正畸软组织侧貌改变预测的研究进展
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摘要
改善侧貌美观是很多正畸患者求治的主诉。前牙的唇舌向移动会带来嘴唇位置的改变,进而造成软组织侧貌的改变。尽管正畸医生对前牙移动量的控制越来越精准,却远不能准确预测软组织侧貌随牙移动发生的改变。因此,软组织侧貌预测作为亟待解决的重要临床问题,成为当前口腔正畸学的研究热点之一。本文将从原理、影响因素、可靠性分析及存在问题几个方面对正畸软组织侧貌改变预测的研究进展作一综述。
In orthodontic treatment, patients often mention facial esthetics as their principal motivation. Changes in anterior teeth in the labial-lingual direction causes the alteration of lip position and subsequent changes in soft tissue profile. Although orthodontists can control the movement amount of anterior teeth more accurately, it cannot accurately predict what changes will be produced in the soft tissue. Therefore, soft tissue profile prediction has considerable clinical significance. It is also a problem that urgently requires a solution. Thus, it is one of the most popular research topics in orthodontics. In this article, we review the principle, impact factors, reliability analysis, and existing problems of software tissue profile prediction in orthodontic treatment.
In orthodontic treatment, patients often mention facial esthetics as their principal motivation. Changes in anterior teeth in the labial-lingual direction causes the alteration of lip position and subsequent changes in soft tissue profile. Although orthodontists can control the movement amount of anterior teeth more accurately, it cannot accurately predict what changes will be produced in the soft tissue. Therefore, soft tissue profile prediction has considerable clinical significance. It is also a problem that urgently requires a solution. Thus, it is one of the most popular research topics in orthodontics. In this article, we review the principle, impact factors, reliability analysis, and existing problems of software tissue profile prediction in orthodontic treatment.
引文
[1] Holdaway RA. A soft-tissue cephalometric analysis and its use in orthodontic treatment planning. Part I[J]. Am J Orthod, 1983,84(1):1-28.
[2] Cangialosi TJ, Chung J M, Elliott DF, et al. Reliability of computer-generated prediction tracing[J]. Angle Orthod, 1995, 65(4):277-284.
[3] Hodges A, Rossouw PE, Campbell PM, et al. Prediction of lip response to four first premolar extractions in white female adolescents and adults[J]. Angle Orthod, 2009, 79(3):413-421.
[4] Shirvani A, Sadeghian S, Abbasi S. Prediction of lip response to orthodontic treatment using a multivariable regression model[J]. Dent Res J(Isfahan),2016, 13(1):38-45.
[5] Denis KL,Speidel TM. Comparison of three methods of profile change prediction in the adult orthodontic patient[J]. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 1987,92(5):396-402.
[6] Lee HJ,Suh HY,Lee YS, et al. A better statistical method of predicting postsurgery soft tissue response in ClassⅡpatients[J]. Angle Orthod, 2014, 84(2):322-328.
[7] Van Hemelen G, Van Genechten M, Renier L, et al.Three-dimensional virtual planning in orthognathic surgery enhances the accuracy of soft tissue prediction[J]. J Craniomaxillofac Surg, 2015, 43(6):918-925.
[8] Meehan M, Teschner M, Girod S. Three-dimensional simulation and prediction of craniofacial surgery[J].Orthod Craniofac Res, 2003, 6(Suppl 1):102-107.
[9]陈斯,许天民,楼航迪,等.面部软组织三维有限元模型的个性化转换及临床应用初探[J].中华口腔学医学杂志,2012, 47(12):730-734.Chen S, Xu TM, Lou HD, et al. Individualized threedimensional finite element model of facial soft tissue and preliminary application in orthodontics[J]. Chin J Stomatol, 2012, 47(12):730-734.
[10] Kuhn M, Markic G, Doulis I, et al. Effect of different incisor movements on the soft tissue profile measured in reference to a rough-surfaced palatal implant[J]. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 2016, 149(3):349-357.
[11] Mirabella D, Quartarone L, Lombardo L, et al.Assessment of lower lip changes following incisor displacement in 92 orthodontically-treated adults[J].Int Orthod,2012, 10(3):289-310.
[12] Oliver BM. The influence of lip thickness and strain on upper lip response to incisor retraction[J]. Am J Orthod, 1982, 82(2):141-149.
[13] Wisth J. Soft tissue response to upper incisor retraction in boys[J]. Br J Orthod, 1974, 1(5):199-204.
[14] Kasai K. Soft tissue adaptability to hard tissues in facial profiles[J]. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop,1998, 113(6):674-684.
[15] Chetan P, Tandon P, Singh GK,et al. Dynamics of a smile in different age groups[J]. Angle Orthod,2013,83(1):90-96.
[16] Jahanbin A, Poosti M, Rashed R, et al. Evaluation ofnasomaxillary growth of adolescent boys in northeastern Iran[J]. Acta Med Iran, 2012, 50(10):684-688.
[17] Rosa WG, Navarro Rde L, Conti AC, et al. Assessment of cephalometric characteristics in the elderly[J]. Braz Oral Res, 2015, 29. doi:10.1590/1807-3107BOR-2015.vol29.0040.
[18] Hamamci N, Arslan SG, Sahin S. Longitudinal profile changes in an Anatolian Turkish population[J].Eur J Orthod,2010, 32(2):199-206.
[19] Sforza C, Dolci C, Tommasi DG, et al. Three-dimensional facial distances of Northern Sudanese persons from childhood to young adulthood[J]. J Craniomaxillofac Surg, 2014, 42(5):e318-e326.
[20] Liu Y, Kau CH, Talbert L, et al. Three-dimensional analysis of facial morphology[J]. J Craniofac Surg,2014, 25(5):1890-1894.
[21] Fortes HN, Guimaraes TC, Belo IM, et al. Photometric analysis of esthetically pleasant and unpleasant facial profile[J]. Dental Press J Orthod,2014,19(2):66-75.
[22] Zacharopoulos GV, Manios A, Kau CH, et al. Anthropometric analysis of the face[J]. J Craniofac Surg,2016,27(1):e71-e75.
[23] Amini F, Mashayekhi Z, Rahimi H, et al. Craniofacial morphologic parameters in a Persian population:an anthropometric study[J]. J Craniofac Surg,2014,25(5):1874-1881.
[24] Kamak H, Celikoglu M. Facial soft tissue thickness among skeletal malocclusions:is there a difference[J].Korean J Orthod, 2012, 42(1):23-31.
[25] Jain P, Kalra JP. Soft tissue cephalometric norms for a North Indian population group using Legan and Burstone analysis[J]. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg,2011,40(3):255-259.
[26] Li KZ, Guo S,Sun Q, et al. Anthropometric nasal analysis of Han Chinese young adults[J]. J Craniomaxillofac Surg,2014, 42(2):153-158.
[27] Jayaratne YS, Deutsch CK, Zwahlen RA. A 3D anthropometric analysis of the orolabial region in Chinese young adults[J]. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg,2013, 51(8):908-912.
[28] Bourzgui F, Alami S, Sebbar M, et al. Effect of orthodontic treatment on lip position[J]. Int Orthod,2013, 11(3):303-313.
[29] Drobocky OB, Smith RJ. Changes in facial profile during orthodontic treatment with extraction of four first premolars[J]. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop,1989, 95(3):220-230.
[30] Leonardi R,Annunziata A,Licciardello V, et al. Soft tissue changes following the extraction of premolars in nongrowing patients with bimaxillary protrusion.A systematic review[J]. Angle Orthod, 2010, 80(1):211-216.
[31] Ahn HW, Chang YJ,Kim KA, et al. Measurement of three-dimensional perioral soft tissue changes in dentoalveolar protrusion patients after orthodontic treatment using a structured light scanner[J]. Angle Orthod, 2014, 84(5):795-802.
[32]袁玲君,毛丽霞,夏韫晖,等.成人非拔牙正畸后面部软组织变化的三维测量研究[J].中华口腔正畸学杂志,2015,22(1):10-14.Yuan LJ, Mao LX, Xia YH, et al. Comparison of 3D facial soft-tissue changes in non-extraction adult patients[J]. Chin J Orthod, 2015, 22(1):10-14.
[33]靳远,李炜鹏,杨艳,等.正畸治疗对成年女性颊部丰满度影响的初步研究[J].中华口腔正畸学杂志,2015,22(1):24-27.Jin Y, Li WP, Yang Y, et al. The effects of orthodontic treatment on cheek fullness in adult women[J]. Chin J Orthod,2015, 22(1):24-27.
[34]谭学莲,甯佳丽,陈河林,等.拔牙和非拔牙矫治对正面微笑和静态侧貌的美学影响[J].国际口腔医学杂志,2015, 42(2):147-151.Tan XL, Ning JL, Chen HL, et al. Influence of extraction and non-extraction treatment on esthetic perception of frontal smile and resting profile[J]. Int J Stomatol,2015, 42(2):147-151.
[35] Moss JP, Ismail SF, Hennessy RJ. Three-dimensional assessment of treatment outcomes on the face[J].Orthod Craniofac Res,2003, 6(Suppl 1):126-131,179-182.
[36]谢柳萍,张卫兵.三维立体摄影技术在颜面部软组织中的应用[J].国际口腔医学杂志,2016, 43(2):201-206.Xie LP, Zhang WB. The application of three-dimensional stereophotography in facial soft tissues[J]. Int J Stomatol,2016, 43(2):201-206.
[37] Liebregts JH, Timmermans M, De Koning MJ,et al.Three-dimensional facial simulation in bilateral sagittal split osteotomy:a validation study of 100patients[J]. J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 2015, 73(5):961-970.
[38] Resnick CM, Dang RR, Glick SJ, et al. Accuracy of three-dimensional soft tissue prediction for Le Fort I osteotomy using Dolphin 3D software:a pilot study[J]. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 2017, 46(3):289-295.
[39] Cevidanes LH, Motta A,Proffit WR,et al. Cranial base superimposition for 3-dimensional evaluation of soft-tissue changes[J]. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 2010, 137(4 Suppl):S120-S129.
[40] Abe N,Kuroda S,Furutani M, et al. Data-based prediction of soft tissue changes after orthognathic surgery:clinical assessment of new simulation software[J]. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 2015, 44(1):90-96.
[41] Nadjmi N,Tehranchi A, Azami N,et al. Comparison of soft-tissue profiles in Le Fort I osteotomy patients with Dolphin and Maxilim softwares[J]. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 2013, 144(5):654-662.
[42] Donatsky O, Bjrn-Jrgensen J, Hermund NU, et al.Immediate postoperative outcome of orthognathic surgical planning, and prediction of positional changes in hard and soft tissue, independently of the extent and direction of the surgical corrections required[J].Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 2011, 49(5):386-391.
[43] Nadjmi N, Defrancq E, Mollemans W, et al. Quantitative validation of a computer-aided maxillofacial planning system, focusing on soft tissue deformations[J]. Ann Maxillofac Surg, 2014, 4(2):171-175.
[44] Shafi MI, Ayoub A, Ju X, et al. The accuracy of threedimensional prediction planning for the surgical correction of facial deformities using Maxilim[J]. Int JOral Maxillofac Surg, 2013, 42(7):801-806.
[45] Terzic A,Combescure C,Scolozzi P. Accuracy of computational soft tissue predictions in orthognathic surgery from three-dimensional photographs 6 months after completion of surgery:a preliminary study of13 patients[J]. Aesthetic Plast Surg, 2014, 38(1):184-191.
[46]王秀芬,侯敏,马文,等. SurgiCase CMF软件预测骨性Ⅲ类错术后软组织准确性的评估[J].中国美容整形外科杂志,2015, 26(6):355-358.Wang XF, Hou M, Ma W, et al. Evaluation of accuracy of predicting postoperative soft tissue of skeletal classⅢmalocclusion with SurgiCase software[J]. Chin J Aesthet Plast Surg, 2015, 26(6):355-358.
[47]宋恩,莫康楠,朱赴东,等.计算机辅助正颌外科模拟和预测系统的准确性评估[J].口腔医学,2013,33(1):17-20.Song E, Mo KN, Zhu FD, et al. Accuracy assessment of computer aided stimulation systerm for orthognathic surgery[J]. Stomatology, 2013, 33(1):17-20.
[48] Oh KM,Seo SK,Park JE,et al. Post-operative soft tissue changes in patients with mandibular prognathism after bimaxillary surgery[J]. J Cranio-Maxillofac Surg, 2013, 41(3):204-211.
[49] Peterman RJ,Jiang SY,Johe RN, et al. Accuracy of Dolphin visual treatment objective(VTO)prediction software on classⅢpatients treated with maxillary advancement and mandibular setback[J]. Prog Orthod,2016, 17(1):19.
[50] Hack GA, de Mol van Otterloo JJ, Nanda R. Longterm stability and prediction of soft tissue changes after LeFortⅠsurgery[J]. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop,1993, 104(6):544-555.
[2] Cangialosi TJ, Chung J M, Elliott DF, et al. Reliability of computer-generated prediction tracing[J]. Angle Orthod, 1995, 65(4):277-284.
[3] Hodges A, Rossouw PE, Campbell PM, et al. Prediction of lip response to four first premolar extractions in white female adolescents and adults[J]. Angle Orthod, 2009, 79(3):413-421.
[4] Shirvani A, Sadeghian S, Abbasi S. Prediction of lip response to orthodontic treatment using a multivariable regression model[J]. Dent Res J(Isfahan),2016, 13(1):38-45.
[5] Denis KL,Speidel TM. Comparison of three methods of profile change prediction in the adult orthodontic patient[J]. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 1987,92(5):396-402.
[6] Lee HJ,Suh HY,Lee YS, et al. A better statistical method of predicting postsurgery soft tissue response in ClassⅡpatients[J]. Angle Orthod, 2014, 84(2):322-328.
[7] Van Hemelen G, Van Genechten M, Renier L, et al.Three-dimensional virtual planning in orthognathic surgery enhances the accuracy of soft tissue prediction[J]. J Craniomaxillofac Surg, 2015, 43(6):918-925.
[8] Meehan M, Teschner M, Girod S. Three-dimensional simulation and prediction of craniofacial surgery[J].Orthod Craniofac Res, 2003, 6(Suppl 1):102-107.
[9]陈斯,许天民,楼航迪,等.面部软组织三维有限元模型的个性化转换及临床应用初探[J].中华口腔学医学杂志,2012, 47(12):730-734.Chen S, Xu TM, Lou HD, et al. Individualized threedimensional finite element model of facial soft tissue and preliminary application in orthodontics[J]. Chin J Stomatol, 2012, 47(12):730-734.
[10] Kuhn M, Markic G, Doulis I, et al. Effect of different incisor movements on the soft tissue profile measured in reference to a rough-surfaced palatal implant[J]. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 2016, 149(3):349-357.
[11] Mirabella D, Quartarone L, Lombardo L, et al.Assessment of lower lip changes following incisor displacement in 92 orthodontically-treated adults[J].Int Orthod,2012, 10(3):289-310.
[12] Oliver BM. The influence of lip thickness and strain on upper lip response to incisor retraction[J]. Am J Orthod, 1982, 82(2):141-149.
[13] Wisth J. Soft tissue response to upper incisor retraction in boys[J]. Br J Orthod, 1974, 1(5):199-204.
[14] Kasai K. Soft tissue adaptability to hard tissues in facial profiles[J]. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop,1998, 113(6):674-684.
[15] Chetan P, Tandon P, Singh GK,et al. Dynamics of a smile in different age groups[J]. Angle Orthod,2013,83(1):90-96.
[16] Jahanbin A, Poosti M, Rashed R, et al. Evaluation ofnasomaxillary growth of adolescent boys in northeastern Iran[J]. Acta Med Iran, 2012, 50(10):684-688.
[17] Rosa WG, Navarro Rde L, Conti AC, et al. Assessment of cephalometric characteristics in the elderly[J]. Braz Oral Res, 2015, 29. doi:10.1590/1807-3107BOR-2015.vol29.0040.
[18] Hamamci N, Arslan SG, Sahin S. Longitudinal profile changes in an Anatolian Turkish population[J].Eur J Orthod,2010, 32(2):199-206.
[19] Sforza C, Dolci C, Tommasi DG, et al. Three-dimensional facial distances of Northern Sudanese persons from childhood to young adulthood[J]. J Craniomaxillofac Surg, 2014, 42(5):e318-e326.
[20] Liu Y, Kau CH, Talbert L, et al. Three-dimensional analysis of facial morphology[J]. J Craniofac Surg,2014, 25(5):1890-1894.
[21] Fortes HN, Guimaraes TC, Belo IM, et al. Photometric analysis of esthetically pleasant and unpleasant facial profile[J]. Dental Press J Orthod,2014,19(2):66-75.
[22] Zacharopoulos GV, Manios A, Kau CH, et al. Anthropometric analysis of the face[J]. J Craniofac Surg,2016,27(1):e71-e75.
[23] Amini F, Mashayekhi Z, Rahimi H, et al. Craniofacial morphologic parameters in a Persian population:an anthropometric study[J]. J Craniofac Surg,2014,25(5):1874-1881.
[24] Kamak H, Celikoglu M. Facial soft tissue thickness among skeletal malocclusions:is there a difference[J].Korean J Orthod, 2012, 42(1):23-31.
[25] Jain P, Kalra JP. Soft tissue cephalometric norms for a North Indian population group using Legan and Burstone analysis[J]. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg,2011,40(3):255-259.
[26] Li KZ, Guo S,Sun Q, et al. Anthropometric nasal analysis of Han Chinese young adults[J]. J Craniomaxillofac Surg,2014, 42(2):153-158.
[27] Jayaratne YS, Deutsch CK, Zwahlen RA. A 3D anthropometric analysis of the orolabial region in Chinese young adults[J]. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg,2013, 51(8):908-912.
[28] Bourzgui F, Alami S, Sebbar M, et al. Effect of orthodontic treatment on lip position[J]. Int Orthod,2013, 11(3):303-313.
[29] Drobocky OB, Smith RJ. Changes in facial profile during orthodontic treatment with extraction of four first premolars[J]. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop,1989, 95(3):220-230.
[30] Leonardi R,Annunziata A,Licciardello V, et al. Soft tissue changes following the extraction of premolars in nongrowing patients with bimaxillary protrusion.A systematic review[J]. Angle Orthod, 2010, 80(1):211-216.
[31] Ahn HW, Chang YJ,Kim KA, et al. Measurement of three-dimensional perioral soft tissue changes in dentoalveolar protrusion patients after orthodontic treatment using a structured light scanner[J]. Angle Orthod, 2014, 84(5):795-802.
[32]袁玲君,毛丽霞,夏韫晖,等.成人非拔牙正畸后面部软组织变化的三维测量研究[J].中华口腔正畸学杂志,2015,22(1):10-14.Yuan LJ, Mao LX, Xia YH, et al. Comparison of 3D facial soft-tissue changes in non-extraction adult patients[J]. Chin J Orthod, 2015, 22(1):10-14.
[33]靳远,李炜鹏,杨艳,等.正畸治疗对成年女性颊部丰满度影响的初步研究[J].中华口腔正畸学杂志,2015,22(1):24-27.Jin Y, Li WP, Yang Y, et al. The effects of orthodontic treatment on cheek fullness in adult women[J]. Chin J Orthod,2015, 22(1):24-27.
[34]谭学莲,甯佳丽,陈河林,等.拔牙和非拔牙矫治对正面微笑和静态侧貌的美学影响[J].国际口腔医学杂志,2015, 42(2):147-151.Tan XL, Ning JL, Chen HL, et al. Influence of extraction and non-extraction treatment on esthetic perception of frontal smile and resting profile[J]. Int J Stomatol,2015, 42(2):147-151.
[35] Moss JP, Ismail SF, Hennessy RJ. Three-dimensional assessment of treatment outcomes on the face[J].Orthod Craniofac Res,2003, 6(Suppl 1):126-131,179-182.
[36]谢柳萍,张卫兵.三维立体摄影技术在颜面部软组织中的应用[J].国际口腔医学杂志,2016, 43(2):201-206.Xie LP, Zhang WB. The application of three-dimensional stereophotography in facial soft tissues[J]. Int J Stomatol,2016, 43(2):201-206.
[37] Liebregts JH, Timmermans M, De Koning MJ,et al.Three-dimensional facial simulation in bilateral sagittal split osteotomy:a validation study of 100patients[J]. J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 2015, 73(5):961-970.
[38] Resnick CM, Dang RR, Glick SJ, et al. Accuracy of three-dimensional soft tissue prediction for Le Fort I osteotomy using Dolphin 3D software:a pilot study[J]. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 2017, 46(3):289-295.
[39] Cevidanes LH, Motta A,Proffit WR,et al. Cranial base superimposition for 3-dimensional evaluation of soft-tissue changes[J]. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 2010, 137(4 Suppl):S120-S129.
[40] Abe N,Kuroda S,Furutani M, et al. Data-based prediction of soft tissue changes after orthognathic surgery:clinical assessment of new simulation software[J]. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 2015, 44(1):90-96.
[41] Nadjmi N,Tehranchi A, Azami N,et al. Comparison of soft-tissue profiles in Le Fort I osteotomy patients with Dolphin and Maxilim softwares[J]. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 2013, 144(5):654-662.
[42] Donatsky O, Bjrn-Jrgensen J, Hermund NU, et al.Immediate postoperative outcome of orthognathic surgical planning, and prediction of positional changes in hard and soft tissue, independently of the extent and direction of the surgical corrections required[J].Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 2011, 49(5):386-391.
[43] Nadjmi N, Defrancq E, Mollemans W, et al. Quantitative validation of a computer-aided maxillofacial planning system, focusing on soft tissue deformations[J]. Ann Maxillofac Surg, 2014, 4(2):171-175.
[44] Shafi MI, Ayoub A, Ju X, et al. The accuracy of threedimensional prediction planning for the surgical correction of facial deformities using Maxilim[J]. Int JOral Maxillofac Surg, 2013, 42(7):801-806.
[45] Terzic A,Combescure C,Scolozzi P. Accuracy of computational soft tissue predictions in orthognathic surgery from three-dimensional photographs 6 months after completion of surgery:a preliminary study of13 patients[J]. Aesthetic Plast Surg, 2014, 38(1):184-191.
[46]王秀芬,侯敏,马文,等. SurgiCase CMF软件预测骨性Ⅲ类错术后软组织准确性的评估[J].中国美容整形外科杂志,2015, 26(6):355-358.Wang XF, Hou M, Ma W, et al. Evaluation of accuracy of predicting postoperative soft tissue of skeletal classⅢmalocclusion with SurgiCase software[J]. Chin J Aesthet Plast Surg, 2015, 26(6):355-358.
[47]宋恩,莫康楠,朱赴东,等.计算机辅助正颌外科模拟和预测系统的准确性评估[J].口腔医学,2013,33(1):17-20.Song E, Mo KN, Zhu FD, et al. Accuracy assessment of computer aided stimulation systerm for orthognathic surgery[J]. Stomatology, 2013, 33(1):17-20.
[48] Oh KM,Seo SK,Park JE,et al. Post-operative soft tissue changes in patients with mandibular prognathism after bimaxillary surgery[J]. J Cranio-Maxillofac Surg, 2013, 41(3):204-211.
[49] Peterman RJ,Jiang SY,Johe RN, et al. Accuracy of Dolphin visual treatment objective(VTO)prediction software on classⅢpatients treated with maxillary advancement and mandibular setback[J]. Prog Orthod,2016, 17(1):19.
[50] Hack GA, de Mol van Otterloo JJ, Nanda R. Longterm stability and prediction of soft tissue changes after LeFortⅠsurgery[J]. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop,1993, 104(6):544-555.