产品装配过程碳排放解算
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摘要
对产品的碳排放进行解算,能够从一定程度上验证产品的环境友好性。针对产品装配过程碳排放难以量化分析这一问题,以典型联接特征为核心构建输入-处理-输出装配系统模型,在研究各典型联接类型装配能耗的基础上,提出一种针对产品装配过程的碳排放静态解算方法。以基本碳排放为度量,研究装配过程的辅助工艺及装配环境对碳排放解算的影响。以空调室外机为例,计算其内部各联接关系装配过程碳排放,并采用生命周期分析软件GaBi计算空调室外机生命周期碳排放。结果表明空调产品装配过程的碳排放占其产品整个生命周期碳排放的比例极小(实例中为0.010 08%),在对该类产品进行全生命周期碳排放解算中,是可以将装配过程忽略的。
Carbon emissions calculation can prove the environmental friendliness of product design to a certain degree. To solve the quantitative problem of carbon emissions, a model of input-process-output is established on the typical connections' characteristics.According to the study of typical connections' energy consumption, a static calculation method of carbon emissions is proposed for product assembly process. Then, assembly process' carbon emissions in auxiliary process are calculated by reference to the basic carbon emissions. Taking the air conditioner outdoor set as an example, carbon emissions of the internal connections are calculated,and the results are compared to the simulation results in GaBi, a software used for life cycle assessment. The results show that the carbon emissions in assembly process accounts for a small proportion of total carbon emissions in the whole product life cycle(0.010 08%). Therefore, when estimating the carbon emissions of the same kind of products, the assembling process can be ignored.
Carbon emissions calculation can prove the environmental friendliness of product design to a certain degree. To solve the quantitative problem of carbon emissions, a model of input-process-output is established on the typical connections' characteristics.According to the study of typical connections' energy consumption, a static calculation method of carbon emissions is proposed for product assembly process. Then, assembly process' carbon emissions in auxiliary process are calculated by reference to the basic carbon emissions. Taking the air conditioner outdoor set as an example, carbon emissions of the internal connections are calculated,and the results are compared to the simulation results in GaBi, a software used for life cycle assessment. The results show that the carbon emissions in assembly process accounts for a small proportion of total carbon emissions in the whole product life cycle(0.010 08%). Therefore, when estimating the carbon emissions of the same kind of products, the assembling process can be ignored.
引文
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[2]SAIDUR R,MASJUKI H H,JAMALUDDIN M Y,et al.Energy and associated greenhouse gas emissions from household appliances in Malaysia[J].Energy Policy,2007,35(3):1648-1657.
[3]孙良峰,裘乐淼,张树有,等.面向低碳化设计的复杂装备碳排放分层递阶模型[J].计算机集成制造系统,2012,11(18):2381-2390.SUN Liangfeng,QIU Lemiao,ZHANG Shuyou,et al.Carbon emission hierarchical model of complex equipment for low-carbon design[J].Computer IntegratedManufacturing Systems,2012,11(18):2381-2390.
[4]李聪波,崔龙国,刘飞,等.面向高效低碳的数控加工参数多目标优化模[J].机械工程学报,2013,49(9):87-96.LI Cunbo,CUI Longguo,LIU Fei,et al.Multi-objective NC machining parameters optimization model for high efficiency and low carbon[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2013,49(9):87-96.
[5]TOBY J,OKRASINSKI T A,SCHAEFFER W.Estimating the carbon footprint of telecommunications products:A heuristic approach[J].Journal of Mechanical Design,Transactions of the ASME,2010,132(9):0945021-0945024.
[6]尹久,曹华军,杜彦斌.基于扩展一阶混合Petri网的机械制造系统碳流动态建模方法[J].机械工程学报,2011,47(23):152-160.YIN Jiu,CAO Huajun,DU Yanbin.Dynamic modeling of carbon flow for mechanical manufacturing system based on extended first-order hybrid Petri nets[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2011,47(23):152-160.
[7]ZHANG X F,ZHANG S Y,HU Z Y,et al.Identification of connection units with high GHG emissions for low-carbon product structure design[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2012,27:118-125.
[8]HAAPALA K,SUTHERLAND J,RIVERA J.Reducing environmental impacts of steel product manufacturing[J].Transactions of NAMRI/SME,2009,37:419-426.
[9]曹华军,李洪丞,宋胜利,等.基于生命周期评价的机床生命周期碳排放评估方法及应用[J].计算机集成制造系统,2011,17(11):2432-2437.CAO Huajun,LI Hongcheng,SONG Shengli,et al.Evaluation method and application for carbon emissions of machine tool based on life cycle assessment[J].Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems,2011,17(11):2432-2437.
[10]王先逵.机械装配工艺[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2008.WANG Xiankui.Mechanical processing handbook[M].Beijing:China Machine Press,2008.
[11]王启义.机械设计基础[M].南昌:江西科学技术出版社,2002.WANG Qiyi.Fundamentals of mechanical design[M].Nanchang:Jiangxi Science and Technology Press,2002.
[12]罗毅,曹华军,李洪丞,等.基于GRNN网络的CO2气体保护焊工艺碳排放建模与参数优化[J].中国机械工程,2013,24(17):2398-2402.LUO YI,CAO Huajun,LI Hongcheng,et al.Carbon emission model and parameter optimization of CO2shielded welding based on GRNN[J].China Mechanical Engineering,2013,24(17):2398-2402
[13]刘光复,刘志峰,李钢.绿色设计与绿色制造[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1999.LIU Guangfu,LIU Zhifeng,LI Gang.Green design and manufacturing[M].Beijing:China Machine Press,1999.
[14]李凤山,朱川,曹磊,等.行业碳排放计算方法与低碳运行模式研究[J].煤质技术,2013(6):64-68.LI Fengxian,ZHU Chuan,CAO Lei,et al.Research on the calculation method of carbon emissions of coal industry and low carbon operation mode[J].Coal Quality Technology,2013(6):64-68.
[15]国家发展改革委应对气候变化司.2012中国区域电网基准线排放因子[EB/OL].[2014-06-05].http://cdm.ccchina.gov.cn/Web Site/CDM/Up File/File2975.pdf.Climate Change Department of National Development and Reform Commission.Reports on emission factors of china’s regional power network(2012)[EB/OL].[2014-06-05].http://cdm.ccchina.gov.cn/Web Site/CDM/Up File/File2975.pdf
[16]鲍宏,刘光复,王吉凯.面向低碳设计的产品多层次碳足迹分析方法[J].计算机集成制造系统,2013,19(1):21-28.BAO Hong,LIU Guangfu,WANG Jikai.Product multi-hierarchy carbon footprint analysis method oriented to low-carbon design[J].Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems,2013,19(1):21-28.
[17]刘志峰.绿色产品综合评价及模糊物元分析方法研究[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2004.LIU Zhifeng.Integrated assessment of green product and research on analysis method of fuzzy-matter element[D].Hefei:Hefei University of Technology,2004.
[18]闻邦椿.机械设计手册[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2010.WEN Bangchun.Mechanical design handbook[M].Beijing:China Machine Press,2010.