上下柱式开采对中部残煤采场岩层应力分布时空演化的影响
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摘要
针对上下柱式多重采动影响下中部残煤的安全开采,根据白家庄煤矿复合刀柱式残采区中部7号残煤的赋存状况,采用相似模拟和数值模拟相结合的方法,研究了上下柱式开采对中部残煤采场岩层应力分布时空演化的影响,揭示了复合刀柱开采后中部残煤的应力分布特征。研究结果表明:1下部煤层柱式开采时,刀柱煤柱/柱采区域采场煤岩层会逐渐演化为应力增高区/应力降低区,二者在水平方向上交替显现;上部煤层柱式开采时,采场煤岩层的应力集中程度/卸压程度会进一步增强。2多重柱式采动影响下,采场煤岩层的应力分布呈现"原始平衡—初始波态平衡—新波态平衡"的演化特征,不仅揭示了支承压力在刀柱煤柱采场煤岩层中的时空叠加效应,而且证实了柱采区域采场煤岩层的复合卸压效应。3复合刀柱开采后,中部残煤的应力分布表现出明显的波态特征。
In order to ensure the safe mining of middle residual coal seam with top-bottom pillar gobs,the influence of upper-bottom pillar mining on the temporal and spatial evolution of vertical stress around middle residual coal seam was studied with the similarity and numerical simulation based on the occurrence conditions of NO. 7 middle residual coal seam in Baijiazhuang coal mine,China. Research results show that: 1 The strata above coal pillars and pillarmining zones are evolved to stress concentration and reduction zone respectively after bottom-pillar mining,while the degree will be enhanced after upper-pillar mining. 2 The vertical stress evolution of "initial balance-initial wave balance-new wave balance"not only reflects the temporal and spatial superposition effect of abutment pressure caused bythe multiple pillar mining of upper-bottom coal seams,but also is closely related with combined pressure relief effect.3 The vertical stress distribution of residual coal seam also presents wave characteristics after multiple-pillar mining.
In order to ensure the safe mining of middle residual coal seam with top-bottom pillar gobs,the influence of upper-bottom pillar mining on the temporal and spatial evolution of vertical stress around middle residual coal seam was studied with the similarity and numerical simulation based on the occurrence conditions of NO. 7 middle residual coal seam in Baijiazhuang coal mine,China. Research results show that: 1 The strata above coal pillars and pillarmining zones are evolved to stress concentration and reduction zone respectively after bottom-pillar mining,while the degree will be enhanced after upper-pillar mining. 2 The vertical stress evolution of "initial balance-initial wave balance-new wave balance"not only reflects the temporal and spatial superposition effect of abutment pressure caused bythe multiple pillar mining of upper-bottom coal seams,but also is closely related with combined pressure relief effect.3 The vertical stress distribution of residual coal seam also presents wave characteristics after multiple-pillar mining.
引文
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[3]刘见中,申宝宏,姜鹏飞,等.提高我国煤炭科学产能的技术对策[J].煤炭科学技术,2013,41(1):21-24.Liu Jianzhong,Shen Baohong,Jiang Pengfei,et al.Technical countermeasures of improving China coal production capacity[J].Coal Science and Technology,2013,41(1):21-24.
[4]徐忠和,赵阳升,高红波,等.旧采残煤综合机械化长壁复采的几个问题[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(S1):33-39.Xu Zhonghe,Zhao Yangsheng,Gao Hongbo,et al.Several problems of the old mining remnants in longwall fully mechanized mining technology[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(S1):33-39.
[5]冯国瑞.残采区上行开采基础理论及应用研究[D].太原:太原理工大学,2009.Feng Guorui.Study on the theory and its application of upward mining of left-over coal[D].Taiyuan:Taiyuan University of Technology,2009.
[6]冯国瑞,郑婧,任亚峰,等.垮落法残采区上行综采技术条件判定理论及方法[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(11):1863-1867.Feng Guorui,Zheng Jing,Ren Yafeng,et al.Decision theory and method on feasibility on the upward fully mechanized mining of the left over coal above gob area mined with caving method[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(11):1863-1867.
[7]冯国瑞,张绪言,李建军,等.刀柱采空区上方遗弃煤层上行开采可行性判定[J].煤炭学报,2009,34(6):726-730.Feng Guorui,Zhang Xuyan,Li Jianjun,et al.Feasibility on the upward mining of the left-over coal above goaf with pillar supporting method[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2009,34(6):726-730.
[8]李树清,何学秋,李绍泉,等.煤层群双重卸压开采覆岩移动及裂隙动态演化的试验研究[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(12):2146-2152.Li Shuqing,He Xueqiu,Li Shaoquan,et al.Experimental research on strata movement and fracture dynamic evolution of double pressurerelief mining in coal seams group[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(12):2146-2152.
[9]程远平,周德永,俞启香,等.保护层卸压瓦斯抽采及涌出规律研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2006,23(1):12-18.Cheng Yuanping,Zhou Deyong,Yu Qixiang,et al.Research on extraction and emission laws of gas for pressure-relief in protecting coal seams[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2006,23(1):12-18.
[10]王洛锋,姜福兴,于正兴.深部强冲击厚煤层开采上,下解放层卸压效果相似模拟试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2009,31(3):442-446.Wang Luofeng,Jiang Fuxing,Yu Zhengxing.Similar material simulation experiment on destressing effects of the deep thick coal seam with high burst liability after mining upper and lower protective seams[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2009,31(3):442-446.
[11]吴向前,窦林名,吕长国,等.上解放层开采对下煤层卸压作用研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2012,40(3):28-31.Wu Xiangqian,Dou Linming,LüChangguo,et al.Study on upper liberated seam mining to pressure releasing function of low seam[J].Coal Science and Technology,2012,40(3):28-31.
[12]张百胜.极近距离煤层开采围岩控制理论及技术研究[D].太原:太原理工大学,2008.Zhang Baisheng.Study on the supporting rock control theory and the technology of ultra-close multiple seams mining[D].Taiyuan:Taiyuan University of Technology,2008.
[13]Liang Shun,Li Xuehua,Mao Yanxin,et al.Time-domain characteristics of overlying strata failure under condition of longwall ascending mining[J].International Journal of Mining Science and Technology,2013,23(2):207-211.
[14]王明立,张华兴,张刚艳.刀柱式老采空区上行长壁开采的采矿安全评价[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2008,25(1):87-90.Wang Mingli,Zhang Huaxing,Zhang Gangyan.Safety assessment of ascending long wall mining over old rib pillar gobs[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2008,25(1):87-90.
[15]刘增平.房柱式采空区上部煤层上行开采可行性分析[J].煤矿开采,2012,17(2):38-40.Liu Zengping.Feasibility of coal mining over gob room-and-pillar mining[J].Coal Mining Technology,2012,17(2):38-40.
[16]屠世浩,窦凤金,万志军,等.浅埋房柱式采空区下近距离煤层综采顶板控制技术[J].煤炭学报,2011,36(3):366-370.Tu Shihao,Dou Fengjin,Wan Zhijun,et al.Strata control technology of the fully mechanized face in shallow coal seam close to the above room and pillar gob[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2011,36(3):366-370.
[17]解兴智.浅埋煤层房柱式采空区下长壁开采矿压显现特征[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(6):898-902.Xie Xingzhi.Study on the characteristics of strata behavior in shallow seam longwall mining under the room-and-pillar mining goaf[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(6):898-902.
[18]杨真,童兵,黄成成,等.近距离房柱采空区下长壁采场顶板垮落特征研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2012,29(2):157-161.Yang Zhen,Tong Bing,Huang Chengcheng,et al.Study of caving and fracturing over a longwall panel beneath a goaf mined by room and pillar[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2012,29(2):157-161.
[19]杨敬轩,刘长友,杨宇,等.浅埋近距离煤层房柱采空区下顶板承载及房柱尺寸[J].中国矿业大学学报,2013,42(2):161-168.Yang Jingxuan,Liu Changyou,Yang Yu,et al.Study of the bearing mechanism of the coal roof and the dimension selection of the room and pillar in the shallow and close distance coal seam[J].Journal of China University of Mining and Technology,2013,42(2):161-168.
[20]李鸿昌.矿山压力的相似模拟试验[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1988.