导航辅助下基于LAS码的天基多目标测控
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摘要
中继卫星的天基测控是解决中低轨道航天器大范围、长时间、多目标测控的有效途径,但用户星到中继卫星的时延误差、多普勒频移校正误差等参数会对多目标测控带来干扰。针对该问题,首先分析了定位误差引起的时延误差、多普勒频移校正误差等因素,设计了天基多目标前向链路遥控SMA(S-band Multiple Access,S频段多址)信号形式和反向遥测链路SMA信号形式,选择与时延校正误差相匹配的LAS(Large Area Synchronous,大区域同步)码作为反向遥测信息的扩频码,建立了导航辅助的终端时延和频率预校正方案模型,可以有效消除多用户干扰。仿真表明,当Eb/N0≥10.5dB时,前向遥控信息误码率pe≤1×10~(-6),反向遥测信息误码率pe≤1×10~(-6),使用LAS码比Gold序列约有2dB性能改善,为基于我国天链卫星的中低轨道卫星稳定运行、载人航天交会对接以及后续空间站建设等任务的测控提供重要参考。
With the rapid development of China's manned space flights,Beidou navigation and Low Earth Orbit(LEO)constellation system,Tracking and Data Relay Satellite(TDRS)provides a fundamental solution to solve the long time,high coverage and multi-satellites Tracking,Telemetry and Command(TT&C)problems for its space-based design thinking.In this process,parameters such as time delay of user satellites to relay satellites and correction error of Doppler frequency shift will bring interference to multi-object TT&C.In order to solve this problem,this paper analyzes factors such as time delay,Doppler frequency shift correction error due to positioning error,design S-band Multiple Access(SMA)signal form of forward link and reverse link based on the multi-object,choose Large Area Synchronous(LAS)code matching the time delay correction error as the spread spectrum code of the reverse telemetry information,and then proposes a navigation aided terminal delay and frequency pre-correction scheme model,which can eliminate multi-user interference effectively.Simulation results show when E_b/N_0 of reverse link is more than 10.5dB,the bit error rate of telemetry information is less than 1×10~(-6),which is economized 2dB compared with Gold sequence.It provides an important reference to space-based TT&C for the stable operation of satellites in orbit,manned space rendezvous and docking and subsequent space station construction,etc.
With the rapid development of China's manned space flights,Beidou navigation and Low Earth Orbit(LEO)constellation system,Tracking and Data Relay Satellite(TDRS)provides a fundamental solution to solve the long time,high coverage and multi-satellites Tracking,Telemetry and Command(TT&C)problems for its space-based design thinking.In this process,parameters such as time delay of user satellites to relay satellites and correction error of Doppler frequency shift will bring interference to multi-object TT&C.In order to solve this problem,this paper analyzes factors such as time delay,Doppler frequency shift correction error due to positioning error,design S-band Multiple Access(SMA)signal form of forward link and reverse link based on the multi-object,choose Large Area Synchronous(LAS)code matching the time delay correction error as the spread spectrum code of the reverse telemetry information,and then proposes a navigation aided terminal delay and frequency pre-correction scheme model,which can eliminate multi-user interference effectively.Simulation results show when E_b/N_0 of reverse link is more than 10.5dB,the bit error rate of telemetry information is less than 1×10~(-6),which is economized 2dB compared with Gold sequence.It provides an important reference to space-based TT&C for the stable operation of satellites in orbit,manned space rendezvous and docking and subsequent space station construction,etc.
引文
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[2]Goddard Space Flight Center.Goddard space flight center exploration and space communications projects network users guide,450-SNUG[R].Maryland:Goddard Space Flight Center,2007.
[3]史西斌,李本津,王琨,等.美国三代跟踪与数据中继卫星系统的发展[J].飞行器测控学报,2011,30(2):1-8.Shi Xibin,Li Benjin,Wang Kun,et al.Development of three generations of tracking and data relay satellite system[J].Journal of Spacecraft TT&C Technology,2011,30(2):1-8(in Chinese).
[4]Oppenhaeuser G,Holtz L,Bird A.The artmis missionESAs latest communication satellite[C]//52th International Astronautical Congress of the International Astronautical Federation(IAF).Toulouse,2001.
[5]Fujiwara Y,Sudo Y.Japanese first data relay test satellite[C]//54th International Astronautical Congress of the International Astronautical Federation(IAF).Bremen,2003.
[6]陈洪,陈一鸣,张尔扬.MC-CDMA在TDRSS系统SMA业务中的适应性研究[J].宇航学报,2007,28(2):479-483.Chen Hong,Chen Yiming,Zhang Eryang.Applicability study of MC-CDMA in TDRSS SMA servings[J].Journal of Aatronautics,2007,28(2):479-483(in Chinese).
[7]张丽艳,丁溯泉,史西斌.中继卫星系统组网备份策略研究[J].飞行器测控学报,2013,32(1):17-22.Zhang Liyan,Ding Suquan,Shi Xibin.Research on networking and backup strategy of Chinas TDRSS system[J].Journal of Spacecraft TT&C Technology,2013,32(1):17-22(in Chinese).
[8]李飞龙,李广侠,李志强,等.基于多层分簇的北斗卫星导航系统拓扑结构与路由策略[J].通信学报,2014,35(10):31-41.Li Feilong,Li Guangxia,Li Zhiqiang,et al.Topology structure and routing policy based on multilayered clusters in Beidou satellite navigation system[J].Journal of Communications,2014,35(10):31-41(in Chinese).
[9]朱先伟,何宏,张大建,等.LAS码的设计及其相关性分析[J].天津理工大学学报,2006,22(5):25-27.Zhu Xianwei,He Hong,Zhang Dajian,et al.Study on the design and correlation characteristic of LAS code[J].Journal of Tianjin University of Technology,2006,22(5):25-27(in Chinese).
[10]施建超,黄华.LAS码的构造及LAS-CDMA相对于传统CDMA的优势[J].通信技术,2007,40(12):148-151.Shi Jianchao,Huang Hua.The construction of LAS codes and LAS-CDMAs comparative advantages over the traditional CDMA[J].Journal of Communications Technology,2007,40(12):148-151(in Chinese).
[11]李飞龙,卢超,李薇,等.基于HPOP的低轨星座多普勒与时延研究[J].通信技术,2016,49(1):18-23.Li Feilong,Lu Chao,Li Wei,et al.HPOP-based Doppler frequency-shift and time-delay of polar orbit constellation satellite[J].Communications Technology,2016,49(1):18-23(in Chinese).
[12]杜耀珂.基于STK的卫星实时视景仿真系统设计[J].空间控制技术与应用,2009,35(2):60-64.Du Yaoke.Design of STK-based realtime visualization simulation system for satellites[J].Journal of Aerospace Control and Application,2009,35(2):60-64(in Chinese).
[13]张彩娟.STK及其在卫星系统仿真中的应用[J].无线电通信技术,2007,33(4):45-46.Zhang Caijuan.STK and its application in satellite system simulation[J].Journal of Radio Communications Technology,2007,33(4):45-46(in Chinese).
[14]赵军祥,李建辉,常青,等.GPS授时校频方法研究与试验结果[J].北京航空航天大学学报,2004,30(8):762-766.Zhao Junxiang,Li Jianhui,Chang Qing,et al.Study on GPS timing and frequency calibration method and the test results[J].Journal of Beijing University of Eronautics and Astronatucis,2004,30(8):762-766(in Chinese).
[15]李飞龙.基于LAS码的空间多目标测控技术研究[D].南京:中国人民解放军理工大学,2013.Li Feilong.Research of multi-objective TT&C technology based on large area synchronous code[D].Nanjing:PLA University of Science and Technology,2013(in Chinese).
[16]武文俊,李志刚,杨旭海,等.卫星双向时间频率传递中的Sagnac效应[J].宇航学报,2012,33(7):936-941.Wu Wenjun,Li Zhigang,Yang Xuhai,et al.Sagnac effect on two-way satellite time and frequency transfer[J].Journal of Astronautics,2012,33(7):936-941(in Chinese).
[17]李飞龙,李志强,李广侠,等.基于LAS码的星群多目标测控技术研究[J].飞行器测控学报,2014,33(3):188-195.Li Feilong,Li Zhiqiang,Li Guangxia,et al.The research of formation flying satellites multi-objective TT&C based on LAS code[J].Journal of Spacecraft TT&C Technology,2014,33(3):188-195(in Chinese).
[18]蔚保国,罗伟雄.航天飞行器多目标测控系统研究[J].无线电工程,2005,35(7):26-28.Yu Baoguo,Luo Weixiong.Research on multi spacecraft telemetry and telecontrol system[J].Journal of Radio Engieering of China,2005,35(7):26-28(in Chinese).
[19]杨志群,曲晓云.低轨航天器中继测控终端固定宽波束天线覆盖研究[J].航天器工程,2015,24(2):81-86.Yang Zhiqun,Qu Xiaoyun.Study on coverage of fixed broad beam antenna for data relay satellite system TT&C terminal[J].Journal of Spacecraft Engineering,2015,24(2):81-86(in Chinese).
[20]李艳华,卢满宏.天基测控系统应用发展趋势探讨[J].飞行器测控学报,2012,31(4):1-5.Li Yanhua,Lu Manhong.Trends of applications of spacebased TT&C system[J].Journal of Spacecraft TT&C Technology,2012,31(4):1-5(in Chinese).
[2]Goddard Space Flight Center.Goddard space flight center exploration and space communications projects network users guide,450-SNUG[R].Maryland:Goddard Space Flight Center,2007.
[3]史西斌,李本津,王琨,等.美国三代跟踪与数据中继卫星系统的发展[J].飞行器测控学报,2011,30(2):1-8.Shi Xibin,Li Benjin,Wang Kun,et al.Development of three generations of tracking and data relay satellite system[J].Journal of Spacecraft TT&C Technology,2011,30(2):1-8(in Chinese).
[4]Oppenhaeuser G,Holtz L,Bird A.The artmis missionESAs latest communication satellite[C]//52th International Astronautical Congress of the International Astronautical Federation(IAF).Toulouse,2001.
[5]Fujiwara Y,Sudo Y.Japanese first data relay test satellite[C]//54th International Astronautical Congress of the International Astronautical Federation(IAF).Bremen,2003.
[6]陈洪,陈一鸣,张尔扬.MC-CDMA在TDRSS系统SMA业务中的适应性研究[J].宇航学报,2007,28(2):479-483.Chen Hong,Chen Yiming,Zhang Eryang.Applicability study of MC-CDMA in TDRSS SMA servings[J].Journal of Aatronautics,2007,28(2):479-483(in Chinese).
[7]张丽艳,丁溯泉,史西斌.中继卫星系统组网备份策略研究[J].飞行器测控学报,2013,32(1):17-22.Zhang Liyan,Ding Suquan,Shi Xibin.Research on networking and backup strategy of Chinas TDRSS system[J].Journal of Spacecraft TT&C Technology,2013,32(1):17-22(in Chinese).
[8]李飞龙,李广侠,李志强,等.基于多层分簇的北斗卫星导航系统拓扑结构与路由策略[J].通信学报,2014,35(10):31-41.Li Feilong,Li Guangxia,Li Zhiqiang,et al.Topology structure and routing policy based on multilayered clusters in Beidou satellite navigation system[J].Journal of Communications,2014,35(10):31-41(in Chinese).
[9]朱先伟,何宏,张大建,等.LAS码的设计及其相关性分析[J].天津理工大学学报,2006,22(5):25-27.Zhu Xianwei,He Hong,Zhang Dajian,et al.Study on the design and correlation characteristic of LAS code[J].Journal of Tianjin University of Technology,2006,22(5):25-27(in Chinese).
[10]施建超,黄华.LAS码的构造及LAS-CDMA相对于传统CDMA的优势[J].通信技术,2007,40(12):148-151.Shi Jianchao,Huang Hua.The construction of LAS codes and LAS-CDMAs comparative advantages over the traditional CDMA[J].Journal of Communications Technology,2007,40(12):148-151(in Chinese).
[11]李飞龙,卢超,李薇,等.基于HPOP的低轨星座多普勒与时延研究[J].通信技术,2016,49(1):18-23.Li Feilong,Lu Chao,Li Wei,et al.HPOP-based Doppler frequency-shift and time-delay of polar orbit constellation satellite[J].Communications Technology,2016,49(1):18-23(in Chinese).
[12]杜耀珂.基于STK的卫星实时视景仿真系统设计[J].空间控制技术与应用,2009,35(2):60-64.Du Yaoke.Design of STK-based realtime visualization simulation system for satellites[J].Journal of Aerospace Control and Application,2009,35(2):60-64(in Chinese).
[13]张彩娟.STK及其在卫星系统仿真中的应用[J].无线电通信技术,2007,33(4):45-46.Zhang Caijuan.STK and its application in satellite system simulation[J].Journal of Radio Communications Technology,2007,33(4):45-46(in Chinese).
[14]赵军祥,李建辉,常青,等.GPS授时校频方法研究与试验结果[J].北京航空航天大学学报,2004,30(8):762-766.Zhao Junxiang,Li Jianhui,Chang Qing,et al.Study on GPS timing and frequency calibration method and the test results[J].Journal of Beijing University of Eronautics and Astronatucis,2004,30(8):762-766(in Chinese).
[15]李飞龙.基于LAS码的空间多目标测控技术研究[D].南京:中国人民解放军理工大学,2013.Li Feilong.Research of multi-objective TT&C technology based on large area synchronous code[D].Nanjing:PLA University of Science and Technology,2013(in Chinese).
[16]武文俊,李志刚,杨旭海,等.卫星双向时间频率传递中的Sagnac效应[J].宇航学报,2012,33(7):936-941.Wu Wenjun,Li Zhigang,Yang Xuhai,et al.Sagnac effect on two-way satellite time and frequency transfer[J].Journal of Astronautics,2012,33(7):936-941(in Chinese).
[17]李飞龙,李志强,李广侠,等.基于LAS码的星群多目标测控技术研究[J].飞行器测控学报,2014,33(3):188-195.Li Feilong,Li Zhiqiang,Li Guangxia,et al.The research of formation flying satellites multi-objective TT&C based on LAS code[J].Journal of Spacecraft TT&C Technology,2014,33(3):188-195(in Chinese).
[18]蔚保国,罗伟雄.航天飞行器多目标测控系统研究[J].无线电工程,2005,35(7):26-28.Yu Baoguo,Luo Weixiong.Research on multi spacecraft telemetry and telecontrol system[J].Journal of Radio Engieering of China,2005,35(7):26-28(in Chinese).
[19]杨志群,曲晓云.低轨航天器中继测控终端固定宽波束天线覆盖研究[J].航天器工程,2015,24(2):81-86.Yang Zhiqun,Qu Xiaoyun.Study on coverage of fixed broad beam antenna for data relay satellite system TT&C terminal[J].Journal of Spacecraft Engineering,2015,24(2):81-86(in Chinese).
[20]李艳华,卢满宏.天基测控系统应用发展趋势探讨[J].飞行器测控学报,2012,31(4):1-5.Li Yanhua,Lu Manhong.Trends of applications of spacebased TT&C system[J].Journal of Spacecraft TT&C Technology,2012,31(4):1-5(in Chinese).