不同坡长条件下■土堆积体坡面产流产沙过程
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摘要
为揭示不同坡长条件下■土堆积体坡面产流产沙过程,通过不同坡度、不同坡长(4,8,12,16,20m)条件下的野外模拟径流冲刷试验,对■土堆积体坡面产流产沙过程进行了分析。结果表明:工程堆积体坡面产流率随放水时间持续呈现波动性增大,随着坡长增大,产沙率波动振幅也变大。径流含沙量随着放水时间的持续呈现先减小而后保持稳定变化,随着坡长增大,含沙量呈递增变化。工程堆积体坡面累积产流量随放水时间的变化可以用线性函数表达,累积产沙量与放水时间呈极显著幂函数关系,累积产沙量和累积产流量均随着坡长的增大呈现递增变化。试验坡度、坡长均对坡面累积产流产沙量具有重要的影响,坡长对坡面累积产流产沙的影响大于坡度,二者均对累积产流产沙量产生正效应。
In order to reveal the processes of runoff and sediment yield on the slopes with different lengths on Lou soil mound,through the field simulated runoff-scouring experiment under the conditions of different slopes and different slope lengths(4,8,12,16,20 m),the processes of runoff and sediment yield on the slope of Lou soil mound were analyzed.The results show that the flow rate on the slope of the engineering mound increases with the constant fluctuation over the water discharge scouring time.With the increase of slope length,the amplitude of fluctuation of sediment yield is larger.The sediment concentration of runoff decreases first and then keeps stable over the water discharge scouring time.With the increase of slope length,the sediment content increases.The cumulative flow rate on the slope of engineering mound with the change of the time of water drainage can be expressed using linear function.There is a very significant power function relationship between cumulative sediment yield and water drainage time.Both of them show the increasing change with the increase of the slope length.The test slope and the length of the slope have the important influences on the cumulative runoff yield and sediment yield.The effect of slope length on cumulative runoff and sediment yield is greater than that of slope gradient,and all of the two factors have the positive effect on cumulative runoff and sediment yield.
In order to reveal the processes of runoff and sediment yield on the slopes with different lengths on Lou soil mound,through the field simulated runoff-scouring experiment under the conditions of different slopes and different slope lengths(4,8,12,16,20 m),the processes of runoff and sediment yield on the slope of Lou soil mound were analyzed.The results show that the flow rate on the slope of the engineering mound increases with the constant fluctuation over the water discharge scouring time.With the increase of slope length,the amplitude of fluctuation of sediment yield is larger.The sediment concentration of runoff decreases first and then keeps stable over the water discharge scouring time.With the increase of slope length,the sediment content increases.The cumulative flow rate on the slope of engineering mound with the change of the time of water drainage can be expressed using linear function.There is a very significant power function relationship between cumulative sediment yield and water drainage time.Both of them show the increasing change with the increase of the slope length.The test slope and the length of the slope have the important influences on the cumulative runoff yield and sediment yield.The effect of slope length on cumulative runoff and sediment yield is greater than that of slope gradient,and all of the two factors have the positive effect on cumulative runoff and sediment yield.
引文
[1]张翔,高照良,杜捷,等.工程堆积体坡面产流产沙特性的现场试验[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(4):19-24.
[2]张翔,高照良,袁雪红,等.工程堆积体坡面细沟流水力学参数特性研究[J].泥沙研究,2016(4):34-40.
[3]袁普金,张翔,王万君,等.植物篱措施下工程堆积体坡面减流减沙效益研究[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(6):374-380.
[4]Lal R.Effect of slope length on runoff from Alfisols in Western Nigeria[J].Geoderma,1983,31(3):185-193.
[5]Truman C C,Wauchope R D.Slope length effects on runoff and sediment delivery[J].Journal of Soil&Water Conservation,2001,56(3):249-256.
[6]蔡强国.坡长对坡耕地侵蚀产沙过程的影响[J].云南地理环境研究,1998(1):34-43.
[7]蔡强国.坡长在坡面侵蚀产沙过程中的作用[J].泥沙研究,1989(4):84-91.
[8]Barbosa F T,Bertol I,Werner R D S,et al.Critical slope length for water erosion for three crop residue types and rates in two sowing directions in no-till[J].Revista Brasileira De Ciência Do Solo,2012,36(4):1279-1290.
[9]黎四龙,蔡强国,吴淑安,等.坡长对径流及侵蚀的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境,1998(1):29-35.
[10]郭新亚,张兴奇,顾礼彬,等.坡长对黔西北地区坡面产流产沙的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(2):40-44.
[11]吴淑芳,吴普特,原立峰.坡面径流调控薄层水流水力学特性试验[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(3):14-19.
[12]张乐涛,高照良,田红卫.工程堆积体陡坡坡面土壤侵蚀水动力学过程[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(24):94-102.
[13]齐洪亮,田伟平,舒延俊.基于坡面径流强度的中国公路水文区划研究[J].公路交通科技,2010,27(3):12-16.
[14]朱显谟.黄土高原水蚀的主要类型及其有关因素[J].水土保持通报,1982(3):40-44.
[15]李小昱,雷廷武,王为.电容式传感器测量水流泥沙含量的研究[J].土壤学报,2002,39(3):429-435.
[2]张翔,高照良,袁雪红,等.工程堆积体坡面细沟流水力学参数特性研究[J].泥沙研究,2016(4):34-40.
[3]袁普金,张翔,王万君,等.植物篱措施下工程堆积体坡面减流减沙效益研究[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(6):374-380.
[4]Lal R.Effect of slope length on runoff from Alfisols in Western Nigeria[J].Geoderma,1983,31(3):185-193.
[5]Truman C C,Wauchope R D.Slope length effects on runoff and sediment delivery[J].Journal of Soil&Water Conservation,2001,56(3):249-256.
[6]蔡强国.坡长对坡耕地侵蚀产沙过程的影响[J].云南地理环境研究,1998(1):34-43.
[7]蔡强国.坡长在坡面侵蚀产沙过程中的作用[J].泥沙研究,1989(4):84-91.
[8]Barbosa F T,Bertol I,Werner R D S,et al.Critical slope length for water erosion for three crop residue types and rates in two sowing directions in no-till[J].Revista Brasileira De Ciência Do Solo,2012,36(4):1279-1290.
[9]黎四龙,蔡强国,吴淑安,等.坡长对径流及侵蚀的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境,1998(1):29-35.
[10]郭新亚,张兴奇,顾礼彬,等.坡长对黔西北地区坡面产流产沙的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(2):40-44.
[11]吴淑芳,吴普特,原立峰.坡面径流调控薄层水流水力学特性试验[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(3):14-19.
[12]张乐涛,高照良,田红卫.工程堆积体陡坡坡面土壤侵蚀水动力学过程[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(24):94-102.
[13]齐洪亮,田伟平,舒延俊.基于坡面径流强度的中国公路水文区划研究[J].公路交通科技,2010,27(3):12-16.
[14]朱显谟.黄土高原水蚀的主要类型及其有关因素[J].水土保持通报,1982(3):40-44.
[15]李小昱,雷廷武,王为.电容式传感器测量水流泥沙含量的研究[J].土壤学报,2002,39(3):429-435.