福建省长汀县不同水保措施的减流减沙效应
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摘要
[目的]揭示福建省长汀县不同水保措施的减流减沙效应,为南方红壤侵蚀区治理水土流失提供科学的依据。[方法]以福建省长汀县水土保持科教园7种水保措施为研究对象,利用K均值聚类的方法将降雨特征划分为4类雨强和雨型定量研究径流泥沙,分析不同水保措施及雨型下的减流减沙效益。[结果](1)小区ZG(小平台+种果)与MWS(马尾松纯林)减流率最为显著;小区BC(全坡面种植+播草)和ZG减沙效果最为显著。(2)径流量与降雨量呈显著正相关,径流泥沙量在不同雨型下差异不显著,径流量与植被盖度显著相关;(3)同一雨型下,不同水保措施处理的减流减沙效果均显著。[结论]水保措施与对照小区的年径流量差异极其显著,减流减沙率受雨型影响较小,径流泥沙量与植被盖度、土壤有机质存在显著相关。
[Objective]The effects of water & soil conservation measures on the reductions of runoff and sediment were researched in Changting County of Fujian province in order to provide scientific basis for soil erosion control in the southern red soil erosion area.[Methods]In the soil and water conservation science and education park in Changting County,Fujian Povince,seven soil and water conservation measures were set,the efficiencies in runoff and sediment reduction under four kinds of rainfall with respect to intensity and type were experimented and analyzed.Method of K-mean clustering was used.[Results](1) ZG(platform+fruittree)and MWS(Pinus massoniam pure trees)were the most significant in the reduction of water loss.BC(full slope planting+sowing grass)and ZG had the most significant effect on the reduction of sediment.(2) There was a significant positive correlation between runoff and rainfall.There were no significant difference in the amounts of runoff and sediment among different rainfall intensities.Runoff were significantly correlated with vegetation coverage.(3) Under the same rain pattern,the effect of different water conservation measures on reducing flow and sediment was remarkable.[Conclusion]The difference of annual runoff between the plotstreated with conservation measures and the control plot was very significant.The sediment reduction rate was less affected by rainfall type.The sediment quantity of runoff was significantly correlated with vegetation coverage and soil organic matter.
[Objective]The effects of water & soil conservation measures on the reductions of runoff and sediment were researched in Changting County of Fujian province in order to provide scientific basis for soil erosion control in the southern red soil erosion area.[Methods]In the soil and water conservation science and education park in Changting County,Fujian Povince,seven soil and water conservation measures were set,the efficiencies in runoff and sediment reduction under four kinds of rainfall with respect to intensity and type were experimented and analyzed.Method of K-mean clustering was used.[Results](1) ZG(platform+fruittree)and MWS(Pinus massoniam pure trees)were the most significant in the reduction of water loss.BC(full slope planting+sowing grass)and ZG had the most significant effect on the reduction of sediment.(2) There was a significant positive correlation between runoff and rainfall.There were no significant difference in the amounts of runoff and sediment among different rainfall intensities.Runoff were significantly correlated with vegetation coverage.(3) Under the same rain pattern,the effect of different water conservation measures on reducing flow and sediment was remarkable.[Conclusion]The difference of annual runoff between the plotstreated with conservation measures and the control plot was very significant.The sediment reduction rate was less affected by rainfall type.The sediment quantity of runoff was significantly correlated with vegetation coverage and soil organic matter.
引文
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[6]张兴奇,顾礼彬,张科利,等.坡度对黔西北地区坡面产流产沙的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(4):18-22.
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[8]梁娟珠.南方红壤区不同植被措施坡面的水土流失特征[J].水土保持研究,2015,22(4):95-99.
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[10]吕玉娟,彭新华,高磊,等.红壤丘陵岗地区坡地产流产沙特征及影响因素研究[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(6):19-23.
[11]陈志彪,岳辉.实施水土保持措施后的小气候效应分析:以长汀县河田地区为例[J].亚热带水土保持,2005,17(1):17-23.
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[13]吴发启,范文波.土壤结皮与降雨溅蚀的关系研究[J].水土保持学报,2001,15(3):1-3.
[14]唐涛,郝明德,单凤霞.人工降雨条件下秸秆覆盖减少水土流失的效应研究[J].水土保持研究,2008,15(1):9-11.
[15]周璟,张旭东,何丹,等.武陵山区女儿寨小流域次降雨径流与产沙特征[J].中国水土保持科学,2011,9(1):33-38.
[16]聂小东,李忠武,王晓燕,等.雨强对红壤耕地泥沙流失及有机碳富集的影响规律研究[J].土壤学报,2013,50(5):900-908.
[17]梁娟珠.不同植被措施下红壤坡面径流变化特征[J].水土保持通报,2015,35(6):159-163.
[18]刘宝元,谢云,张科利.土壤侵蚀预报模型[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,2001:66-68.
[19]刘宝元,张科利,焦菊英.土壤可侵蚀性及其在侵蚀预报中的应用[J].自然资源学报,1999,14(4):345-350.
[20]范昊明,蔡强国,崔明.东北黑土漫岗区土壤侵蚀垂直分带性研究[J].农业工程学报,2005,21(6):8-13.
[21] Van Dijk P M,Kwaad F J P M,Klapwijk M.Retention of water and sediment by grass strips[J].Hydrological Processes,2015,10(8):1069-1080.
[22] Pan Chengzhong,Shangguan Zhouping.Runoff hydraulic characteristics and sediment generation in sloped grassplots under simulated rain all conditions[J].Journal of Hydrology,2016,331(1):178-185.
[23] Zhou Zhengchao,Shangguan Zhouping.Effect of rye grasses on soil runoff and sediment control[J].Pedosphere,2008,18(1):131-136.
[24]文亦芾,毕玉芬,董亚芳.金沙江流域退耕还草地水土保持效益分析研究[J].土壤,2006,38(4):489-493.
[25]郑本暖,杨玉盛,谢锦升,等.亚热带红壤严重退化生态系统封禁管理后生物多样性的恢复[J].水土保持研究,2002,9(4):57-60.
[26]黄少燕.红壤侵蚀退化地不同生态恢复措施对土壤养分影响研究[J].水土保持研究,2009,16(3):38-42.
[27]王升,王全九,董文财,等.黄土坡面不同植被覆盖度下产流产沙与养分流失规律[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(4):23-27.
[28]张晓萍,张橹,王勇,等.黄河中游地区年径流对土地利用变化时空响应分析[J].中国水土保持科学,2009,7(1):19-26.
[29]刘斌,罗全华,常文哲,等.不同林草植被盖度的水土保持效益及适宜植被覆盖度[J].中国水土保持科学,2008,6(6):68-73.
[30]孙向丽,张启翔.不同水肥供应对丽格海棠根系形态和生理指标的影响[J].西北林学院学报,2011,26(5):46-52.
[2] Defersha M B,Quraishi S,Melesse A,et al.The effect of slope steepness and antecedent moisture content on interrill erosion,runoff and sediment size distribution in the highlands of Ethiopia[J].Hydrology and Earth System Sciences,2011,15(7):2367-2375.
[3]郑粉莉,王占礼,杨勤科,等.土壤侵蚀学科发展战略[J].水土保持研究,2004,11(4):57-62.
[4]和继军,蔡强国,刘松波.次降雨条件下坡度对坡面产流产沙的影响[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(5):1263-1268.
[5]李静苑,蒲晓君,郑江坤,等.整地与植被调整对紫色土区坡面产流产沙的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(3):81-85.
[6]张兴奇,顾礼彬,张科利,等.坡度对黔西北地区坡面产流产沙的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(4):18-22.
[7]方海燕,蔡强国,李秋艳.黄土丘陵沟壑区坡向对产流产沙影响的研究[J].中国水土保持,2011(5):39-42.
[8]梁娟珠.南方红壤区不同植被措施坡面的水土流失特征[J].水土保持研究,2015,22(4):95-99.
[9]卜建霞,叶功富,尤龙辉,等.福建省长汀县不同土地利用方式降雨产流产沙特征[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(4):1-5.
[10]吕玉娟,彭新华,高磊,等.红壤丘陵岗地区坡地产流产沙特征及影响因素研究[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(6):19-23.
[11]陈志彪,岳辉.实施水土保持措施后的小气候效应分析:以长汀县河田地区为例[J].亚热带水土保持,2005,17(1):17-23.
[12] General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of China.GB15774-2008,Calculation method of benefit in soil and water conservation[S].Beijing:China Standards Press,2008.
[13]吴发启,范文波.土壤结皮与降雨溅蚀的关系研究[J].水土保持学报,2001,15(3):1-3.
[14]唐涛,郝明德,单凤霞.人工降雨条件下秸秆覆盖减少水土流失的效应研究[J].水土保持研究,2008,15(1):9-11.
[15]周璟,张旭东,何丹,等.武陵山区女儿寨小流域次降雨径流与产沙特征[J].中国水土保持科学,2011,9(1):33-38.
[16]聂小东,李忠武,王晓燕,等.雨强对红壤耕地泥沙流失及有机碳富集的影响规律研究[J].土壤学报,2013,50(5):900-908.
[17]梁娟珠.不同植被措施下红壤坡面径流变化特征[J].水土保持通报,2015,35(6):159-163.
[18]刘宝元,谢云,张科利.土壤侵蚀预报模型[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,2001:66-68.
[19]刘宝元,张科利,焦菊英.土壤可侵蚀性及其在侵蚀预报中的应用[J].自然资源学报,1999,14(4):345-350.
[20]范昊明,蔡强国,崔明.东北黑土漫岗区土壤侵蚀垂直分带性研究[J].农业工程学报,2005,21(6):8-13.
[21] Van Dijk P M,Kwaad F J P M,Klapwijk M.Retention of water and sediment by grass strips[J].Hydrological Processes,2015,10(8):1069-1080.
[22] Pan Chengzhong,Shangguan Zhouping.Runoff hydraulic characteristics and sediment generation in sloped grassplots under simulated rain all conditions[J].Journal of Hydrology,2016,331(1):178-185.
[23] Zhou Zhengchao,Shangguan Zhouping.Effect of rye grasses on soil runoff and sediment control[J].Pedosphere,2008,18(1):131-136.
[24]文亦芾,毕玉芬,董亚芳.金沙江流域退耕还草地水土保持效益分析研究[J].土壤,2006,38(4):489-493.
[25]郑本暖,杨玉盛,谢锦升,等.亚热带红壤严重退化生态系统封禁管理后生物多样性的恢复[J].水土保持研究,2002,9(4):57-60.
[26]黄少燕.红壤侵蚀退化地不同生态恢复措施对土壤养分影响研究[J].水土保持研究,2009,16(3):38-42.
[27]王升,王全九,董文财,等.黄土坡面不同植被覆盖度下产流产沙与养分流失规律[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(4):23-27.
[28]张晓萍,张橹,王勇,等.黄河中游地区年径流对土地利用变化时空响应分析[J].中国水土保持科学,2009,7(1):19-26.
[29]刘斌,罗全华,常文哲,等.不同林草植被盖度的水土保持效益及适宜植被覆盖度[J].中国水土保持科学,2008,6(6):68-73.
[30]孙向丽,张启翔.不同水肥供应对丽格海棠根系形态和生理指标的影响[J].西北林学院学报,2011,26(5):46-52.