摘要
在硬骨鱼类中,发育完全的未成熟的卵母细胞被阻滞在第一次减数分裂前期,这一时期也称为生发泡期。性成熟后,当卵母细胞受到促黄体生成素及其他内分泌、自分泌/旁分泌因子的调节,可突破第一次减数分裂阻滞,发生生发泡破裂,这标志着卵母细胞恢复了第一次减数分裂。这一过程被既复杂又严格精密的机制所调控,对产生可受精的雌配子尤为关键。明确卵母细胞成熟分裂进程中的调控因子及各因子之间直接或间接地相互作用是目前研究的热门领域,但是关于这些机制的研究主要集中于哺乳动物,在硬骨鱼类中的研究相对较少且分散。因此,本研究综述了近年来国内外硬骨鱼类卵母细胞最终成熟过程调控机制及研究进展;以第一次减数分裂的阻滞和第一次减数分裂的恢复两条主线,重点分析总结了17β-雌二醇、环磷酸腺苷、胰岛素样生长因子、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶等调控因子及它们与上游调节因子和下游作用底物构成的信号网络对此过程的调控。本综述为研究硬骨鱼类卵母细胞的最终成熟机制提供理论支持与参考。
In teleost, fully grown immature oocytes are blocked in the prophase of the first meiotic division, also known as the period of germinal vesicle. After sexual maturation, when the oocyte is regulated by luteinizing hormone and other endocrine and autocrine/paracrine factors, it will break through the first meiotic arrest, and produce the rupture of germinal vesicle, indicating that the oocyte restores the first meiosis. This process is regulated by a complex and rigorous mechanism that is crucial for the production of fertilizable female gametes. It is a hot research field now to identify the regulatory factors in the mature division process of oocyte and the direct or indirect interaction among the factors. However, the researches on these mechanisms are mainly focused on mammals, and the researches on teleost are relatively less and scattered. Therefore, this study summarized the regulation mechanism and research progress of the final maturation process of teleost oocytes at home and abroad in recent years. With two main lines of the first meiotic arrest and the first meiosis resumption, the regulatory factors, such as 17 β-estradiol, cyclic adenosine monophosphate, insulin-like growth factor, mitogen-activated protein kinase and their signal network with upstream regulatory factors and downstream action substrates were analyzed and summarized in detail. This review might provide theoretical support and reference for the study of the ultimate maturation mechanism of teleost oocytes.
引文
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