高比例水电多直流弱送端电网自动发电控制的优化方法
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摘要
渝鄂背靠背柔性直流工程投运后,具备高比例水电多直流弱送端特征的西南电网规模将显著减小。结合西南电网异步试验运行情况,指出了现有自动发电控制(AGC)控制算法及建模方法存在的不足。提出了基于比例—微分控制律的AGC总调节需求计算方法,通过提前抑制误差提高系统稳定性。在分析低通滤波环节如何影响AGC调整效果的基础之上,提出了考虑不同工况下的滤波因子自适应调整方法,在减少日常频繁调整的同时提升了故障下的动态响应性能。为提高所述方法的实际电网运行效率和安全水平,探讨了控制区域建模方法和电厂控制策略优化方案。最后,基于电力系统全过程动态仿真程序(PSD-FDS)验证了该优化方法的有效性。
With the operation of Chongqing-Hubei back-to-back flexible DC project of China, the scale of Southwest Power Grid with multi-DC weak sending and high proportion of hydropower is significantly reduced. Considering the test operation of the Southwest Power Grid in asynchronous mode, and the existing problems in automatic generation control(AGC) algorithms and modelling methods are analyzed. Based on the proportional-derivative control law, a computational method of area regulation requirement is proposed to increase the stability of the system by reducing errors in advance. Based on the relationship between low-pass filter process and control quality, the setting of dynamic filtering factors for different working conditions is developed to balance the dynamic response performance and frequent adjustment of units output. The optimization scheme for establishing the control areas and relevant control strategies is proposed in order to meet the demands for the efficiency and safety in actual operation. Verification simulations are carried out and AGC full dynamic simulation results prove the effectiveness of the proposed optimization methods based on the platform of the PSD-FDS.
With the operation of Chongqing-Hubei back-to-back flexible DC project of China, the scale of Southwest Power Grid with multi-DC weak sending and high proportion of hydropower is significantly reduced. Considering the test operation of the Southwest Power Grid in asynchronous mode, and the existing problems in automatic generation control(AGC) algorithms and modelling methods are analyzed. Based on the proportional-derivative control law, a computational method of area regulation requirement is proposed to increase the stability of the system by reducing errors in advance. Based on the relationship between low-pass filter process and control quality, the setting of dynamic filtering factors for different working conditions is developed to balance the dynamic response performance and frequent adjustment of units output. The optimization scheme for establishing the control areas and relevant control strategies is proposed in order to meet the demands for the efficiency and safety in actual operation. Verification simulations are carried out and AGC full dynamic simulation results prove the effectiveness of the proposed optimization methods based on the platform of the PSD-FDS.
引文
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[12] 谈超,滕贤亮,闵亮,等.基于修正区域控制偏差的多区域协同控制技术:(二)问题建模与改进方法[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(2):121-128.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20160608015.TAN Chao,TENG Xianliang,MIN Liang,et al.Technologies for coordinated control among multiple control areas based on ACE correction:Part two problem formulation and potential solutions[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(2):121-128.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20160608015.
[13] 国家电网有限公司.西南电网异步运行试验圆满结束[EB/OL].[2018-07-01].http://www.sgcc.com.cn/html/sgcc_main/col2017021554/2018-05/02/20180502083255550263358_1.shtml.State Grid Corporation of China.Asynchronous operation test ended successfully in Southwest Power Grid[EB/OL].[2018-07-01].http://www.sgcc.com.cn/html/sgcc_main/col20170 21554/2018-05/02/20180502083255550263358_1.shtml.
[14] 李滨,韦化,农蔚涛,等.互联电网CPS下AGC控制参数的优化[J].电力系统自动化,2009,33(18):37-41.LI Bin,WEI Hua,NONG Weitao,et al.Optimization of AGC control parameters under the control performance standard for interconnected power grids[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2009,33(18):37-41.
[15] 徐敏,陈亦平,涂亮,等.异步联网后AGC超调引起频率波动的问题分析[J].广东电力,2017,30(5):81-86.XU Min,CHEN Yiping,TU Liang,et al.Analysis on frequency fluctuation caused by AGC overshoot after asynchronous interconnection[J].Guangdong Electric Power,2017,30(5):81-86.
[16] 高宗和.自动发电控制算法的几点改进[J].电力系统自动化,2001,25(22):49-51.GAO Zonghe.Some algorithmic improvements on AGC software[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2001,25(22):49-51.
[17] APOSTOLOPOULOU D,SAUER P W,DOMINGUEZ-GARCIA A D.Balancing authority area model and its application to the design of adaptive AGC systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2016,31(5):3756-3764.
[18] 汪德星,杨立兵.自动发电控制(AGC)技术在华东电力系统中的应用[J].华东电力,2005,33(1):23-27.WANG Dexing,YANG Libing.Application of AGC technology in East China Electric Power System[J].East China Electric Power,2005,33(1):23-27.
[19] 谈超,戴则梅,滕贤亮,等.北美频率控制性能标准发展分析及其对中国的启示[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(18):1-7.TAN Chao,DAI Zemei,TENG Xianliang,et al.Development of frequency control performance standard in North America and its enlightenment to China[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(18):1-7.
[20] 滕贤亮,高宗和,张小白,等.有功调度超前控制和在线水火电协调控制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2008,32(22):16-20.TENG Xianliang,GAO Zonghe,ZHANG Xiaobai,et al.Look-ahead control for active power dispatching system and online hydro-thermal coordinated control strategy[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2008,32(22):16-20.
[21] MONASTERIOS P R,TRODDEN P.Low-complexity distributed predictive automatic generation control with guaranteed properties[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2017,8(6):3045-3054.
[22] OPPENHEIM A V,WILLSKY A S,NAWAB S H.信号与系统[M].2版.北京:电子工业出版社,2013.OPPENHEIM A V,WILLSKY A S,NAWAB S H.Signals and systems[M].2nd ed.Beijing:Publishing House of Electronics Industry,2013.
[23] 宋新立,王成山,仲悟之,等.电力系统全过程动态仿真中的自动发电控制模型[J].电网技术,2013,37(12):3439-3444.SONG Xinli,WANG Chengshan,ZHONG Wuzhi,et al.Modeling of automatic generation control for power system transient,medium-term and long-term stabilities simulations[J].Power System Technology,2013,37(12):3439-3444.
[2] 陈国平,李明节,许涛.特高压交直流电网系统保护及其关键技术[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(22):2-10.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20180914001.CHEN Guoping,LI Mingjie,XU Tao.System protection and its key technologies of UHV AC and DC power grid[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2018,42(22):2-10.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20180914001.
[3] 周保荣,洪潮,金小明,等.南方电网同步运行网架向异步运行网架的转变研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(8):2084-2092.ZHOU Baorong,HONG Chao,JIN Xiaoming,et al.Study of backbone structure change from synchronous to asynchronous in China Southern power grid[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(8):2084-2092.
[4] 中国南方电网.南方电网西电东送单日送电连续创新高[EB/OL].[2018-07-01].http://www.csg.cn/xwzx/2017/mtgz/201708/t20170810_159221.html.China Southern Power Grid.Single-day power transmission achieves record high continuously in the West to East power transmission project of China Southern Power Grid [EB/OL].[2018-07-01].http://www.csg.cn/xwzx/2017/mtgz/201708/t20170810_159221.html.
[5] 路晓敏,陈磊,陈亦平,等.电力系统一次调频过程的超低频振荡分析[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(16):64-70.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20161208002.LU Xiaomin,CHEN Lei,CHEN Yiping,et al.Ultra-low-frequency oscillation of power system primary frequency regulation[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(16):64-70.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20161208002.
[6] 高琴,陈亦平,朱林,等.多直流异步互联系统中频率限制器的控制策略优化设计[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(12):167-172.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170911003.GAO Qin,CHEN Yiping,ZHU Lin,et al.Strategy design of frequency limit controller on multi-HVDC asynchronous interconnected power system[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2018,42(12):167-172.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170911003.
[7] 董昱,张鑫,余锐,等.水电汇集多直流弱送端电网稳定控制及系统保护方案[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(22):19-25.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20180102005.DONG Yu,ZHANG Xin,YU Rui,et al.Stability control and power system protection scheme for power grid with hydropower pool and multi-DC weak sending[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2018,42(22):19-25.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20180102005.
[8] 滕贤亮,高宗和,朱斌,等.智能电网调度控制系统AGC需求分析及关键技术[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(1):81-87.TENG Xianliang,GAO Zonghe,ZHU Bin,et al.Requirements analysis and key technologies for automatic generation control for smart grid dispatching and control systems[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(1):81-87.
[9] 黄伟,段荣华,江崇熙,等.多机系统超低频振荡稳定分析与调速器参数优化[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(21):185-191.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20180215003.HUANG Wei,DUAN Ronghua,JIANG Chongxi,et al.Stability analysis of ultra-low frequency oscillation and governor parameter optimization for multi-machine system[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2018,42(21):185-191.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20180215003.
[10] 高宗和,陈刚,杨军峰,等.特高压互联电网联络线功率控制:(一)AGC控制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2009,33(15):51-55.GAO Zonghe,CHEN Gang,YANG Junfeng,et al.Active power control for tie-lines in UHV interconnected power grid:Part one AGC control strategies[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2009,33(15):51-55.
[11] 谈超,戴则梅,滕贤亮,等.基于修正区域控制偏差的多区域协同控制技术:(一)驱动、现状与发展建议[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(1):88-94.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20160608014.TAN Chao,DAI Zemei,TENG Xianliang,et al.Technologies for coordinated control among multiple control areas based on ACE correction:Part one driving force,state-of-the-art and proposed development[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(1):88-94.DOI:10.7500/AEPS 20160608014.
[12] 谈超,滕贤亮,闵亮,等.基于修正区域控制偏差的多区域协同控制技术:(二)问题建模与改进方法[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(2):121-128.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20160608015.TAN Chao,TENG Xianliang,MIN Liang,et al.Technologies for coordinated control among multiple control areas based on ACE correction:Part two problem formulation and potential solutions[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(2):121-128.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20160608015.
[13] 国家电网有限公司.西南电网异步运行试验圆满结束[EB/OL].[2018-07-01].http://www.sgcc.com.cn/html/sgcc_main/col2017021554/2018-05/02/20180502083255550263358_1.shtml.State Grid Corporation of China.Asynchronous operation test ended successfully in Southwest Power Grid[EB/OL].[2018-07-01].http://www.sgcc.com.cn/html/sgcc_main/col20170 21554/2018-05/02/20180502083255550263358_1.shtml.
[14] 李滨,韦化,农蔚涛,等.互联电网CPS下AGC控制参数的优化[J].电力系统自动化,2009,33(18):37-41.LI Bin,WEI Hua,NONG Weitao,et al.Optimization of AGC control parameters under the control performance standard for interconnected power grids[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2009,33(18):37-41.
[15] 徐敏,陈亦平,涂亮,等.异步联网后AGC超调引起频率波动的问题分析[J].广东电力,2017,30(5):81-86.XU Min,CHEN Yiping,TU Liang,et al.Analysis on frequency fluctuation caused by AGC overshoot after asynchronous interconnection[J].Guangdong Electric Power,2017,30(5):81-86.
[16] 高宗和.自动发电控制算法的几点改进[J].电力系统自动化,2001,25(22):49-51.GAO Zonghe.Some algorithmic improvements on AGC software[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2001,25(22):49-51.
[17] APOSTOLOPOULOU D,SAUER P W,DOMINGUEZ-GARCIA A D.Balancing authority area model and its application to the design of adaptive AGC systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2016,31(5):3756-3764.
[18] 汪德星,杨立兵.自动发电控制(AGC)技术在华东电力系统中的应用[J].华东电力,2005,33(1):23-27.WANG Dexing,YANG Libing.Application of AGC technology in East China Electric Power System[J].East China Electric Power,2005,33(1):23-27.
[19] 谈超,戴则梅,滕贤亮,等.北美频率控制性能标准发展分析及其对中国的启示[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(18):1-7.TAN Chao,DAI Zemei,TENG Xianliang,et al.Development of frequency control performance standard in North America and its enlightenment to China[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(18):1-7.
[20] 滕贤亮,高宗和,张小白,等.有功调度超前控制和在线水火电协调控制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2008,32(22):16-20.TENG Xianliang,GAO Zonghe,ZHANG Xiaobai,et al.Look-ahead control for active power dispatching system and online hydro-thermal coordinated control strategy[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2008,32(22):16-20.
[21] MONASTERIOS P R,TRODDEN P.Low-complexity distributed predictive automatic generation control with guaranteed properties[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2017,8(6):3045-3054.
[22] OPPENHEIM A V,WILLSKY A S,NAWAB S H.信号与系统[M].2版.北京:电子工业出版社,2013.OPPENHEIM A V,WILLSKY A S,NAWAB S H.Signals and systems[M].2nd ed.Beijing:Publishing House of Electronics Industry,2013.
[23] 宋新立,王成山,仲悟之,等.电力系统全过程动态仿真中的自动发电控制模型[J].电网技术,2013,37(12):3439-3444.SONG Xinli,WANG Chengshan,ZHONG Wuzhi,et al.Modeling of automatic generation control for power system transient,medium-term and long-term stabilities simulations[J].Power System Technology,2013,37(12):3439-3444.