基于集群效应的独立式冷却模块气动特性研究
|
摘要
为了研究独立式冷却模块中多热交换器气动特性之间的集群效应,以典型双热交换器工程机械独立式冷却模块为例进行试验与数值仿真研究.采用多孔介质模型模拟热交换器,利用多重参考坐标系方法模拟风扇性能,建立4种不同热交换器布置方案下的独立式冷却模块数值模型,对比分析气动特性,并进行冷却模块气动性能试验;通过改变热交换器间面积比与厚度比,完成独立式冷却模块气动特性主动控制方法的数值仿真研究.研究结果表明:独立式冷却模块气动特性上具有独特的集群效应,即当热交换器呈对置方式布置时,不论两者的倾斜角度如何,气动阻力都相等;数值仿真发现相比于面积比控制,当采用厚度比控制的主动控制策略时,改变独立式冷却模块热交换器之间的厚度比,流量比变化更为平缓,且受风扇转速的影响更小,并据此得到两热交换器之间冷却风量、气动阻力与结构参数之间的试验关联式.
Numerical and experimental studies were conducted to investigate the cluster effect of aerodynamic characteristics in detached cooling modules with multiple types of heat exchangers, considering the typical dual heat exchangers in construction machinery cooling modules as examples. The porous media model was used to simulate the heat exchanger, and the multiple reference frame method was used to simulate fan performance.Numerical analyses and further experimental research of the cooling modules were conducted under four different heat exchanger arrangements. Using numerical methods, the control method for the aerodynamic characteristics of an independent cooling module was studied by adjusting the area and thickness ratios of the heat exchanger.The experimental and numerical simulation results show that the aerodynamic characteristics of the independent cooling module is unique: when the two heat exchangers are arranged in opposing positions, the aerodynamic drag is equal regardless of the inclination angles of the exchangers. Numerical simulations of the active control method for aerodynamic characteristics show the following: Compared to modifying the area ratio of the heat exchanger, thickness ratio modification is a active control strategy because the flow rate ratio changes more gently and is less affected by the fan speed. Based on these findings, the experimental correlations among cooling air volume, aerodynamic drag, and structural parameters of the two heat exchangers are obtained.
Numerical and experimental studies were conducted to investigate the cluster effect of aerodynamic characteristics in detached cooling modules with multiple types of heat exchangers, considering the typical dual heat exchangers in construction machinery cooling modules as examples. The porous media model was used to simulate the heat exchanger, and the multiple reference frame method was used to simulate fan performance.Numerical analyses and further experimental research of the cooling modules were conducted under four different heat exchanger arrangements. Using numerical methods, the control method for the aerodynamic characteristics of an independent cooling module was studied by adjusting the area and thickness ratios of the heat exchanger.The experimental and numerical simulation results show that the aerodynamic characteristics of the independent cooling module is unique: when the two heat exchangers are arranged in opposing positions, the aerodynamic drag is equal regardless of the inclination angles of the exchangers. Numerical simulations of the active control method for aerodynamic characteristics show the following: Compared to modifying the area ratio of the heat exchanger, thickness ratio modification is a active control strategy because the flow rate ratio changes more gently and is less affected by the fan speed. Based on these findings, the experimental correlations among cooling air volume, aerodynamic drag, and structural parameters of the two heat exchangers are obtained.
引文
[1]韩松,陆国栋,俞小莉,等.智能型工程机械冷却系统:中国,ZL200920116820.1[P]. 2009-04-02.
[2]杨立军,杜小泽,张辉,等.电站空冷凝汽器轴流风机阵列集群效应的数值研究[J].科学通报,2011,56(15):1232-1239.YANG Lijun, DU Xiaoze, ZHANG Hui, et al.Numerical investigation on the cluster effect of an array of axial flow fans for air-cooled condensers in a power plant[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2011, 56(15):1232-1239.
[3]吕锋,俞小莉,陆国栋,等.密封对柴油机冷却模块性能影响的试验研究[J].内燃机工程,2012, 33(3):45-48.LU Feng, YU Xiaoli, LU Guodong, et al. Experimental study on effect of encapsulation of cooling module for diesel engine[J]. Chinese Internal Combustion Engine Engineering, 2012, 33(3):45-48.
[4]张毅,俞小莉,陆国栋,等.间距对散热器模块匹配性能影响的试验研究[J].内燃机工程,2006,27(5):46-49.ZHANG Yi, YU Xiaoli, LU Guodong, et al. Experimental study of distance between heat exchangers for cooling module match[J]. Chinese Internal Combustion Engine Engineering, 2006, 27(5):46-49.
[5]张毅,陆国栋,俞小莉.商用车多风扇冷却模块匹配研究[J].汽车工程,2014(5):552-555.ZHANG Yi, LU Guodong, YU Xiaoli. A study on the matching of multi-fans cooling module for commercial vehicles[J]. Automotive Engineering, 2014(5):552-555.
[6]陆国栋,俞小莉,张毅,等.间距对轮式装载机冷却组性能影响的风洞试验[J].浙江大学学报:工学版,2007(4):574-576.LU Guodong, YU Xiaoli, ZHANG Yi, et al. Wind tunnel test of spacing effects on wheel loader cooling package performance[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University:Engineering Science, 2007(4):574-576.
[7]SOLDNER J, ZOBEL W, EHLERS M, et al. A compact cooling system(CCS~(TM)):the key to meet future demands in heavy truck cooling[C/OL]//Proceedings of the 2001 Vehicle Thermal Management Systems Conference and Exhibition, Warwickshire:SAE Technical Paper. https://doi.org/10.4271/2001-01-1709.
[8]DU X P, ZENG M, WANG Q W. Experimental investigation of heat transfer and resistance characteristics of a finned oval-tube heat exchanger with different air inlet angles[J]. Heat Transfer Engineering,2014, 35(6/7/8):703-710.
[9]石海民,俞小莉,陆国栋,等.多风扇冷却模块节能控制的试验研究[J].汽车工程,2017,39(1):102-106.SHI Haimin, YU Xiaoli, LU Guodong, et al. An experimental study on energy-saving control of multi-fan cooling module[J]. Automotive Engineering, 2017,39(1):102-106.
[10]石海民,俞小莉,黄钰期,等.多风扇冷却模块导风罩深度结构研究[J].浙江大学学报:工学版,2017,51(9):1844-1850.SHI Haimin, YU Xiaoli, HUANG Yuqi, et al. Shroud depth structure of multi-fans cooling package[J].Journal of Zhejiang University:Engineering Science,2017, 51(9):1844-1850.
[11]GULLBERG P, LOFDAHL L, NILSSON P. Cooling airflow system modeling in cfd using assumption of stationary flow[C/OL]//SAE 2011 Commercial Vehicle Engineering Congress and Echibition, Rosement SAE Technical Paper. https://doi.org/10.4271/2011-01-2182.
[12]Fluent Inc. ANSYS FLUENT 14 User's guide[M/CD].Pittsburgh:ANSYS Press, 2012:312-336.
[13]傅佳宏,俞小莉,刘震涛,等.工程机械分离式冷却系统流动传热数值仿真[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2016,47(6):2119-2124.FU Jiahong, YU Xiaoli, LIU Zhentao, et al. Numerical study of flow and heat transfer on construction machinery detached vehicular cooling system[J]. Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology, 2016, 47(6):2119-2124.
[14]傅佳宏,俞小莉,药凌宇,等.工程机械独立式冷却模块流动传热仿真对比[J].吉林大学学报:工学版,2016,46(2):451-456.FU Jiahong, YU Xiaoli, YAO Lingyu, et al.Numerical comparison of flow and heat transfer in detached cooling module for construction machinery[J].Journal of Jilin University:Engineering and Technology Edition, 2016, 46(2):451-456.
[2]杨立军,杜小泽,张辉,等.电站空冷凝汽器轴流风机阵列集群效应的数值研究[J].科学通报,2011,56(15):1232-1239.YANG Lijun, DU Xiaoze, ZHANG Hui, et al.Numerical investigation on the cluster effect of an array of axial flow fans for air-cooled condensers in a power plant[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2011, 56(15):1232-1239.
[3]吕锋,俞小莉,陆国栋,等.密封对柴油机冷却模块性能影响的试验研究[J].内燃机工程,2012, 33(3):45-48.LU Feng, YU Xiaoli, LU Guodong, et al. Experimental study on effect of encapsulation of cooling module for diesel engine[J]. Chinese Internal Combustion Engine Engineering, 2012, 33(3):45-48.
[4]张毅,俞小莉,陆国栋,等.间距对散热器模块匹配性能影响的试验研究[J].内燃机工程,2006,27(5):46-49.ZHANG Yi, YU Xiaoli, LU Guodong, et al. Experimental study of distance between heat exchangers for cooling module match[J]. Chinese Internal Combustion Engine Engineering, 2006, 27(5):46-49.
[5]张毅,陆国栋,俞小莉.商用车多风扇冷却模块匹配研究[J].汽车工程,2014(5):552-555.ZHANG Yi, LU Guodong, YU Xiaoli. A study on the matching of multi-fans cooling module for commercial vehicles[J]. Automotive Engineering, 2014(5):552-555.
[6]陆国栋,俞小莉,张毅,等.间距对轮式装载机冷却组性能影响的风洞试验[J].浙江大学学报:工学版,2007(4):574-576.LU Guodong, YU Xiaoli, ZHANG Yi, et al. Wind tunnel test of spacing effects on wheel loader cooling package performance[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University:Engineering Science, 2007(4):574-576.
[7]SOLDNER J, ZOBEL W, EHLERS M, et al. A compact cooling system(CCS~(TM)):the key to meet future demands in heavy truck cooling[C/OL]//Proceedings of the 2001 Vehicle Thermal Management Systems Conference and Exhibition, Warwickshire:SAE Technical Paper. https://doi.org/10.4271/2001-01-1709.
[8]DU X P, ZENG M, WANG Q W. Experimental investigation of heat transfer and resistance characteristics of a finned oval-tube heat exchanger with different air inlet angles[J]. Heat Transfer Engineering,2014, 35(6/7/8):703-710.
[9]石海民,俞小莉,陆国栋,等.多风扇冷却模块节能控制的试验研究[J].汽车工程,2017,39(1):102-106.SHI Haimin, YU Xiaoli, LU Guodong, et al. An experimental study on energy-saving control of multi-fan cooling module[J]. Automotive Engineering, 2017,39(1):102-106.
[10]石海民,俞小莉,黄钰期,等.多风扇冷却模块导风罩深度结构研究[J].浙江大学学报:工学版,2017,51(9):1844-1850.SHI Haimin, YU Xiaoli, HUANG Yuqi, et al. Shroud depth structure of multi-fans cooling package[J].Journal of Zhejiang University:Engineering Science,2017, 51(9):1844-1850.
[11]GULLBERG P, LOFDAHL L, NILSSON P. Cooling airflow system modeling in cfd using assumption of stationary flow[C/OL]//SAE 2011 Commercial Vehicle Engineering Congress and Echibition, Rosement SAE Technical Paper. https://doi.org/10.4271/2011-01-2182.
[12]Fluent Inc. ANSYS FLUENT 14 User's guide[M/CD].Pittsburgh:ANSYS Press, 2012:312-336.
[13]傅佳宏,俞小莉,刘震涛,等.工程机械分离式冷却系统流动传热数值仿真[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2016,47(6):2119-2124.FU Jiahong, YU Xiaoli, LIU Zhentao, et al. Numerical study of flow and heat transfer on construction machinery detached vehicular cooling system[J]. Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology, 2016, 47(6):2119-2124.
[14]傅佳宏,俞小莉,药凌宇,等.工程机械独立式冷却模块流动传热仿真对比[J].吉林大学学报:工学版,2016,46(2):451-456.FU Jiahong, YU Xiaoli, YAO Lingyu, et al.Numerical comparison of flow and heat transfer in detached cooling module for construction machinery[J].Journal of Jilin University:Engineering and Technology Edition, 2016, 46(2):451-456.