different masses and shapes of impact modules to the effectiveness of compaction are still unclear. This paper presents an impact roller simulation device to investigate the mechanism as well as the influencing factors on improvement of high-energy IR compaction. The device mainly consists of four parts including model box, model impact wheel, simplified buffering system and frame-towing system. The model impact wheels, as the key part of the device, are all 3-sided with different sizes and weights. The non-circular model impact wheels are towed with an electric motor through a steel rope and then roll on the surface of soil specimen, which is similar to the virtual process of IR compaction. Using this device, three laboratory compaction tests are carried out to verify the effectiveness of this device and investigate effects of impact wheel's sizes on the effectiveness of IR compaction. A Chinese electric cone penetrometer of 2.5 cm in diameter is used to verify the effectiveness of IR compaction. The results of laboratory compaction tests show that the impact roller simulation device is suitable for modeling IR compaction and it is easy to operate. The cone penetration data indicate that the effects of impact wheel's sizes on compaction are related to passes of IR compaction and that better effectiveness of IR compaction in shallow depth can be achieved by increasing the size of impact wheel.
引文
[1]贺杰.夯的发展——冲击压路机[J].交通世界,2002,(7):46-49.
[2]朱振辉.探索冲击压路机的历史沿革[J].中国公路(建设市场专刊),2004,(6):24-25.
[3]CLIFFORD J M.The impact roller–problems solve[J].The Civil Engineer in South Africa,1978,20(12):321-324.
[4]CLEGG B,BERRANGE A R.The development and testing of an impact roller[J].The Civil Engineer in South Africa,1971,13(3):65-73.
[5]交通部公路科学研究院.公路冲击碾压应用技术指南[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2006.
[6]史保华,杨晓娟,王宏伟.冲击压实机及其技术在土基处理中的应用分析[J].筑路机械与施工机械化,2006,23(3):1-5.SHI Bao-hua,YANG Xiao-juan,WANG Hong-wei.Application of impact compaction machine in soil subgrade treatment[J].Road Machinery&Construction Mechanization,2006,23(3):1-5.
[7]KELLY D,GIL J.Monitoring HEIC using Landpac CIR and CIS technologies[C]//ISSMGE-TC 211 International Symposium on Ground Improvement.Brussels:CPL Press,2012.
[8]AVALLE D.Impact rolling in the spectrum of compaction techniques and equipment[C]//Earthworks Seminar Proceedings.Adelaide:Australian Geomechanics Society,2004:1-4.
[9]KELLY D.Deep in-situ ground improvement using high energy impact compaction(HEIC)technology[C]//Geo Eng 2000–International Conference on Geotechnical and Geological Engineering.Melbourne:[s.n.],2000.
[10]车胜创.冲击式压实机的应用、研究与发展前景[J].筑路机械与施工机械化,2006,23(3):14-16.CHE Sheng-chuang.Application,research and development of impact compaction machine[J].Road Machinery&Construction Mechanization,2006,23(3):14-16.
[11]娄国充.冲击压实技术处理高速公路湿陷性地基的应用研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(7):1207-1210.LOU Guo-chong.Application of impact compaction technology in highway embankment of collapsiable loess soils[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(7):1207-1210.
[12]谭炜,凌建明,刘文.冲击碾压处理不均匀软弱地基试验研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2008,4(2):112-117.TAN Wei,LING Jian-ming,LIU Wen.Experimental study on treatment of uneven soft ground with impaction and grind method(IGM)[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2008,4(2):112-117.
[13]徐超,陈忠清,叶观宝,等.冲击碾压法处理粉土地基试验研究[J].岩土力学,2011,32(增刊2):389-392.XU Chao,CHEN Zhong-qing,YE Guan-bao,et al.Experimental research on ground improvement of silt using impact roller compaction[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(Supp.2):389-392.
[14]JAKSA M B,SCOTTT B T,MENTHA N L,et al.Quantifying the zone of influence of the impact roller[C]//ISSMGE-TC 211 International Symposium on Ground Improvement.Brussels:CPL Press,2012.
[15]丁天锐,沈超,荆婷婷,等.淮安民用机场强夯及冲击碾压处理浅层液化地基试验研究[C]//第11届全国地基处理学术讨论会论文集.海口:海南大学出版社,2010:198-202.
[16]XU CHAO,CHEN ZHONGQING,LI JUNSHI,et al.Compaction of subgrade by high-energy impact rollers on an airport runway[J].Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities,2014,28(5):1-9.
[17]卢辉,苏卫国,张肖宁.冲击压实旧水泥混凝土路面的现场振动测试[J].华南理工大学学报(自然科学版),2005,33(11):94-97.LU Hui,SU Wei-guo,ZHANG Xiao-ning.Field measurement of vibration of existing cement concrete pavement with impact compaction[J].Journal of South China University of Technology(Natural Science Edition),2005,33(11):94-97.
[18]胡昌斌,阙云.冲击碾压改建旧水泥混凝土路面施工时的地基振动特性[J].振动与冲击,2010,29(11):124-130.HU Chang-bin,QUE Yun.Subgrade vibration characteristics during PCC pavement rehabilitation with impact roller[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2010,29(11):124-130.
[19]卞学良,南传立,肖汾阳,等.非圆柱形压实轮压实效果有限元分析[J].机械工程学报,2002,38(10):158-162.BIAN Xue-liang,NAN Chuan-li,XIAO Fen-yang,et al.FEM analysis of impaction effect of non-column wheels of compacting roller[J].Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2002,38(10):158-162.
[20]王生新,韩文峰,谌文武,等.冲击压实路基黄土的微观特征研究[J].岩土力学,2006,27(6):939-944.WANG Sheng-xin,HAN Wen-feng,CHEN Wen-wu,et al.Microstudy on roadbed loess improvement by impact compaction technology[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2006,27(6):939-944.
[21]AVALLE D L,SCOTT B T,JAKSA M B.Ground energy and impact of rolling dynamic compaction-results from research test site[C]//Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering—The Academia&Practice of Geotechnical Engineering.Alexandria:IOS Press,2009:2228-2231.
[22]KIM K.Numerical simulation of impact rollers for estimating the influence depth of soil compaction[D].Texas:Texas A&M University,2010.
[23]何柏岩,贺杰,李熙山.3YCT-12冲击式压实机[J].工程机械,2000,(8):3-4.HE Bai-yan,HE Jie,LI Xi-shan.3YCT-12 impact compactors[J].Construction Machinery and Equipment,2000,(8):3-4.
[24]刘康明,王必强,贺显林.YCT20与YCT25型冲击压路机[J].工程机械,2002,(3):9-10.LIU Kang-ming,WANG Bi-qiang,HE Xian-lin.Model YCT20 and model YCT25 impact compactors[J].Construction Machinery and Equipment,2002,(3):9
[25]PORAN C J,HEH K S,RODRGUEZ J A.Impact behavior of sand[J].Soils and Foundations,1992,32(4):81-92.
[26]贺杰,张润利,逄宏波,等.冲击压路机的发展趋势[J].工程机械,2002,(2):35-38.HE Jie,ZHANG Run-li,FENG Hong-bo,et al.Developing trend of impact compactors[J].Construction Machinery and Equipment,2002,(2):35-38.
[27]何柏岩,裴毅强,贺杰.三边形压实轮运动与能量分析[J].工程机械,2005,(9):29-31.HE Bai-yan,PEI Yi-qiang,HE Jie.Kinetic and kinematic analysis for triangle shaped compacting drum[J].Construction Machinery and Equipment,2005,(9):29-31.
[2]朱振辉.探索冲击压路机的历史沿革[J].中国公路(建设市场专刊),2004,(6):24-25.
[3]CLIFFORD J M.The impact roller–problems solve[J].The Civil Engineer in South Africa,1978,20(12):321-324.
[4]CLEGG B,BERRANGE A R.The development and testing of an impact roller[J].The Civil Engineer in South Africa,1971,13(3):65-73.
[5]交通部公路科学研究院.公路冲击碾压应用技术指南[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2006.
[6]史保华,杨晓娟,王宏伟.冲击压实机及其技术在土基处理中的应用分析[J].筑路机械与施工机械化,2006,23(3):1-5.SHI Bao-hua,YANG Xiao-juan,WANG Hong-wei.Application of impact compaction machine in soil subgrade treatment[J].Road Machinery&Construction Mechanization,2006,23(3):1-5.
[7]KELLY D,GIL J.Monitoring HEIC using Landpac CIR and CIS technologies[C]//ISSMGE-TC 211 International Symposium on Ground Improvement.Brussels:CPL Press,2012.
[8]AVALLE D.Impact rolling in the spectrum of compaction techniques and equipment[C]//Earthworks Seminar Proceedings.Adelaide:Australian Geomechanics Society,2004:1-4.
[9]KELLY D.Deep in-situ ground improvement using high energy impact compaction(HEIC)technology[C]//Geo Eng 2000–International Conference on Geotechnical and Geological Engineering.Melbourne:[s.n.],2000.
[10]车胜创.冲击式压实机的应用、研究与发展前景[J].筑路机械与施工机械化,2006,23(3):14-16.CHE Sheng-chuang.Application,research and development of impact compaction machine[J].Road Machinery&Construction Mechanization,2006,23(3):14-16.
[11]娄国充.冲击压实技术处理高速公路湿陷性地基的应用研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(7):1207-1210.LOU Guo-chong.Application of impact compaction technology in highway embankment of collapsiable loess soils[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(7):1207-1210.
[12]谭炜,凌建明,刘文.冲击碾压处理不均匀软弱地基试验研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2008,4(2):112-117.TAN Wei,LING Jian-ming,LIU Wen.Experimental study on treatment of uneven soft ground with impaction and grind method(IGM)[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2008,4(2):112-117.
[13]徐超,陈忠清,叶观宝,等.冲击碾压法处理粉土地基试验研究[J].岩土力学,2011,32(增刊2):389-392.XU Chao,CHEN Zhong-qing,YE Guan-bao,et al.Experimental research on ground improvement of silt using impact roller compaction[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(Supp.2):389-392.
[14]JAKSA M B,SCOTTT B T,MENTHA N L,et al.Quantifying the zone of influence of the impact roller[C]//ISSMGE-TC 211 International Symposium on Ground Improvement.Brussels:CPL Press,2012.
[15]丁天锐,沈超,荆婷婷,等.淮安民用机场强夯及冲击碾压处理浅层液化地基试验研究[C]//第11届全国地基处理学术讨论会论文集.海口:海南大学出版社,2010:198-202.
[16]XU CHAO,CHEN ZHONGQING,LI JUNSHI,et al.Compaction of subgrade by high-energy impact rollers on an airport runway[J].Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities,2014,28(5):1-9.
[17]卢辉,苏卫国,张肖宁.冲击压实旧水泥混凝土路面的现场振动测试[J].华南理工大学学报(自然科学版),2005,33(11):94-97.LU Hui,SU Wei-guo,ZHANG Xiao-ning.Field measurement of vibration of existing cement concrete pavement with impact compaction[J].Journal of South China University of Technology(Natural Science Edition),2005,33(11):94-97.
[18]胡昌斌,阙云.冲击碾压改建旧水泥混凝土路面施工时的地基振动特性[J].振动与冲击,2010,29(11):124-130.HU Chang-bin,QUE Yun.Subgrade vibration characteristics during PCC pavement rehabilitation with impact roller[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2010,29(11):124-130.
[19]卞学良,南传立,肖汾阳,等.非圆柱形压实轮压实效果有限元分析[J].机械工程学报,2002,38(10):158-162.BIAN Xue-liang,NAN Chuan-li,XIAO Fen-yang,et al.FEM analysis of impaction effect of non-column wheels of compacting roller[J].Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2002,38(10):158-162.
[20]王生新,韩文峰,谌文武,等.冲击压实路基黄土的微观特征研究[J].岩土力学,2006,27(6):939-944.WANG Sheng-xin,HAN Wen-feng,CHEN Wen-wu,et al.Microstudy on roadbed loess improvement by impact compaction technology[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2006,27(6):939-944.
[21]AVALLE D L,SCOTT B T,JAKSA M B.Ground energy and impact of rolling dynamic compaction-results from research test site[C]//Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering—The Academia&Practice of Geotechnical Engineering.Alexandria:IOS Press,2009:2228-2231.
[22]KIM K.Numerical simulation of impact rollers for estimating the influence depth of soil compaction[D].Texas:Texas A&M University,2010.
[23]何柏岩,贺杰,李熙山.3YCT-12冲击式压实机[J].工程机械,2000,(8):3-4.HE Bai-yan,HE Jie,LI Xi-shan.3YCT-12 impact compactors[J].Construction Machinery and Equipment,2000,(8):3-4.
[24]刘康明,王必强,贺显林.YCT20与YCT25型冲击压路机[J].工程机械,2002,(3):9-10.LIU Kang-ming,WANG Bi-qiang,HE Xian-lin.Model YCT20 and model YCT25 impact compactors[J].Construction Machinery and Equipment,2002,(3):9
[25]PORAN C J,HEH K S,RODRGUEZ J A.Impact behavior of sand[J].Soils and Foundations,1992,32(4):81-92.
[26]贺杰,张润利,逄宏波,等.冲击压路机的发展趋势[J].工程机械,2002,(2):35-38.HE Jie,ZHANG Run-li,FENG Hong-bo,et al.Developing trend of impact compactors[J].Construction Machinery and Equipment,2002,(2):35-38.
[27]何柏岩,裴毅强,贺杰.三边形压实轮运动与能量分析[J].工程机械,2005,(9):29-31.HE Bai-yan,PEI Yi-qiang,HE Jie.Kinetic and kinematic analysis for triangle shaped compacting drum[J].Construction Machinery and Equipment,2005,(9):29-31.