青藏高原东北缘冷龙岭断裂全新世左旋滑动速率
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摘要
冷龙岭断裂是青藏高原东北缘1条重要的左旋走滑断裂,断裂滑动速率对于青藏高原东北缘构造形变的动力学研究以及认识断裂的活动习性和地震危险性具有重要意义。但是,冷龙岭断裂的滑动速率仍然存在较大争议,被限定在3~24mm/a一个较为宽泛的范围内。文中以青海省门源县他里花沟上游走滑断裂断错地貌现象较为典型的牛头沟地区(37.440 2°N,102.094 0°E)和柴陇地区(37.447 3°N,102.063 0°E)作为研究对象,采用地基LiDAR获取的高分辨率DEM和高精度Google Earth卫星影像对断错地貌进行了位错演化模式分析和位错量的恢复测量,结合地貌面上开挖地层探坑和剥离新鲜地层剖面上的年代样品采集与测试,确定了断错地貌面的废弃年代。在牛头沟地区和柴陇地区得到的滑动速率分别为(6.4±0.7)mm/a和(6.6±0.3)mm/a,2个研究地区获得的结果存在较好的一致性。考虑到滑动速率的误差范围,认为冷龙岭断裂全新世以来的左旋滑动速率为(6.4±0.7)mm/a,该滑动速率介于前人采用地质方法获得的结果中间,也在In SAR得到的滑动速率4.2~8mm/a范围内,但比GPS速率((4.0±1.0)mm/a)稍大。祁连-海原断裂带弧形分布的晚第四纪滑动速率在冷龙岭地区达到最大,青藏高原东北缘在该地区最强烈的隆升也从1个侧面证实了冷龙岭断裂在调节青藏高原相对于戈壁-阿拉善地块向E运动方面所处的重要地位。
The Lenglongling Fault(LLLF) is a major active left-lateral strike-slip fault along the northeastern margin of the Tibetan plateau.Fault slip rate is of great significance for researching the dynamics of tectonic deformation in NE Tibetan plateau and understanding the activity and seismic risk of the fault.However,slip rate of the LLLF,which remains controversial,is limited within ~3~24mm/a,a relatively broad range.Taking Niutougou site(37.440 2° N,102.094 0° E) and Chailong site(37.447 3°N,102.063 0°E) in the upstream of Talihua gully in Menyuan County,Qinghai Province as the research objects,where faulted landform is typical,we analyzed the displacement evolution model and measured the slip amounts by back-slip of the faulted landform using high-resolution DEM from Terrestrial Li DAR and high-precision satellite images of Google Earth,and by collecting and testing samples from stratigraphic pit excavated in the faulted landform surface and stripping fresh stratigraphic section,we determined the abandonment age of the surface.Holocene slip rate obtained from Niutougou site and Chailong site is(6.4±0.7) mm/a and(6.6±0.3) mm/a,respectively,which have a good consistency.Taking into account the error range of the slip rate,the left-lateral slip rate of the LLLF is(6.6±0.8) mm/a since Holocene,which is between the previons results from geological method,also within the slip rate range of 4.2~8mm/a from In SAR,but slightly larger than that from GPS((4.0±1.0) mm/a).Late Quaternary slip rate of Qilian-Haiyuan fault zone,which displays an arc-shape distribution,turns to be the largest in LLLF region.The most intensive uplift in the LLLF region of the NE Tibetan plateau confirms the important role of the LLLF in accommodating the eastward component of movement of Tibetan plateau relative to the Gobi-Ala Shan block from one side.
The Lenglongling Fault(LLLF) is a major active left-lateral strike-slip fault along the northeastern margin of the Tibetan plateau.Fault slip rate is of great significance for researching the dynamics of tectonic deformation in NE Tibetan plateau and understanding the activity and seismic risk of the fault.However,slip rate of the LLLF,which remains controversial,is limited within ~3~24mm/a,a relatively broad range.Taking Niutougou site(37.440 2° N,102.094 0° E) and Chailong site(37.447 3°N,102.063 0°E) in the upstream of Talihua gully in Menyuan County,Qinghai Province as the research objects,where faulted landform is typical,we analyzed the displacement evolution model and measured the slip amounts by back-slip of the faulted landform using high-resolution DEM from Terrestrial Li DAR and high-precision satellite images of Google Earth,and by collecting and testing samples from stratigraphic pit excavated in the faulted landform surface and stripping fresh stratigraphic section,we determined the abandonment age of the surface.Holocene slip rate obtained from Niutougou site and Chailong site is(6.4±0.7) mm/a and(6.6±0.3) mm/a,respectively,which have a good consistency.Taking into account the error range of the slip rate,the left-lateral slip rate of the LLLF is(6.6±0.8) mm/a since Holocene,which is between the previons results from geological method,also within the slip rate range of 4.2~8mm/a from In SAR,but slightly larger than that from GPS((4.0±1.0) mm/a).Late Quaternary slip rate of Qilian-Haiyuan fault zone,which displays an arc-shape distribution,turns to be the largest in LLLF region.The most intensive uplift in the LLLF region of the NE Tibetan plateau confirms the important role of the LLLF in accommodating the eastward component of movement of Tibetan plateau relative to the Gobi-Ala Shan block from one side.
引文
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(1)地质部甘肃省地质局,1965,武威幅1:200 000地质图与说明书。
(1)地质部甘肃省地质局,1965,武威幅1:200 000地质图与说明书。
邓起东,张培震,冉勇康,等.2002.中国活动构造基本特征[J].中国科学(D辑),32(12):1020-1030.DENG Qi-dong,ZHANG Pei-zhen,RAN Yong-kang,et al.2002.Basic characteristics of active tectonics of China[J].Science in China(Ser D),46(4):356-372.
顾功叙.1983.中国地震目录(公元前1831年-公元1969年)[Z].北京:科学出版社.GU Gong-xu.1983.Catalogue of Chinese Earthquakes(1831 BC-1969 AD)[Z].Scince Press,Beijing(in Chinese).
国家地震局地质研究所,宁夏回族自治区地震局.1990.海原活动断裂带[M].北京:地震出版社.99-138.Institute of Geology,State Seismological Bureau,Ningxia Seismological Bureau.1990.Haiyuan Active Fault System[M].Seismological Press,Beijing.99-138(in Chinese).
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何文贵,袁道阳,葛伟鹏,等.2010.祁连山活动断裂带中东段冷龙岭断裂滑动速率的精确厘定[J].地震,30(1):131-137.HE Wen-gui,YUAN Dao-yang,GE Wei-peng,et al.2010.Determination of the slip rate of the Lenglongling Fault in the middle and eastern segments of the Qilian Mountain active fault zone[J].Earthquake,30(1):131-137(in Chinese).
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任治坤,陈涛,张会平,等.2014.Li DAR技术在活动构造研究中的应用[J].地质学报,88(6):1196-1207.REN Zhi-kun,CHEN Tao,ZHANG Hui-ping,et al.2014.Li DAR survey in active tectonics studies:An introduction and overview[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,88(6):1196-1207(in Chinese).
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张培震,王敏,甘卫军,等.2003.GPS观测的活动断裂滑动速率及其对现今大陆动力作用的制约[J].地学前缘,10(S):81-92.ZHANG Pei-zhen,WANG Min,GAN Wei-jun,et al.2003.Slip rates along major active faults from GPSmeasurements and constraints on contemporary continental tectonics[J].Earth Science Frontiers,10(S):81-92(in Chinese).
赵井东,周尚哲,史正涛,等.2001.祁连山东段冷龙岭南麓白水河冰碛物ESR测年研究[J].兰州大学学报:自然科学版,37(4):110-117.ZHAO Jing-dong,ZHOU Shang-zhe,SHI Zheng-tao,et al.2001.ESR dating of glacial tills of Baishuihe River on the southern slope of Lenglongling in the eastern part of Qilian Mountains[J].Journal of Lanzhou University(Natural Sciences),37(4):110-117(in Chinese).
Avouac J P,Tapponnier P.1993.Kinematic model of active deformation in central Asia[J].Geophysical Research Letters,20(10):895-898.
Bendick R,Bilham R,Freymueller J,et al.2000.Geodetic evidence for a low slip rate in the Altyn Tagh fault system[J].Nature,404(6773):69-72.
Bull W B.1991.Geomorphic Response to Climatic Change[M].Oxford University Press,New York:326.
Burchfiel B C,Zhang P Z,Wang Y P,et al.1991.Geology of the Haiyuan fault zone,Ningxia-Hui Autonomous Region,China,and its relation to the evolution of the northeastern margin of the Tibetan plateau[J].Tectonics,10(6):1091-1110.
CavaliéO,Lasserre C,Doin M P,et al.2008.Measurement of interseismic strain across the Haiyuan Fault(Gansu,China),by In SAR[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,275(3-4):246-257.doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2008.07.057.
Chevalier M L,Ryerson F J,Tapponnier P,et al.2005.Slip-rate measurements on the Karakorum Fault may imply secular variations in fault motion[J].Science,307(5708):411-414.
Cowgill E.2007.Impact of riser reconstructions on estimation of secular variation in rates of strike-slip faulting:Revisiting the Cherchen River site along the Altyn Tagh Fault,NW China[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,254(3-4):239-255.doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2006.09.015.
Duvall A R,Clark M K.2010.Dissipation of fast strike-slip faulting within and beyond northeastern Tibet[J].Geology,38(3):223-226.doi:10.1130/g30711.1.
England P,Molnar P.1997.Active deformation of Asia:From kinematics to dynamics[J].Science,278(5338):647-650.
Gan W J,Zhang P Z,Shen Z K,et al.2007.Present-day crustal motion within the Tibetan plateau inferred from GPSmeasurements[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,112(B8):B08416.doi:10.1029/2005jb004120.
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(1)地质部甘肃省地质局,1965,武威幅1:200 000地质图与说明书。
(1)地质部甘肃省地质局,1965,武威幅1:200 000地质图与说明书。