风电叶片新型雷击防护系统的实验与模拟研究
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摘要
针对大型风电机组叶片接闪器失效率高这一问题,创新提出一种新型外置人工定位雷击防护系统。首先,对新型接闪系统进行了高电压放电实验,用以研究雷击防护效果。分别对有/无加装新型雷击防护系统的风力机叶片进行了10次放电实验,从叶片击中概率来判定防护系统的防护效果。实验结果表明:在实验条件下,10次放电实验10次击中新型防护系统,新型防护系统的雷击接闪率大幅提高。并对有/无雷击防护系统的叶片进行了静电场计算,计算结果表明:雷击防护系统可以对叶片下引线周围电场起到屏蔽作用,有效降低下引线电场强度,从而提高新型雷击防护系统的防护效率。其次,在明确新型雷击防护系统的防护效果基础上,对有新型雷击防护系统的翼型段进行了气动计算。计算结果表明:在攻角0°～19°范围内,新型防护系统对翼型气动性能影响很小,这也进一步验证了新型雷击防护系统的可行性。
In order to solve the problem of high failure rate of blade flasher in large wind turbine,a new lightning protection system(NLPS) is proposed in this paper. First, a high-voltage discharge test is carried out for NLPS to study the effect of lightning protection. 10 discharge tests were carried out on the blades of wind turbine with or without NLPS, the protection effect of NLPS is judged from the lightning stroke probability of the blade. The test results show that at the test conditions,the 10 discharge tests hits the new protection system 10 times, and the lightning protection efficiency of NLPS is greatly improved. And then the electrostatic field of blades with or without NLPS is calculated. The calculation results show that NLPS can shield the electric field around the lower lead of the blade, effectively reduce the electric field intensity of the lower lead, and thus improve the protection efficiency of the NLPS. Secondly, on the basis of defining the protective effect of NLPS,the aerodynamic and noise calculation of the airfoil section with or without NLPS is carried out. The calculation results show that, in the range of attack angle(0°～19°), the NLPS has minimal influence on the aerodynamic performance of airfoil, it has little effect on the noise of airfoil. It also further verified the feasibility of the NLPS.
In order to solve the problem of high failure rate of blade flasher in large wind turbine,a new lightning protection system(NLPS) is proposed in this paper. First, a high-voltage discharge test is carried out for NLPS to study the effect of lightning protection. 10 discharge tests were carried out on the blades of wind turbine with or without NLPS, the protection effect of NLPS is judged from the lightning stroke probability of the blade. The test results show that at the test conditions,the 10 discharge tests hits the new protection system 10 times, and the lightning protection efficiency of NLPS is greatly improved. And then the electrostatic field of blades with or without NLPS is calculated. The calculation results show that NLPS can shield the electric field around the lower lead of the blade, effectively reduce the electric field intensity of the lower lead, and thus improve the protection efficiency of the NLPS. Secondly, on the basis of defining the protective effect of NLPS,the aerodynamic and noise calculation of the airfoil section with or without NLPS is carried out. The calculation results show that, in the range of attack angle(0°～19°), the NLPS has minimal influence on the aerodynamic performance of airfoil, it has little effect on the noise of airfoil. It also further verified the feasibility of the NLPS.
引文
[1] Cummins K L, Quick M G, Rison W, et al.Overview of the Kansas Windfarm 2013 Field Program[C]//International Lightning Detection Conference, 2014
[2] Ishii M, Saito M, Natsuno D, et al. Lightning Current Observed at Wind Turbines in Winter in Japan[C]//Int Conf on Lightning and Static Electricity(ICOLSE), Seattle, USA, 2013:13-67
[3] Wang D, Takagi N, Watanabe T, et al. Observed Characteristics of Upward Leaders That are Initiated From a Windmill and Its Lightning Protection Tower[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2008, 35(2):1-5
[4] Wilson N, Myers J, Cummins K, et al. Lightning Attachment to Wind turbines in Central Kansas:Video Observations, Correlation With the NLDN and in-situ Peak Current Measurements[R]. European Wind Energy Association(EWEA), 2013
[5] IEC/TR. 61400-24[S]. Wind Turbine Generator SystemsPart, 2002
[6] Golde R H. Lightning[M], New York:Academic Press,1977:44-45
[7] Cooray V, The lightning Protection[M], London:Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2010:166-167
[8] Watanabe Y, Switching Surge Flashover Characteristics of Extremely Long Air Gaps[J], IEEE Trans on Power Apparatus and Systems, 1967, 86(8):933-936
[9] Paris L, Influence of Air Gap Characteristics on Line to Ground Switching Surge Strength[J]. IEEE Trans on Power Apparatus and Systems, 1967, 86(8):936-947
[10] Suzuki T, Miyake K, Breakdown Process of Long Air Gaps With Positive Switching Impulses[J]. IEEE Trans on Power Apparatus and System, 1975, 94(3):1021-1043
[11] Les R G. Research on Long Air Gap Discharges at Les Renardieres[J]. Electra, 1972(23):53-157
[12] Les R G, Research on Long Air Gap Discharges-1973 Results[J]. Electra, 1974(35):47-155
[13] Les R G. Positive Discharges in Long Air Gaps at Les Renardieres-1975 Results and Conclusions[J]. Electra, 1977,53:31-152
[14] Les R G. Negative Discharges in Long Air Gaps at Les Renardieres-1978 Results[J]. Electra, 1981(74):67-218
[15] Wagner C F, Mccann G D, Maclane G L. Shielding of Transmission Lines[J], Transactions of the AIEE, 1941,60(6):313-328
[16] Le P F, Aspas P J. Electrostatic Field and Lightning Zoning Analysis of a Windmill:Study of Current and Innovative Protection Strategies[C]//Lightning Protection(ICLP), 2014 International Conference on IEEE, 2014:659-666
[17] Madsen S F, Mieritz C F, Candela Garolera A. Numerical Tools for Lightning Protection of Wind Turbines[C]//2013 International Conference on Lightning and Static Electricity, Seattle USA, 2013
[2] Ishii M, Saito M, Natsuno D, et al. Lightning Current Observed at Wind Turbines in Winter in Japan[C]//Int Conf on Lightning and Static Electricity(ICOLSE), Seattle, USA, 2013:13-67
[3] Wang D, Takagi N, Watanabe T, et al. Observed Characteristics of Upward Leaders That are Initiated From a Windmill and Its Lightning Protection Tower[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2008, 35(2):1-5
[4] Wilson N, Myers J, Cummins K, et al. Lightning Attachment to Wind turbines in Central Kansas:Video Observations, Correlation With the NLDN and in-situ Peak Current Measurements[R]. European Wind Energy Association(EWEA), 2013
[5] IEC/TR. 61400-24[S]. Wind Turbine Generator SystemsPart, 2002
[6] Golde R H. Lightning[M], New York:Academic Press,1977:44-45
[7] Cooray V, The lightning Protection[M], London:Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2010:166-167
[8] Watanabe Y, Switching Surge Flashover Characteristics of Extremely Long Air Gaps[J], IEEE Trans on Power Apparatus and Systems, 1967, 86(8):933-936
[9] Paris L, Influence of Air Gap Characteristics on Line to Ground Switching Surge Strength[J]. IEEE Trans on Power Apparatus and Systems, 1967, 86(8):936-947
[10] Suzuki T, Miyake K, Breakdown Process of Long Air Gaps With Positive Switching Impulses[J]. IEEE Trans on Power Apparatus and System, 1975, 94(3):1021-1043
[11] Les R G. Research on Long Air Gap Discharges at Les Renardieres[J]. Electra, 1972(23):53-157
[12] Les R G, Research on Long Air Gap Discharges-1973 Results[J]. Electra, 1974(35):47-155
[13] Les R G. Positive Discharges in Long Air Gaps at Les Renardieres-1975 Results and Conclusions[J]. Electra, 1977,53:31-152
[14] Les R G. Negative Discharges in Long Air Gaps at Les Renardieres-1978 Results[J]. Electra, 1981(74):67-218
[15] Wagner C F, Mccann G D, Maclane G L. Shielding of Transmission Lines[J], Transactions of the AIEE, 1941,60(6):313-328
[16] Le P F, Aspas P J. Electrostatic Field and Lightning Zoning Analysis of a Windmill:Study of Current and Innovative Protection Strategies[C]//Lightning Protection(ICLP), 2014 International Conference on IEEE, 2014:659-666
[17] Madsen S F, Mieritz C F, Candela Garolera A. Numerical Tools for Lightning Protection of Wind Turbines[C]//2013 International Conference on Lightning and Static Electricity, Seattle USA, 2013