瓯江口外潮汐通道区滩槽冲淤演变分析及其调整机制的探讨
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摘要
基于瓯江口外潮汐通道区的历史水深地形资料,利用地理信息系统技术,建立不同年份的数字高程模型(DEM),利用DEM进行数字化冲淤定量计算,分析特征地貌冲淤演变过程,并结合水文泥沙条件,对其演变和调整机制进行了初步探讨。结果表明:(1)1933—2005年的72a间,瓯江口外潮汐通道区底床总体表现为微量冲刷,平均冲刷厚度为27cm,冲刷速率为0.375cm/a。(2)特征地貌单元经历了较大幅度的冲淤演变和形态调整,深槽处于较稳定的冲刷拓展过程;温州浅滩持续淤积,近年来人类活动的影响加快其淤积;中沙浅滩和重山沙嘴受冲刷移动最终合二为一。(3)在自然的潮流动力作用下,浅滩与深槽之间进行泥沙交换运移,是研究区滩槽冲淤演变的主要调整机制。
With the application of GIS technology,the hydrographic data were transformed to DEM(digital elevation model)to calculate the amount of erosion and deposition,and then the evolution process of the main geomorphic units and their mechanism were also analyzed.There were several cognitions after analyzing:(1)The tendency of the sea bed erosion-accretion process was light scour,with 27 cm rang in 72 years and at the rate of 0.375cm/a.(2)The deep channels expanded all the time.the Wenzhou Sand Bank was kept accretion tendency,and human activities speeded up this tendency for these years.Zhongsha Sand Bank and Chongshan Sand Bank were kept scour tendency,finally linked each other and became a new Zhongsha Sand Bank in 1992.(3)Under the dynamic mechanism,the sediment movement occured between deep channels and sand banks,which was the mechanism of erosion-deposition evolution in the sea bed.
With the application of GIS technology,the hydrographic data were transformed to DEM(digital elevation model)to calculate the amount of erosion and deposition,and then the evolution process of the main geomorphic units and their mechanism were also analyzed.There were several cognitions after analyzing:(1)The tendency of the sea bed erosion-accretion process was light scour,with 27 cm rang in 72 years and at the rate of 0.375cm/a.(2)The deep channels expanded all the time.the Wenzhou Sand Bank was kept accretion tendency,and human activities speeded up this tendency for these years.Zhongsha Sand Bank and Chongshan Sand Bank were kept scour tendency,finally linked each other and became a new Zhongsha Sand Bank in 1992.(3)Under the dynamic mechanism,the sediment movement occured between deep channels and sand banks,which was the mechanism of erosion-deposition evolution in the sea bed.
引文
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(1)交通部天津水运工程科学研究所.瓯江口及其附近海域泥沙淤积环境与冲淤演变分析[R].2007.
(2)南京水利科学研究院.温州港乐清湾港区波浪潮流泥沙数学模型初步研究[R].2006.
[2]ZHANG Shu-yu,NI Yong-qiang,ZHAO Wei-jun,et al.Analysis of the influence of stopping flow project in south Lingkun Branch[C]//Proceedings of the academic annual conference of The Landmaking Professional Board of China Water Conserwance Society,2004:82-88.张舒羽,倪勇强,赵渭军,等.瓯江灵昆南口封堵工程影响分析[C]//中国水利学会围涂开发专委会2004学术年会论文集,2004:82-88.
[3]LI Meng-guo,LI Wen-dan.Study on schemes for stopping flow in south branch of Oujiang Eastuary[J].China Harbour Engineering,2009(3):19-22.李孟国,李文丹.瓯江南口封堵方案研究[J].中国港湾建设,2009(3):19-22.
[4]LI Meng-guo,WANG Zhen-lin.Feasibility Study of Land-making project at Wenzhou Shoal[J].China Harbour Engineering,2001(5):30-33.李孟国,王正林.温州浅滩围涂工程的可行性研究[J].中国港湾建设,2001(5):30-33.
[5]LI Meng-guo,JIANG Hou-wu,WU Yi-xi.Study on the influence of reclamation of Wenzhou Harbour and its navigational channel[J].Port Engineering Technology,2006(1):1-4.李孟国,蒋厚武,吴以喜.温州浅滩围涂工程对港口航道的影响研究[J].港工技术,2006(1):1-4.
[6]LI Meng-guo,WU Yi-xi,JIANG Hou-wu.Study of the effect of sand-excavation from the Middle Shoal at Oujiang Estuary of the navigational channel of Wenzhou Port[J].Journal of Waterway and Harbor,2005,26(4):195-200.李孟国,吴以喜,蒋厚武.瓯江中沙采砂对温州港航道的影响研究[J].水道港口,2005,26(4):195-200.
[7]WANG Liu-yang.Effects on hydrodynamic environment of the large-scale reclamation projects in the Oujiang Estuary[D].Dalian:Dalian University of Technology,2013:62-63.王留洋.瓯江口大规模围海工程对周边水动力环境的影响[D].大连:大连理工大学,2013:62-63.
[8]SONG Le,XIA Xiao-ming,LIU Yi-fei,et al.Variations in water and sediment fluxes from Oujiang River to Estuary[J].Journal of Sediment Research,2012(1):46-52.宋乐,夏小明,刘毅飞,等.瓯江河口入海水沙通量的变化规律[J].泥沙研究,2012(1):46-52.
[9]LI Bo-gen,WANG Cai-hong,ZHOU Hong-quan,et al.Adjustment mechanism on the erosion and accretion of riverbed in the Jiaojiang Estuary in Zhejiang Province,China[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2009,31(5):89-100.李伯根,王才洪,周鸿权,等.近70a来椒江河口河床冲淤调整机制[J].海洋学报,2009,31(5):89-100.
[10]WU Hua-lin,SHEN Huan-ting,HU Hui,et al.GIS supporting study on calculation of the amount of siltation and erosion in mouth bars of the Changjiang Estuary[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2002,24(2):84-93.吴华林,沈焕庭,胡辉,等.GIS支持下的长江口拦门沙泥沙冲淤定量计算[J].海洋学报,2002,24(2):84-93.
[11]WANG Yong-hong,SHEN Huan-ting,LI Guang-xue,et al.Calculation of the amount of siltation and erosion in the Xinqiao Channel of the South Branch of the Changjiang Estuary in China[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2005,27(5):145-150.王永红,沈焕庭,李广雪,等.长江口南支涨潮槽新桥水道冲淤变化的定量计算[J].海洋学报,2005,27(5):145-150.
[12]LI Heng-peng,YANG Gui-shan.The spatial analysis of erosion and deposition of tidal-flat by GIS[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2001,56(3):278-286.李恒鹏,杨桂山.基于GIS的淤泥质潮滩侵蚀堆积空间分析[J].地理学报,2001,56(3):278-286.
[13]ZHOU Hong-quan,LI Bo-gen.Preliminary analysis of scour and accretion on the seabed in the navigation channel of Xiangshan Bay,Zhejiang Province,China[J].Marine Science Bulletin,2007,26(4):34-41.周鸿权,李伯根.象山港航道冲淤变化初步分析[J].海洋通报,2007,26(4):34-41.
[14]SUN Ping-feng,SUN Zhi-lin,LI Bo-gen.GIS-based digital analysis of erosion and deposition in waterway of Maao Port[J].Journal of Marine Sciences,2007,25(3):32-41.孙平锋,孙志林,李伯根.基于GIS的马岙港航道冲淤数字化分析[J].海洋学研究,2007,25(3):32-41.
[15]China Bay Records Compiling Committee.Chinese bay records:The fourteenth section[M].Beijing:China Ocean Press,1998.中国海湾志编纂委员会.中国海湾志:第十四分册[M].北京:海洋出版社,1998.
(1)交通部天津水运工程科学研究所.瓯江口及其附近海域泥沙淤积环境与冲淤演变分析[R].2007.
(2)南京水利科学研究院.温州港乐清湾港区波浪潮流泥沙数学模型初步研究[R].2006.