试验性蓄水期嘉陵江长江交汇河段的冲淤特性
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摘要
变动回水区河段的侵蚀基准面在蓄水期抬升,在消落期和汛期逐渐恢复为天然状态,其冲淤调整特点不同于自然条件.以三峡库区嘉陵江与长江交汇河段为例,分析了175m试验性蓄水期前后交汇河段冲淤特性的变化.结果发现,175m试验性蓄水以前,交汇河段由于上游来沙持续减少出现了累积性冲刷,175m试验性蓄水以后,侵蚀基准面的抬升抑制了交汇河段的冲刷发展态势;其中支流嘉陵江来沙量减少的程度高于长江干流以及2008-2012年汛期汇流比大于2003-2007年,使得嘉陵江支流河段继续冲刷,而长江干流河段转为淤积.175m试验性蓄水前后交汇河段年内汛淤枯冲的基本规律未变,但主要走沙期由汛后推迟到了次年的水位消落期,走沙量减少.
As the level of erosion base raised,general cumulative deposition occurred in reservoir area including its river confluence reach.While concerning the fluctuating backwater area,its erosion basis rose up in impoundment period,and turned to the natural state during the period of low level or flood season,accordingly the silting-scouring characteristics is different from the other area.Based on confluence between the Jialing River and the Yangtze River in Three Gorges Project fluctuating backwater area,this paper analyzes silting-scouring characteristics at river confluence before and after 175 mexperimental impoundment.The results show:because of incoming sediment amount reduced,the accumulated scouring appeared in the river confluence in natural state.After 175 mimpoundment the scouring was restricted by raised erosion base level.Incoming sediment reduction degree in the Yangtze River was larger than that in the Jialing River,in addition the confluence ratio during 2008-2012 in flood season was larger than the situation in2003-2007;so the scouring continued to develop in tributary channel while the mainstream channel started silting.The basic law almost maintained silting in flood season and scouring in dry season;however,scouring was delayed to low level period in following year and the scouring volume decreased.
As the level of erosion base raised,general cumulative deposition occurred in reservoir area including its river confluence reach.While concerning the fluctuating backwater area,its erosion basis rose up in impoundment period,and turned to the natural state during the period of low level or flood season,accordingly the silting-scouring characteristics is different from the other area.Based on confluence between the Jialing River and the Yangtze River in Three Gorges Project fluctuating backwater area,this paper analyzes silting-scouring characteristics at river confluence before and after 175 mexperimental impoundment.The results show:because of incoming sediment amount reduced,the accumulated scouring appeared in the river confluence in natural state.After 175 mimpoundment the scouring was restricted by raised erosion base level.Incoming sediment reduction degree in the Yangtze River was larger than that in the Jialing River,in addition the confluence ratio during 2008-2012 in flood season was larger than the situation in2003-2007;so the scouring continued to develop in tributary channel while the mainstream channel started silting.The basic law almost maintained silting in flood season and scouring in dry season;however,scouring was delayed to low level period in following year and the scouring volume decreased.
引文
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[10]陈立,段涛,闫涛,刘同宦,朱晓凯.库区交汇流河段泥沙淤积特性研究[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2013,45(3):57-62.Chen Li,Duan Tao,Yan Tao,Liu Tonghuan,Zhu Xiaokai.Study on sediment deposition characteristics at river confluence in reservoir area[J].Journal of Sichuan University(Engineering Science Edition),2013,45(3):57-62.
[11]闫涛,陈立,陈珊,黄杰,朱晓凯.白石水库库区交汇河段不同遭遇洪水淤积试验[J].武汉大学学报(工学版),2014,47(1):18-22.Yan Tao,Chen Li,Chen Shan,Huang Jie,Zhu Xiaokai.Siltation test of confluence river reaches in Baishi reservoir under different flood encounter cases[J].Engineering Journal of Wuhan University,2014,47(1):18-22.
[12]闫涛,陈立,徐敏,平妍容.库区交汇河段水动力特性试验[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2015,(1):60-65.Yan Tao,Chen Li,Xu Min,Ping Yanrong.Experimental study of hydrodynamic characteristics at confluence reach in reservoir area[J].Journal of Hohai University(Natural Sciences),2015,(1):60-65.
[13]长江航道局.重庆河段走沙过程规律研究报告[R],2002.The Yangtze River Waterway Administration.The Research Report of Scouring Law at Chongqing Reach[R],2002.
[14]张绪进,母德伟,陈贤祎.上游来水来沙变化及对三峡水库回水变动区泥沙淤积的影响[J].水运工程,2009,(8):94-97.Zhang Xujin,Mu Dewei,Chen Xianyi.Impact on sediment deposition in the backwater of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area due to changes of the upstream sediment runoff[J].Port&Waterway Engineering,2009,(8):94-97.
[15]Lin Bingnan,Zhang Ren,Dai Dingzhong,Tan Ying.Sediment research for the Three Gorges Project on the Yangtze since 1993[J].International Journal of Sediment Research,2005,20(1):30-38.
[2]茅泽育,赵升伟,张磊,等.明渠交汇口三维水力特性试验研究[J].水利学报,2004,(2):1-6.Mao Zeyu,Zhao Shengwei,Zhang Lei,et al.Experimental study on 3Dflow characteristics at the confluence of open channels[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2004,(2):1-6.
[3]兰波,汪勇.干支流交汇水面形态特征分析[J].重庆交通大学学报,1997,16(4):113-114.Lan Bo,Wang Yong.The analysis of water level characteristics in confluence between main and tributary river[J].Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University,1997,16(4):113-114.
[4]王协康,王宪业,卢伟真,等.明渠水流交汇区流动特征试验研究[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2006,38(2):3-5.Wang Xiekang,Wang Xianye,Lu Weizhen,et al.Experimental study on flow structure at open channel confluences[J].Journal of Sichuan University(Engineering Science Edition),2006,38(2):3-5.
[5]王协康,杨青远,卢伟真,等.交汇水流分离区特征研究[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2008,40(6):4-6.Wang Xiekang,Yang Qingyuan,Lu Weizhen,et al.Study on characteristics of separation zone in confluence river[J].Journal of Sichuan University(Engineering Science Edition),2008,40(6):4-6.
[6]王协康,刘同宦,王宪业,等.受支流入汇作用主河推移质运动演化特征试验研究[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2005,37(6):8-9.Wang Xiekang,Liu Tonghuan,Wang Xianye,et al.Experimental study on evolution characteristics of bedload transport motion in main river with tributary action[J].Journal of Sichuan University(Engineering Science Edition),2005,37(6):8-9.
[7]詹磊,董耀华,刘同宦.干支流直角交汇水流泥沙运动特性初步研究[J].长江科学院院报,2010,27(8):7-9.Zhan Lei,Dong Yaohua,Liu Tonghuan.Preliminary study on natures of flow structure and sediment transport in right-angled conjunction of main and branch channels[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,2010,27(8):7-9.
[8]惠遇甲,张国生.交汇流河段水沙运动和冲淤特性的试验研究[J].水力发电学报,1990,(3):39-41.Hui Yujia,Zhang Guosheng.Experimental study on characteristics of flow and sediment in confluent river[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,1990,(3):39-41.
[9]刘同宦,王协康,郭炜,等.支流水沙作用下干流床面冲淤特征试验研究[J].长江科学院院报,2006,23(2):10-11.Liu Tonghuan,Wang Xiekang,Guo Wei,et al.Experimental study on bed morphology at channel confluence with tributry action[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,2006,23(2):10-11.
[10]陈立,段涛,闫涛,刘同宦,朱晓凯.库区交汇流河段泥沙淤积特性研究[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2013,45(3):57-62.Chen Li,Duan Tao,Yan Tao,Liu Tonghuan,Zhu Xiaokai.Study on sediment deposition characteristics at river confluence in reservoir area[J].Journal of Sichuan University(Engineering Science Edition),2013,45(3):57-62.
[11]闫涛,陈立,陈珊,黄杰,朱晓凯.白石水库库区交汇河段不同遭遇洪水淤积试验[J].武汉大学学报(工学版),2014,47(1):18-22.Yan Tao,Chen Li,Chen Shan,Huang Jie,Zhu Xiaokai.Siltation test of confluence river reaches in Baishi reservoir under different flood encounter cases[J].Engineering Journal of Wuhan University,2014,47(1):18-22.
[12]闫涛,陈立,徐敏,平妍容.库区交汇河段水动力特性试验[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2015,(1):60-65.Yan Tao,Chen Li,Xu Min,Ping Yanrong.Experimental study of hydrodynamic characteristics at confluence reach in reservoir area[J].Journal of Hohai University(Natural Sciences),2015,(1):60-65.
[13]长江航道局.重庆河段走沙过程规律研究报告[R],2002.The Yangtze River Waterway Administration.The Research Report of Scouring Law at Chongqing Reach[R],2002.
[14]张绪进,母德伟,陈贤祎.上游来水来沙变化及对三峡水库回水变动区泥沙淤积的影响[J].水运工程,2009,(8):94-97.Zhang Xujin,Mu Dewei,Chen Xianyi.Impact on sediment deposition in the backwater of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area due to changes of the upstream sediment runoff[J].Port&Waterway Engineering,2009,(8):94-97.
[15]Lin Bingnan,Zhang Ren,Dai Dingzhong,Tan Ying.Sediment research for the Three Gorges Project on the Yangtze since 1993[J].International Journal of Sediment Research,2005,20(1):30-38.