齿条冷滚打成形加工硬化行为研究
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摘要
以冷滚打成形齿条为研究对象,沿齿廓线法向对成形齿槽硬度分布进行测量,得到了硬化层沿深度方向的分布规律以及工艺参数对齿槽底部、齿槽圆角、齿壁、齿顶处硬化程度的影响规律;对成形齿槽微观组织进行分析,获得位错密度与硬化程度之间的对应关系。结果表明:齿槽圆角处成形过程中变形量最大,位错积塞现象显著,硬化程度最高,齿壁次之,齿顶处硬化程度最低;齿槽沿深度方向晶粒细化程度逐渐降低,位错密度减小,硬化程度逐渐减弱,齿槽底部受多次滚打叠加作用的影响,硬度在次表层达到最大值。
For the cold roll-beating of rack,the hardness distribution of the formed tooth groove was measured along the normal direction of tooth profile,and the distribution of hardening layer along the depth direction and the influences of process parameters on the hardening degree of the tooth groove bottom,the tooth groove fillet,the tooth wall and the tooth top were obtained. Then,the microstructure of the formed tooth groove was analyzed,and the correspondence relationship between the dislocation density and the degree of hardening was obtained. The results show that the deformation of the tooth groove fillet is the largest,the dislocation plugging is significant,the hardening degree is the highest,the tooth wall is the second,and the tooth top is the lowest. Furthermore,the degree of grain refinement along the depth direction of the tooth groove is gradually reduced,the dislocation density is reduced,the degree of hardening is gradually weakened,and the hardness reaches the maximum in the subsurface due to the tooth groove bottom affected by multiple roll-beating effects.
For the cold roll-beating of rack,the hardness distribution of the formed tooth groove was measured along the normal direction of tooth profile,and the distribution of hardening layer along the depth direction and the influences of process parameters on the hardening degree of the tooth groove bottom,the tooth groove fillet,the tooth wall and the tooth top were obtained. Then,the microstructure of the formed tooth groove was analyzed,and the correspondence relationship between the dislocation density and the degree of hardening was obtained. The results show that the deformation of the tooth groove fillet is the largest,the dislocation plugging is significant,the hardening degree is the highest,the tooth wall is the second,and the tooth top is the lowest. Furthermore,the degree of grain refinement along the depth direction of the tooth groove is gradually reduced,the dislocation density is reduced,the degree of hardening is gradually weakened,and the hardness reaches the maximum in the subsurface due to the tooth groove bottom affected by multiple roll-beating effects.
引文
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[14]杜大鹏,董湘怀.基于位错密度的流动应力模型的研究[J].模具技术,2010,(3):6-8,33.Du D P,Dong X H.Study on the flow stress model based on dislocation density[J].Die and Mould Technology,2010,(3):6-8,33.
[15]柳爱群,黄西成.高应变率变形的Johnson-Cook动态本构模型参数识别方法[J].应用数学和力学,2014,35(2):219-225.Liu A Q,Huang X C.Parameter identification method for JohnsonCook dynamic constitutive model with high strain rate deformation[J].Applied Mathematics and Mechanics,2014,35(2):219-225.
[2]张璐,李言,杨明顺,等.丝杠冷滚打成形过程金属流动规律研究[J].中国机械工程,2012,23(13):1623-1628.Zhang L,Li Y,Yang M S,et al.Study on metal flowing of lead cold roll-beating forming[J].China Mechanical Engineering,2012,23(13):1623-1628.
[3]李玉玺,李言,杨明顺,等.滚珠丝杠冷滚打的齿形理论误差研究[J].兵工学报,2015,36(8):1594-1600.Li Y X,Li Y,Yang M S,et al.Investigation of the tooth profile error based on the forming theory of balloscrew manufactured by cold rolling[J].Acta Armamentarii,2015,36(8):1594-1600.
[4]杨合,孙志超,詹梅,等.局部加载控制不均匀变形与精确塑性成形进展[J].塑性工程学报,2008,15(2):6-14.Yang H,Sun Z C,Zhan M,et al.Advances in control of unequal deformation by locally loading and theories related to precision plastic forming[J].Journal of Plasticity Engineering,2008,15(2):6-14.
[5]全建辉,崔凤奎,杨建玺,等.基于ANSYS/LS-DYNA的花键冷滚轧成形数值模拟[J].中国机械工程,2008,19(4):419-422.Quan J H,Cui F K,Yang J X,et al.Numerical simulation of involute spline shaft's cold-rolling forming based on ANSYS/LS-DY-NA[J].China Mechanical Engineering,2008,19(4):419-422.
[6]崔凤奎.高速精密冷滚打成形技术研究[D].西安:西安理工大学,2007.Cui F K.Study of High-speed Precise Forming with Cold Rollbeating in Technique[D].Xi'an:Xi'an University of Technology,2007.
[7]Cui F K,Wang X Q,Zhang F S,et al.Metal flowing of involute spline cold roll-beating forming[J].Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2013,26(5):1056-1062.
[8]崔凤奎,苏涌翔,王晓强,等.冷滚打花键表层加工硬化双响应曲面-满意度函数的优化分析[J].塑性工程学报,2018,25(3):129-135.Cui F K,Su Y X,Wang X Q,et al.Analysis on optimization of double-response surface-satisfaction function of surface work-hardening for cold roll-beating spline[J].Journal of Plasticity Engineering,2018,25(3):129-135.
[9]王晓强,崔凤奎,燕根鹏,等.40Cr冷滚打成形中位错密度变化研究[J].中国机械工程,2013,24(16):2248-2252.Wang X Q,Cui F K,Yan G P,et al.Study on dislocation density change during cold roll-beating of 40Cr[J].China Mechanical Engineering,2013,24(16):2248-2252.
[10]梁小明,李言,杨明顺,等.冷滚打成形件表面鳞纹表征参数的解析及修正研究[J].机械科学与技术,2016,35(4):606-613.Liang X M,Li Y,Yang M S,et al.Analysis and modification on characterization parameter of surface scale-texture for cold rollbeating forming parts[J].Mechanical Science and Technology for Aerospace Engineering,2016,35(4):606-613.
[11]Gao X Q,Yang M S,Wei F Z,et al.Analysis of material behavior in slab cold roll-beating forming operations[J].Journal of the Balkan Tribological Association,2016,(1A):637-651.
[12]李玉玺,李言,杨明顺,等.40Cr高速冷滚打成形过程模拟分析[J].机械科学与技术,2016,35(4):594-600.Li Y X,Li Y,Yang M S,et al.Simulation analysis for high speed cold roll-beating forming process of 40Cr steel[J].Mechanical Science and Technology for Aerospace Engineering,2016,35(4):594-600.
[13]Chia K H,Kang J,Conrad H.Dislocation density model for the effect of grain size on the flow stress of a Ti-15.2 at.%Moβ-alloy at 4.2-650K[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2005,409(1):32-38.
[14]杜大鹏,董湘怀.基于位错密度的流动应力模型的研究[J].模具技术,2010,(3):6-8,33.Du D P,Dong X H.Study on the flow stress model based on dislocation density[J].Die and Mould Technology,2010,(3):6-8,33.
[15]柳爱群,黄西成.高应变率变形的Johnson-Cook动态本构模型参数识别方法[J].应用数学和力学,2014,35(2):219-225.Liu A Q,Huang X C.Parameter identification method for JohnsonCook dynamic constitutive model with high strain rate deformation[J].Applied Mathematics and Mechanics,2014,35(2):219-225.