贸易便利化对出口产品质量的影响研究
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摘要
在推动全面开放新格局形成的战略背景下,研究贸易便利化对出口产品质量的影响及其作用机理具有重要意义。文章利用2007～2015年CEPII数据库中行业层面的贸易数据测算了出口产品质量,在此基础上研究了贸易便利化与出口产品质量的关系。研究发现:贸易便利化通过降低出口企业的贸易成本,一方面促使企业选择以低价竞争策略替代质量竞争策略,从而产生替代效应抑制出口产品质量升级;另一方面又使出口企业获得成本优势,促使其选择扩大出口规模,进而产生收入效应以提升出口产品质量。然而贸易便利化对出口产品质量却总体表现为抑制作用,但是随着进口国收入水平的降低,贸易便利化对出口产品质量的抑制作用逐渐降低,最后对出口产品质量表现为促进作用。此外,贸易便利化对质量越高的出口产品抑制作用越明显。
Under the background of promoting the formation of a new comprehensive openness pattern,it is of great significance to study the impact of trade facilitation on the quality of export products and its working mechanism.This paper uses the trade data of the industry level in the CEPII database from 2007 to 2015 to measure the quality of export products.On this basis,the relationship between trade facilitation and export product quality is studied.The study finds that trade facilitation reduces the trade cost of export enterprises.On the one hand,it encourages enterprises to choose a low-price competition strategy instead of quality competition strategy,thus generating a substitution effect to suppress the quality upgrade of export products;on the other hand,the reduction of trade costs enables export enterprises to obtain cost advantage.The cost advantage has prompted the enterprises to choose to expand the scale of exports,which in turn will generate income effects and improve the quality of export products.However,trade facilitation has generally shown an inhibitory effect on the quality of export products.However,as the income level of importing countries decreases,the inhibition effect of trade facilitation on the quality of export products is gradually reduced,and finally the quality of export products is promoted.In addition,trade facilitation has a more pronounced effect on the quality of export products.
Under the background of promoting the formation of a new comprehensive openness pattern,it is of great significance to study the impact of trade facilitation on the quality of export products and its working mechanism.This paper uses the trade data of the industry level in the CEPII database from 2007 to 2015 to measure the quality of export products.On this basis,the relationship between trade facilitation and export product quality is studied.The study finds that trade facilitation reduces the trade cost of export enterprises.On the one hand,it encourages enterprises to choose a low-price competition strategy instead of quality competition strategy,thus generating a substitution effect to suppress the quality upgrade of export products;on the other hand,the reduction of trade costs enables export enterprises to obtain cost advantage.The cost advantage has prompted the enterprises to choose to expand the scale of exports,which in turn will generate income effects and improve the quality of export products.However,trade facilitation has generally shown an inhibitory effect on the quality of export products.However,as the income level of importing countries decreases,the inhibition effect of trade facilitation on the quality of export products is gradually reduced,and finally the quality of export products is promoted.In addition,trade facilitation has a more pronounced effect on the quality of export products.
引文
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[27]李秀芳,施炳展.补贴是否提升了企业出口产品质量?[J].中南财经政法大学学报,2013,No.199(4):139-148.
[28]李豫新,郭颖慧.边境贸易便利化水平对中国新疆维吾尔自治区边境贸易流量的影响---基于贸易引力模型的实证分析[J].国际贸易问题,2013(10):120-128.
[29]孙林,倪卡卡.东盟贸易便利化对中国农产品出口影响及国际比较---基于面板数据模型的实证分析[J].国际贸易问题,2013(04):139-147.
[30]施炳展,张雅睿.贸易自由化与中国企业进口中间品质量升级[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2016(9):3-21.
[31]施炳展,邵文波.中国企业出口产品质量测算及其决定因素---培育出口竞争新优势的微观视角[J].管理世界,2014,(09):90-106.
[32]施炳展.FDI是否提升了本土企业出口产品质量[J].国际商务研究,2015(2):5-20.
[33]盛斌.中国对外贸易政策的政治经济分析[M].上海人民出版社,2002.
[34]佟家栋,李连庆.贸易政策透明度与贸易便利化影响---基于可计算一般均衡模型的分析[J].南开经济研究,2014(4):3-16.
[35]许和连,王海成.最低工资标准对企业出口产品质量的影响研究[J].世界经济,2016(7):73-96.
[36]许家云,佟家栋,毛其淋.人民币汇率、产品质量与企业出口行为---中国制造业企业层面的实证研究[J].金融研究,2015(3):1-17.
[37]徐明君,黎峰.基于生产效率视角的全球价值链分工:理论解释及实证检验[J].世界经济与政治论坛,2015(6):74-94.
[38]谢建国,章素珍.反倾销与中国出口产品质量升级:以美国对华贸易反倾销为例[J].国际贸易问题,2017(1):153-164.
[39]谢娟娟,岳静.贸易便利化对中国-东盟贸易影响的实证分析[J].世界经济研究,2011(8):40-42.
[40]杨军,黄洁,洪俊杰,等.贸易便利化对中国经济影响分析[J].国际贸易问题,2015(9):156-166.
[41]余淼杰,李乐融.贸易自由化与进口中间品质量升级---来自中国海关产品层面的证据[J].经济学:季刊,2016(2):1011-1028.
[42]余淼杰,张睿.人民币升值对出口质量的提升效应:来自中国的微观证据[J].管理世界,2017(5):28-40.
[43]余淼杰,张睿.中国制造业出口质量的准确衡量:挑战与解决方法[J].经济学:季刊,2017,Vol.16(2):463-484.
[44]曾铮,周茜.贸易便利化测评体系及对我国出口的影响[J].国际经贸探索,2008(10):4-9.
[45]张亚斌,刘俊,李城霖.丝绸之路经济带贸易便利化测度及中国贸易潜力[J].财经科学,2016(5):112-122.
[46]张杰,翟福昕,周晓艳.政府补贴、市场竞争与出口产品质量[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2015(4):71-87.
[47]张明志,季克佳.人民币汇率变动对中国制造业企业出口产品质量的影响[J].中国工业经济,2018(1):5-23.
[48]张洋.政府补贴提高了中国制造业企业出口产品质量吗[J].国际贸易问题,2017(4):27-37.
[2]Beghin Y J C..Tariff Equivalent and Forgone Trade Effects of Prohibitive Technical Barriers to Trade[J].American Journal of Agricultural Economics,2009,91(4):930-941.
[3]Fan J J,Reece M,Wang L T..Possible futures of electroweak precision:ILC,FCC-ee,and CEPC[J].Journal of High Energy Physics,2015,2015(9):196.
[4]Feenstra R C,Hong C,Ma H,et al..Contractual versus non-contractual trade:The role of institutions in China[J].Journal of Economic Behavior&Organization,2013,94(2):281-294.
[5]Felipe J,Kumar U..The Role of Trade Facilitation in Central Asia[J].Social Science Electronic Publishing,2010,50(4):5-20.
[6]Fontagne,L.;Orefice,G.,Piermartini,R..Making(Small)Firms Happy,The Heterogeneous Effect of Trade Facilitation Measures.Cesifo working paper,2016.
[7]Grossman G M,Helpman E..Quality Ladders in the Theory of Growth[J].Review of Economic Studies,1991,58(1):43-61.
[8]Hallak J C,Sivadasan J..Firms'Exporting Behavior under Quality Constraints.Working Papers,No.14928,2009.
[9]Hallak J C,Schott P K..Estimating Cross-Country Differences in Product Quality[J].Quarterly Journal of Economics,2008,126(1):417-474.
[10]Hallak J C,Sivadasan J..Product and process productivity:Implications for quality choice and conditional exporter premia[J].Journal of International Economics,2013,91(1):53-67.
[11]Hallak J C..Product quality and the direction of trade[J].Journal of International Economics,2006,68(1):238-265.
[12]Hendy,R.,Zaki,C..Trade Facilitation and Firms Exports:The Case of Egypt.Economic Research Forum working paper,No.843,2014.
[13]Hummels D,Klenow P J..The Variety and Quality of a Nation's Exports[J].American Economic Review,2005,95(3):704-723.
[14]Khandelwal A,Bao J,Kagal L,et al.Analyzing the AIR Language:A Semantic Web(Production)Rule Language[J].Lecture Notes in Computer Science,2010,6333:58-72.
[15]Khandelwal A..The Long and Short(of)Quality Ladders[J].Review of Economic Studies,2010,77(4):1450-1476.
[16]Kugler M,Verhoogen E..Prices,Plant Size,and Product Quality[J].Review of Economic Studies,2012,79(1):307-339.
[17]Piveteau,p.,G.Smagghue.A new Method for Quality Estimation using Trade Data:An Application to French firms.Mimeo,Columbia U-niversity,2013.
[18]Schott P K..Across-Product versus Within-Product Specialization in International Trade[J].Quarterly Journal of Economics,2004,119(2):647-678.
[19]Verhoogen E A..Trade,Quality Upgrading,and Wage Inequality in the Mexican Manufacturing Sector[J].Quarterly Journal of Economics,2008,123(2):489-530.
[20]Wilson J S,Mann C L,Otsuki T..Assessing the Benefits of Trade Facilitation:A Global Perspective[J].World Economy,2005,28(6):841-871.
[21]Wilson J S,Mann C L,Otsuki T..Trade Facilitation and Economic Development:A New Approach to Quantifying the Impact[J].World Bank Economic Review,2003,17(3):367-389.
[22]Zarzoso V,Comon P..Optimal Step-Size Constant Modulus Algorithm[J].IEEE Transactions on Communications,2008,56(1):10-13.
[23]刘怡,耿纯.出口退税对出口产品质量的影响[J].财政研究,2016(5):2-17.
[24]刘晓宁,刘磊.贸易自由化对出口产品质量的影响效应---基于中国微观制造业企业的实证研究[J].国际贸易问题,2015(8):14-23.
[25]刘海洋,林令涛,高璐.进口中间品与出口产品质量升级:来自微观企业的证据[J].国际贸易问题,2017(2):39-49.
[26]刘家悦,谢靖.环境规制与制造业出口质量升级-基于要素投入结构异质性的视角[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2018(2):158-167.
[27]李秀芳,施炳展.补贴是否提升了企业出口产品质量?[J].中南财经政法大学学报,2013,No.199(4):139-148.
[28]李豫新,郭颖慧.边境贸易便利化水平对中国新疆维吾尔自治区边境贸易流量的影响---基于贸易引力模型的实证分析[J].国际贸易问题,2013(10):120-128.
[29]孙林,倪卡卡.东盟贸易便利化对中国农产品出口影响及国际比较---基于面板数据模型的实证分析[J].国际贸易问题,2013(04):139-147.
[30]施炳展,张雅睿.贸易自由化与中国企业进口中间品质量升级[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2016(9):3-21.
[31]施炳展,邵文波.中国企业出口产品质量测算及其决定因素---培育出口竞争新优势的微观视角[J].管理世界,2014,(09):90-106.
[32]施炳展.FDI是否提升了本土企业出口产品质量[J].国际商务研究,2015(2):5-20.
[33]盛斌.中国对外贸易政策的政治经济分析[M].上海人民出版社,2002.
[34]佟家栋,李连庆.贸易政策透明度与贸易便利化影响---基于可计算一般均衡模型的分析[J].南开经济研究,2014(4):3-16.
[35]许和连,王海成.最低工资标准对企业出口产品质量的影响研究[J].世界经济,2016(7):73-96.
[36]许家云,佟家栋,毛其淋.人民币汇率、产品质量与企业出口行为---中国制造业企业层面的实证研究[J].金融研究,2015(3):1-17.
[37]徐明君,黎峰.基于生产效率视角的全球价值链分工:理论解释及实证检验[J].世界经济与政治论坛,2015(6):74-94.
[38]谢建国,章素珍.反倾销与中国出口产品质量升级:以美国对华贸易反倾销为例[J].国际贸易问题,2017(1):153-164.
[39]谢娟娟,岳静.贸易便利化对中国-东盟贸易影响的实证分析[J].世界经济研究,2011(8):40-42.
[40]杨军,黄洁,洪俊杰,等.贸易便利化对中国经济影响分析[J].国际贸易问题,2015(9):156-166.
[41]余淼杰,李乐融.贸易自由化与进口中间品质量升级---来自中国海关产品层面的证据[J].经济学:季刊,2016(2):1011-1028.
[42]余淼杰,张睿.人民币升值对出口质量的提升效应:来自中国的微观证据[J].管理世界,2017(5):28-40.
[43]余淼杰,张睿.中国制造业出口质量的准确衡量:挑战与解决方法[J].经济学:季刊,2017,Vol.16(2):463-484.
[44]曾铮,周茜.贸易便利化测评体系及对我国出口的影响[J].国际经贸探索,2008(10):4-9.
[45]张亚斌,刘俊,李城霖.丝绸之路经济带贸易便利化测度及中国贸易潜力[J].财经科学,2016(5):112-122.
[46]张杰,翟福昕,周晓艳.政府补贴、市场竞争与出口产品质量[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2015(4):71-87.
[47]张明志,季克佳.人民币汇率变动对中国制造业企业出口产品质量的影响[J].中国工业经济,2018(1):5-23.
[48]张洋.政府补贴提高了中国制造业企业出口产品质量吗[J].国际贸易问题,2017(4):27-37.