乌洛托品硝解制备黑索金过程中热安全的实验研究
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摘要
利用绝热加速度量热仪的恒温老化模式对反应过程的硝解液进行热行为研究。通过恒温放置实验,发现分解过程主要是副产物分解,主产物黑索金(RDX)并未分解。当起始放置时为22℃,绝热温升(ΔT_(ad))为596. 824℃; 25℃时,ΔT_(ad)为566. 213℃; 30℃时,ΔT_(ad)为570. 610℃。反应硝解液达到最大热分解速率用时24 h所对应的温度T_(D24)=85. 4℃。通过冷却失效情形法,可以确定其危险分级为4级危险情形。
The thermal behavior of the nitrate solution in the reaction process was studied by the constant temperature aging mode of the adiabatic calorimeter. Through the constant temperature placement experiment,it was found that the decomposition process was mainly decomposition of by-products,and the main product RDX was not decomposed. When the initial standing time was 22 ℃,the adiabatic temperature rise( ΔT_(ad)) was 596. 824 ℃; at25 ℃,the ΔT_(ad) was 566. 213 ℃; at 30 ℃,the ΔT_(ad) was 570. 610 ℃. The temperature corresponding to the reaction of the reaction solution to reach the maximum thermal decomposition rate of 24 hours is T_(D24)= 85. 4 ℃.Through the cooling failure method,it can be determined that the dangerous classification is a dangerous situation of level 4.
The thermal behavior of the nitrate solution in the reaction process was studied by the constant temperature aging mode of the adiabatic calorimeter. Through the constant temperature placement experiment,it was found that the decomposition process was mainly decomposition of by-products,and the main product RDX was not decomposed. When the initial standing time was 22 ℃,the adiabatic temperature rise( ΔT_(ad)) was 596. 824 ℃; at25 ℃,the ΔT_(ad) was 566. 213 ℃; at 30 ℃,the ΔT_(ad) was 570. 610 ℃. The temperature corresponding to the reaction of the reaction solution to reach the maximum thermal decomposition rate of 24 hours is T_(D24)= 85. 4 ℃.Through the cooling failure method,it can be determined that the dangerous classification is a dangerous situation of level 4.
引文
1任特生.硝铵及硝酸酯炸药化学与工艺学[M].北京:兵器工业出版社,1994:81-85Ren Tesheng.Ammonium nitrate and nitrate explosive chemistry and technology[M].Beijing:Weapon Industry Press,1994:81-85
2孙荣康,任特生,高怀琳.猛炸药的化学与工艺学[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1981Sun Rongkang,Ren Tesheng,Gao Huailin.Explosives in chemistry and technology[M].Beijing:National Defense Industry Press,1981
3 Yi W B,Cai C.Synthesis of RDX by nitrolysis of hexamethylenetetramine in fluorous media[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2008,150(3):839-842
4 Stoessel F.What is your thermal risk?[J].Chemical Engineering Progress,1993(10):68-75
5 Zenin A A,Finjakov S V.Characteristics of RDX combustion zones at different pressures and initial temperatures[J].Combustion Explosion and Shock Waves,2006,42(5):521-533
6 Chen C Y,Wu C W.Thermal hazard assessment and macrokinetics analysis of toluene mononitration in a batch reactor[J].Joumal of Loss Prevention Industries,1996,9(5):309-316
7 Gilpin V,Winkler C A.Studies of RDX and relate compoundsⅧ.thermochemisty of RDX reactions[J].Canadian Journal of Chemistry,1952,10(30):743-748
8 Bachann W E,Sheehan J C.A new method of preparing the high explosive RDX[J].Journal of the American Chemical Society,1949,71(5):1842-1845
9李艳春,闫石,成一.RDX热分解的TG-DSC-QMS-FTIR同步动力学[J].火炸药学报,2009,32(1):32-35Li Yanchun,Yan Shi,Cheng Yi.TG-DSC-QMS-FTIR synchronization kinetics of thermal decomposition of RDX[J].Journal of Explosives,2009,32(1):32-35
10韩苗苗,曹雄,谷明朝,等.丙酮对RDX溶液热分解的影响[J].火炸药学报,2013,36(5):90-92Han Miaomiao,Cao Xiong,Gu Mingzhao,et al.The effect of acetone on the thermal decomposition of RDX solution[J].Journal of Explosives,2013,36(5):90-92
2孙荣康,任特生,高怀琳.猛炸药的化学与工艺学[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1981Sun Rongkang,Ren Tesheng,Gao Huailin.Explosives in chemistry and technology[M].Beijing:National Defense Industry Press,1981
3 Yi W B,Cai C.Synthesis of RDX by nitrolysis of hexamethylenetetramine in fluorous media[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2008,150(3):839-842
4 Stoessel F.What is your thermal risk?[J].Chemical Engineering Progress,1993(10):68-75
5 Zenin A A,Finjakov S V.Characteristics of RDX combustion zones at different pressures and initial temperatures[J].Combustion Explosion and Shock Waves,2006,42(5):521-533
6 Chen C Y,Wu C W.Thermal hazard assessment and macrokinetics analysis of toluene mononitration in a batch reactor[J].Joumal of Loss Prevention Industries,1996,9(5):309-316
7 Gilpin V,Winkler C A.Studies of RDX and relate compoundsⅧ.thermochemisty of RDX reactions[J].Canadian Journal of Chemistry,1952,10(30):743-748
8 Bachann W E,Sheehan J C.A new method of preparing the high explosive RDX[J].Journal of the American Chemical Society,1949,71(5):1842-1845
9李艳春,闫石,成一.RDX热分解的TG-DSC-QMS-FTIR同步动力学[J].火炸药学报,2009,32(1):32-35Li Yanchun,Yan Shi,Cheng Yi.TG-DSC-QMS-FTIR synchronization kinetics of thermal decomposition of RDX[J].Journal of Explosives,2009,32(1):32-35
10韩苗苗,曹雄,谷明朝,等.丙酮对RDX溶液热分解的影响[J].火炸药学报,2013,36(5):90-92Han Miaomiao,Cao Xiong,Gu Mingzhao,et al.The effect of acetone on the thermal decomposition of RDX solution[J].Journal of Explosives,2013,36(5):90-92