全面开放格局下的中国高等教育服务国际化——高等教育服务出口与留学生来华因素的实证分析
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摘要
高等教育国际化是全面开放的重要推进环节。中国经济发展规模及潜力、社会对外开放程度、科教质量提升、来华留学激励政策等因素促成了近年来华留学生急剧增加。中国高等教育服务产业海外市场竞争力提升亦经积累人力资本、消除文化壁垒、促进双向投资及国际贸易等途径迂回性刺激中国经济发展。研究选取2004—2014年来华留学主要生源国的面板数据为样本,对我国高等教育服务出口及留学生来华影响因素进行了理论建构与实证分析。研究表明,中国与生源国经济规模、中国经济潜力、双边贸易联系程度、生源国对华直接投资额对来华留学规模有显著的正向影响。而地理距离与生源国经济潜力对来华留学规模呈现出一定的抑制作用。
The internationalization of higher education has become an important driving force for China's comprehensive opening. The scale and potential of China's economic development, the degree of openness to the society, the quality of science and education, and the incentives for studying in China have contributed to the sharp increase in the number of Chinese students in recent years. China's higher education service industry's competitiveness in overseas markets has also stimulated China's economic development by accumulating human capital, eliminating cultural barriers, promoting two-way investment and international trade. This paper regards higher education as a branch of international service trade. We select the panel data of the main source countries for studying in China from 2004 to 2014 as a sample and conducts theoretical as well as empirical analysis on the factors of China's higher education export and international students studying to China. It shows that the economic scale of China and the country of origin, China's economic potential, bilateral trade links, and the amount of direct investment by the country of origin to China have a significant positive impact on the scale of international students studying to China. However, The geographical distance and the economic potential of the country of origin have a certain inhibitory effect on it.
The internationalization of higher education has become an important driving force for China's comprehensive opening. The scale and potential of China's economic development, the degree of openness to the society, the quality of science and education, and the incentives for studying in China have contributed to the sharp increase in the number of Chinese students in recent years. China's higher education service industry's competitiveness in overseas markets has also stimulated China's economic development by accumulating human capital, eliminating cultural barriers, promoting two-way investment and international trade. This paper regards higher education as a branch of international service trade. We select the panel data of the main source countries for studying in China from 2004 to 2014 as a sample and conducts theoretical as well as empirical analysis on the factors of China's higher education export and international students studying to China. It shows that the economic scale of China and the country of origin, China's economic potential, bilateral trade links, and the amount of direct investment by the country of origin to China have a significant positive impact on the scale of international students studying to China. However, The geographical distance and the economic potential of the country of origin have a certain inhibitory effect on it.
引文
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[2]肖凤翔,尚宇光.高等教育国际化的实质及其经济动因[J].天津师范大学学报(社会科学版),2012(6).
[3]仇鸿伟.高等教育国际化与中国的战略选择[J].大学(学术版),2012(10).
[4] MCMAHON M E. Higher education in a world market:An historical look at the global context to international study[J]. Higher Education, 1992, 24(4):465-482.
[5] MAZZAROL T, SOUTAR G N. Revisiting the global market for higher education[J]. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing&Logistics, 2012, 24(5):717-737.
[6] GONZáLEZ C R, MESANZA R B, MARIEL P. The determinants of international student mobility flows:An empirical study on the Erasmus programme[J]. Higher Education, 2011, 62(4):413-430.
[7] PERKINS R, NEUMAYER E. Geographies of educational mobilities:Exploring the uneven flows of international students[J]. Geographical Journal, 2013, 180(3):246-259.
[8]郑向荣.当前我国发展来华留学生教育的意义与优势分析[J].高教探索,2010(5).
[9]宋华盛,刘莉.外国学生缘何来华留学——基于引力模型的实证研究[J].高等教育研究,2014(11).
[10]张磊.国际服务贸易视角下来华留学教育规模增长因素研究[D].天津:天津师范大学,2014.
[11]任增强.人力资本国际流动的动因及效应研究[D].长春:东北师范大学,2012.