兴安落叶松天然林新老枝叶光合能力及水分利用效率研究
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摘要
【目的】兴安落叶松林是我国大兴安岭地区顶级植被,每年长出的新枝和老枝间有明显的特征差异,而这种差异可能会引起新枝叶和老枝叶光合能力及水分利用效率的差异。笔者探究新枝叶和老枝叶间光合能力的差异,分析兴安落叶松光合能力对环境变化的响应,以准确估算大兴安岭地区顶级群落的光合及水分利用情况。【方法】于2016年6—9月在黑龙江漠河森林生态系统定位研究站对不同分化等级的兴安落叶松新枝叶和老枝叶的光合能力(P_(n,max))、蒸腾速率(T_r)、水分利用效率(C_(WUE))等指标进行测定。【结果】兴安落叶松新枝叶和老枝叶平均P_(n,max)分别为5. 654和3. 248μmol/(m~2·s),平均T_r分别为1. 291和0. 779μmol/(m~2·s),新枝叶P_(n,max)和T_r分别比老枝叶高74. 1%和65. 7%。新枝叶和老枝叶平均C_(WUE)分别为5. 077和4. 762μmol/mmol,新枝叶比老枝叶高6. 61%。【结论】兴安落叶松林各分化等级间P_(n,max)、T_r和C_(WUE)均差异不显著(P> 0. 05);但新枝叶及老枝叶的P_(n,max)和T_r均表现为差异极显著(P <0. 01),新枝叶和老枝叶平均C_(WUE)则差异不显著(P> 0. 05),仅6月中旬与其他月份间C_(WUE)差异极显著(P <0. 01)。因此,兴安落叶松新老枝叶在光合能力和蒸腾速率上存在较大差异,而水分利用效率的差异较小。
【Objective】Larix gmelinii is the climax vegetation in the northern Great Xing'an Mountains. The pronounced differences between new and old branches may cause significant variations of photosynthetic capacity and water use efficiency. Exploring the difference of photosynthetic capacity between new branch and old branch and the response of photosynthetic capacity of L. gmelinii can definitely help to accurately estimate the photosynthetic capacity and water use efficiency of the climax vegetation in Great Xing'an Mountains.【Method】The leaf photosynthetic capacity( P_(n,max)),transpiration rate( T_r) and water use efficiency( C_(WUE)) of the new and old branches of different differentiation grade L. gmelinii were examined in the study site of Mohe Forest Ecosystem Research Station from June to September in 2016.【Results】The results showed that the average P_(n,max)of new and old branches were 5. 654 and 3. 248 μmol/( m~2·s),The average T_rwere 1. 291 and 0. 779 μmol/( m~2·s) respectively. The P_(n,max)and T_rof new branch were 74. 1% and65. 7% higher than those of the old branch. The C_(WUE)of new branch was 6. 61% higher than that of the old branch with the average values of 5. 077 and 4. 762 μmol/mmol,respectively. 【Conclusion】The analysis indicated that the differences of P_(n,max)and T_rbetween new and old branches were significant( P < 0. 01). The difference of average C_(WUE)between new and old branches was not statistically significant( P > 0. 05),although the C_(WUE)in June was significantly( P< 0. 01) different from those in the other months. Thus,we concluded that the P_(n,max)and T_rof L. gmelinii between new and old branches exhibited great differences,while the difference of C_(WUE)was much small.
【Objective】Larix gmelinii is the climax vegetation in the northern Great Xing'an Mountains. The pronounced differences between new and old branches may cause significant variations of photosynthetic capacity and water use efficiency. Exploring the difference of photosynthetic capacity between new branch and old branch and the response of photosynthetic capacity of L. gmelinii can definitely help to accurately estimate the photosynthetic capacity and water use efficiency of the climax vegetation in Great Xing'an Mountains.【Method】The leaf photosynthetic capacity( P_(n,max)),transpiration rate( T_r) and water use efficiency( C_(WUE)) of the new and old branches of different differentiation grade L. gmelinii were examined in the study site of Mohe Forest Ecosystem Research Station from June to September in 2016.【Results】The results showed that the average P_(n,max)of new and old branches were 5. 654 and 3. 248 μmol/( m~2·s),The average T_rwere 1. 291 and 0. 779 μmol/( m~2·s) respectively. The P_(n,max)and T_rof new branch were 74. 1% and65. 7% higher than those of the old branch. The C_(WUE)of new branch was 6. 61% higher than that of the old branch with the average values of 5. 077 and 4. 762 μmol/mmol,respectively. 【Conclusion】The analysis indicated that the differences of P_(n,max)and T_rbetween new and old branches were significant( P < 0. 01). The difference of average C_(WUE)between new and old branches was not statistically significant( P > 0. 05),although the C_(WUE)in June was significantly( P< 0. 01) different from those in the other months. Thus,we concluded that the P_(n,max)and T_rof L. gmelinii between new and old branches exhibited great differences,while the difference of C_(WUE)was much small.
引文
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[2]KARL T R,KNIGHT R W,BAKER B. The record breaking global temperature in 1997 and 1998:evidence for an increase in the rate of global warming[J]. Geophysical Research Letters,2000,27(5):719-722. DOI:10. 1029/1999GL010877.
[3]TAYLOR J A,LLOYD J. Sources and sinks of atmospheric CO2[J]. Aust J Bot,1992,40(5):407-418. DOI:10.1071/BT9920407.
[4]周广胜,王玉辉,蒋延玲.全球变化与中国东北样带(NECT)[J].地学前缘,2002,9(l):198-216.ZHOU G S,WANG Y H,JIANG Y L. Global change and Northeast China transect[J]. Earth Science Frontiers,2002,9(l):198-216.
[5]DIXON R K,SOLOMON A M,BROWN S,et al. Carbon pools and flux of global forest ecosystems[J]. Science,1994,263(5144):185-190. DOI:10. 1126/science. 263. 5144. 185.
[6]蒋延玲,周广胜.中国主要森林生态系统公益的评估[J].植物生态学报,1999,23(5):426-432.JIANG Y L,ZHOU G S. Estimation of ecosystem services of major forest in China[J]. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica,1999,23(5):426-432.
[7]CANADELL J G,MOONEY H A,BALDOCCHI D D,et al.Carbon metabolism of the terrestrial biosphere[J]. Ecosystems,2000,3(2):115-130. DOI:10. 1007/s100210000014.
[8]国家林业局森林资源管理司.第七次全国森林资源清查及森林资源状况[J].林业资源管理,2010(1):1-8. DOI:10.13466/j. cnki. lyzygl. 2010. 01. 004.
[9]ZHANG J H,HAN S J,YU G R. Seasonal variation in carbon dioxide exchange over a 200-year-old Chinese broad-leaved Korean pine mixed forest[J]. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2006,137(3):150-165. DOI:10. 1016/j. agrformet. 2006.02. 004.
[10]GUAN D X,WU J B,ZHAO X S,et al. CO2fluxes over an old,temperate mixed forest in northeastern China[J]. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2006,137(3):138-149. DOI:10.1016/j. agrformet. 2006. 02. 003.
[11]吴家兵,关德新,赵晓松,等.长白山阔叶红松林二氧化碳浓度特征[J].应用生态学报,2005,16(1):49-53. DOI:10.13287/j. 1001-9332. 2005. 0385.WU J B,GUAN D X,ZHAO X S,et al. CO2concentration character in broad-leaved Korean pine forest of Changbai Mountains[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2005,16(1):49-53.
[12]HAN Q,KAWASAKI T,NAKANO T,et al. Spatial and seasonal variability of temperature responses of biochemical photosynthesis parameters and leaf nitrogen content within a Pinus densiflora crown[J]. Tree Physiology,2004,24(7):737-744. DOI:10.1093/treephys/24. 7. 737.
[13]MEDLYN B E,LOUSTAU D,DELZON S. Temperature response of parameters of a biochemically based model of photosynthesis. I.Seasonal changes in Mature maritime pine(Pinus pinaster Ait.)[J]. Plant Cell and Environment,2002,25(9):1155-1165.DOI:10. 1046/j. 1365-3040. 2002. 00890. x.
[14]EAMUS D,MYERS B,DUFF G,et al. Seasonal changes in photosynthesis of eight savanna tree species[J]. Tree Physiology,1999,19(10):665-671. DOI:10. 1093/treephys/19. 10. 665.
[15]REICH P,WALTERS M,ELLSWORTH D. Leaf age and season influence the relationships between leaf nitrogen,leaf mass per area and photosynthesis in maple and oak trees[J]. Plant,Cell and Environment,1991,14(3):251-259. DOI:10. 1111/j. 1365-3040. 1991. tb01499. x.
[16]玉宝,乌吉斯古楞,王百田,等.大兴安岭兴安落叶松(Larix gemlinii)天然林分级木转换特征[J].生态学报,2008,28(11):5750-5757.YU B,WU J S G L,WANG B T,et al. Analysis on classified stem transformation characteristic of Larix gmelinii natural forest at Daxingan Mountains[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2008,28(11):5750-5757.
[17]孙玉军,张俊,韩爱惠,等.兴安落叶松(Larix gmelinii)幼中龄林的生物量与碳汇功能[J].生态学报,2007,27(5):1756-1762.SUN Y J,ZHANG J,HAN A H,et al. Biomass and carbon pool of Larix gmelinii young and middle age forest in Xing'an Mountains Inner Mongolia[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2007,27(5):1756-1762.
[18]KOLB T E,STONE J E. Differences in leaf gas exchange and water relations among species and tree sizes in an Arizona pine oak forest[J]. Tree Physiology,2000,20(1):1-12. DOI:10.1093/treephys/20. 1. 1.
[19]PRADO C,MORAES D. Photosynthetic capacity and specific leaf mass in twenty woods species of Cerrado vegetation under field conditions[J]. Photosynthetica,1997,33(1):103-112. DOI:org/10. 1023/A:1022183423630.
[20]王建林,于贵瑞,房全孝,等.不同植物叶片水分利用效率对光和CO2的响应与模拟[J].生态学报,2008,28(2):525-533.WANG J L,YU G R,FANG X Q,et al. Responses of water use efficiency of nine plant species to light and CO2and its modeling[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2008,28(2):525-533.
[21]肖强,叶文景,朱珠,等.利用数码相机和Photoshop软件非破坏性测定叶而积的简便方法[J].生态学杂志,2005,24(6):711-714. DOI:10. 13292/j. 1000-4890. 2005. 0027.XIAO Q,YE W J,ZHU Z,et al. A simple non-destructive method to measure leaf area using digital camera and Photoshop software[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology,2005,24(6):711-714. DOI:10. 13292/j. 1000-4890. 2005. 0027.
[22]季子敬,全先奎,王传宽.兴安落叶松针叶解剖结构变化及其光合能力对气候变化的适应性[J].生态学报,2013,33(21):6967-6974.JI Z J,QUAN X K,WANG C K. Variations in leaf anatomy of Larix gmelinii reflect adaptation of its photosynthetic capacity to climate changes[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(21):6967-6974.
[23]曾伟,熊彩云,肖复明.中亚热带常绿阔叶林优势树种幼树光合特性季节动态[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2014,38(5):157-160. DOI:10. 3969/j. issn. 1000-2006.2014. 05. 031.ZENG W,XIONG C Y,XIAO F M. Seasonal dynamic study on photosynthetic characteristics of dominant evergreen broadleaved forest[J]. Journal of Nanjing University(Natural Sciences Edition),2014,38(5):157-160. DOI:10. 3969/j. issn. 1000-2006. 2014. 05. 031.
[24]梁淑英,胡海波,夏尚光.枫杨、悬铃木和女贞光合特性的比较[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2008,32(2):135-138. DOI:10. 3969/j. issn. 1000-2006. 2008. 02.LIANG S Y,HU H B,XIA S G. Comparison of photosynthetic characteristics among Pterocarya stenoptera,Platanus acerifolia and Ligustrum lucidum[J]. Journal of Nanjing University(Natural Sciences Edition),2008,32(2):135-138.
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