基于AHP的观鸟旅游资源综合评价研究——以黄冈市为例
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摘要
观鸟旅游具有产业链长、附加值高的特点,是生态旅游的重要类型之一。综合评价是观鸟旅游资源开发规划的前提和依据。采用层次分析法(AHP),从鸟类资源价值、生态环境质量、开发建设条件和支持保障条件4个方面,选择鸟类种类及数量、珍稀度等13个评价指标,构建观鸟生态旅游资源综合评价体系,通过构造判断矩阵计算各层次指标权重和评价模型。结果表明:准则层权重值排序为鸟类资源价值(4. 46)、生态环境质量(2. 35)、开发建设条件(2. 03)、支持保障条件(1. 17);指标层总排序权重前6位分别鸟类种类及数量(2. 11)、生态环境开发适宜性(1. 86)、鸟类可观赏性(1. 36)、客源市场规模(0. 88)、基础设施条件(0. 67)、政策支持度(0. 60)。通过以黄冈市为例进行校验表明,该评价体系能较为客观反映观鸟旅游资源的综合价值,具有较强的可操作性。基于评价结果,提出黄冈市观鸟旅游资源开发对策。
Bird-watching tourism is one of the most important types of ecotourism with long industrial chain and high added value. Comprehensive evaluation is the premise and basis for the developing and planning of birdwatching tourism resources. We used Analytical Hierarchy Process( AHP) to assess birdwatching tourism resources,addressing four criteria,viz. bird resource value,ecological environment quality,development and construction conditions,and supports and guarantees. We used thirteen evaluation indices. The weight of each index was calculated by constructing a judgement matrix. The results showed that the weights of criterion layer were 4. 46 for bird resource value,2. 35 for ecological environment quality,2. 03 for development and construction conditions and 1. 17 for support and guarantee conditions. The weights of the top six indices were bird species and quantity( 2. 11),ecological environment development suitability( 1. 86),bird ornament ability( 1. 36),tourist market scale( 0. 88),infrastructure conditions( 0. 67),and policy support( 0. 60). We used Huanggang City as an example to verify the evaluation system. The results show that the evaluation system objectively reflected the quality of birdwatching tourism resources,and it proved operable. Based on the evaluation results,we put forward the development countermeasures of birdwatching tourism resources for Huanggang city.
Bird-watching tourism is one of the most important types of ecotourism with long industrial chain and high added value. Comprehensive evaluation is the premise and basis for the developing and planning of birdwatching tourism resources. We used Analytical Hierarchy Process( AHP) to assess birdwatching tourism resources,addressing four criteria,viz. bird resource value,ecological environment quality,development and construction conditions,and supports and guarantees. We used thirteen evaluation indices. The weight of each index was calculated by constructing a judgement matrix. The results showed that the weights of criterion layer were 4. 46 for bird resource value,2. 35 for ecological environment quality,2. 03 for development and construction conditions and 1. 17 for support and guarantee conditions. The weights of the top six indices were bird species and quantity( 2. 11),ecological environment development suitability( 1. 86),bird ornament ability( 1. 36),tourist market scale( 0. 88),infrastructure conditions( 0. 67),and policy support( 0. 60). We used Huanggang City as an example to verify the evaluation system. The results show that the evaluation system objectively reflected the quality of birdwatching tourism resources,and it proved operable. Based on the evaluation results,we put forward the development countermeasures of birdwatching tourism resources for Huanggang city.
引文
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[15]葛继稳,蔡庆华,胡鸿兴,等.湖北省湿地水禽资源研究[J].自然资源学报,2004,19(3):285-292.
[16]王娜,钟永德,黎森.基于AHP的森林公园科普旅游资源评价体系构建[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2015,35(9):139-143.
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[18]陈瑞萍.基于AHP的农业生态旅游产业开发体系的研究---以广东省为例[J].中国农业资源与区划,2017,38(8):198-203.
[19]林雄斌,颜子斌,徐丽丽,等.基于AHP的宁波市乡村旅游资源评价[J].浙江农业科学,2010(4):880-882;885.
[20]李济任,许东.森林康养旅游评价指标体系构建研究[J].林业经济,2018,40(3):28-34.
[21]廖明旗.中国观鸟旅游发展现状及对策[J].湖南农业大学学报(社会科学版),2006,7(4):86-89.
[2]BOOTH J E,GASTON K J,EVANS K L,et al.The value of species rarity in biodiversity recreation:a birdwatching example[J].Biological Conservation,2011,144(11):2728-2732.
[3]MCFADDEN T N,HERRERA A G,NAVEDO J G.Waterbird responses to regular passage of a birdwatching tour boat:implications for wetland management[J].Journal for Nature Conservation,2017,40:42-48.
[4]ZHAO J L,CHENG S K,MIN Q W.Impacts of birdwatching tourism on environment and economy[J].Ecological Economy,2007,3(4):434-442.
[5]JIANG N.Building the platform for birdwatching and environment[C]//亚太科技中心协会,中国科学技术馆.第十六届亚太科技中心协会年会论文集,2016:6.
[6]赵金凌,成升魁,HARKNESS J,等.国内外观鸟旅游研究综述[J].旅游学刊,2006,21(12):85-90.
[7]邹红菲,刘应竹,陈晶.扎龙自然保护区早春三条观鸟路线鸟类资源调查评价[J].国土与自然资源研究,2003(4):87-89.
[8]王俅.黑龙江省五个国家级自然保护区鸟类观赏性分析及观鸟管理[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2006.
[9]施德群.基于旅行费用法的观鸟游憩价值评估---以中国(洞庭湖)国际观鸟节为例[D].北京:北京林业大学,2010.
[10]赵学刚.我国最大的白头鹤越冬地在湖北龙感湖[J].野生动物,1990,11(2):20.
[11]赵学刚.湖北省黄梅县龙感湖越冬白头鹤调查简报[J].动物学杂志,1992,27(2):59.
[12]李平.黄冈市野生鸟类多样性与生存环境对发展生态观鸟旅游的影响[J].黄冈师范学院学报,2017,37(3):46-53.
[13]陈领.古北和东洋界在我国东部的精确划界---据两栖动物[J].动物学研究,2004,25(5):369-377.
[14]李秀明,徐家慧,钱法文.卫星跟踪的白鹤春季和秋季迁徙路线[J].湿地科学,2016,14(3):347-353.
[15]葛继稳,蔡庆华,胡鸿兴,等.湖北省湿地水禽资源研究[J].自然资源学报,2004,19(3):285-292.
[16]王娜,钟永德,黎森.基于AHP的森林公园科普旅游资源评价体系构建[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2015,35(9):139-143.
[17]刘思敏.“奇石画布”旅游资源评价体系研究[J].旅游学刊,2005,20(4):37-42.
[18]陈瑞萍.基于AHP的农业生态旅游产业开发体系的研究---以广东省为例[J].中国农业资源与区划,2017,38(8):198-203.
[19]林雄斌,颜子斌,徐丽丽,等.基于AHP的宁波市乡村旅游资源评价[J].浙江农业科学,2010(4):880-882;885.
[20]李济任,许东.森林康养旅游评价指标体系构建研究[J].林业经济,2018,40(3):28-34.
[21]廖明旗.中国观鸟旅游发展现状及对策[J].湖南农业大学学报(社会科学版),2006,7(4):86-89.