基于碳足迹信息模型的产品低碳创新设计
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摘要
为进一步缓解全球气候变暖,从源头降低产品生命周期碳排放的低碳设计日益成为产品设计的重要方向。基于对产品低碳设计过程中决策信息的构成及对应设计策略的研究,构建了一种融合碳足迹的产品低碳设计信息模型,并在分析低碳设计决策信息内涵的基础上提出了一种基于产品结构树和详细设计参数的双重递进碳足迹根源特征定位方法。该方法基于定性/半定量矩阵的简约式生命周期评估(streamlined life cycle assessment,SLCA)法对碳排放关键结构单元进行初筛,并采用赋权关联图方法定位低碳设计的关键特征和设计参数。针对设计参数矛盾,利用TRIZ冲突解决理论进行求解从而实现低碳设计目标。以手持吸尘器作为低碳创新设计案例,对所提方法的可行性和有效性进行了验证。
Aiming at further alleviating global warming and reducing carbon emission in product life cycle from source,low-carbon design has increasingly becoming an important direction of product design.Based on exploring the composition of decision making information and corresponding choice of design strategy in low-carbon design process,a carbon emission integrated product low-carbon design information model was established.Based on the analysis of information connotation within low-carbon design decision making,a double progressive positioning method of carbon footprint source features which was based on product structural tree and detailed design parameters was proposed,in which streamlined life cycle assessment(SLCA) using qualitative/semi-quantitative matrix approach was used to preliminarily screen the key structural units with high emission,then the key design features and parameters were stepwisely positioned by weight assigned relation digraph.With regard to design parameters related conflicts,TRIZ conflict resolution theory was used.Finally,a handled vacuum cleaner was used as an example to prove the feasibility and effectiveness of the method.
Aiming at further alleviating global warming and reducing carbon emission in product life cycle from source,low-carbon design has increasingly becoming an important direction of product design.Based on exploring the composition of decision making information and corresponding choice of design strategy in low-carbon design process,a carbon emission integrated product low-carbon design information model was established.Based on the analysis of information connotation within low-carbon design decision making,a double progressive positioning method of carbon footprint source features which was based on product structural tree and detailed design parameters was proposed,in which streamlined life cycle assessment(SLCA) using qualitative/semi-quantitative matrix approach was used to preliminarily screen the key structural units with high emission,then the key design features and parameters were stepwisely positioned by weight assigned relation digraph.With regard to design parameters related conflicts,TRIZ conflict resolution theory was used.Finally,a handled vacuum cleaner was used as an example to prove the feasibility and effectiveness of the method.
引文
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[5]陈娟,李彦,李文强,等.基于碳足迹分布的机电产品创新设计方法[J].工程设计学报,2014,21(1):6-13.CHEN Juan,LI Yan,LI Wen-qiang,et al.Innovative design method of mechanical and electrical products based on the distribution of carbon footprint[J].Chinese Journal of Engineering Design,2014,21(1):6-13.
[6]周丹,刘光复,宋守许,等.基于设计元与公理设计理论的能量优化设计方法研究[J].机械工程学报,2013,49(11):114-120.ZHOU Dan,LIU Guang-fu,SONG Shou-xu,et al.The energy optimization design method based on design unit and axiomatic design theory[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2013,49(11):114-120.
[7]孙清超,魏静,孙伟,等.面向机械装备节能设计的能耗信息描述与集成[J].机械工程学报,2014,50(1):111-119.SUN Qing-chao,WEI Jing,SUN Wei,et al.Energy information description and integration of machinery equipment oriented to energy-saving design[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2014,50(1):111-119.
[8]曹华军,李洪丞,宋胜利,等.基于生命周期评价的机床生命周期碳排放评估方法及应用[J].计算机集成制造系统,2011,17(11):2432-2437.CAO Hua-jun,LI Hong-cheng,SONG Sheng-li,et al.Evaluation method and application for carbon emission of machine tool based on life cycle assessment[J].Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems,2011,17(11):2432-2437.
[9]孙良峰,裘乐淼,张树有,等.面向低碳化设计的复杂装备碳排放分层递阶模型[J].计算机集成制造系统,2012,18(11):2381-2390.SUN Liang-feng,QIU Le-miao,ZHANG Shu-you,et al.Carbon emission hierarchical model of complex equipment for low-carbon design[J].Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems,2012,18(11):2381-2390.
[10]GRAEDEL T E,ALLENBY B R,COMRIE P R.Matrix approaches to abridged life cycle assessment[J].Environment Science&Technology,1995,29(3):A134-A139.
[11]檀润华.发明问题解决理论[M].北京:科学出版社,2004:121-135.TAN Run-hua.Theory of inventive problem solving[M].Beijing:Science Press,2004:121-135.