基于2.73μm分布反馈式激光器同时在线测量呼出气体中的CO_2和水汽
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摘要
人体呼出气体中CO2和水汽的浓度变化与身体状况密切相关,因此对其浓度进行检测具有重要意义。提出一种基于2.73μm分布反馈式激光器的呼出气体检测装置,选取3659.402cm-1和3659.934cm-1处的谱线,利用波长调制光谱技术分别对人体呼出气体中的CO2和水汽同时进行测量。结果表明:利用二次谐波信号对气体浓度进行定标,当CO2和水汽的体积分数分别小于35%和2.3%时,线性度分别达到0.99945和0.99679;对呼吸循环过程中CO2和水汽的浓度进行实时测量,积分时间为0.92s时,探测灵敏度分别为4.33×10-3和1.37×10-4;在采集时间为56.8s时,CO2的探测精度为0.12%,在最佳积分时间为17min时,CO2的探测极限可达到1.49×10-4。
The concentration changes of exhaled carbon dioxide and water vapor are closely related to the physical condition.Therefore,it is of great significance to detect their concentrations.An exhaled gas detection device based on a 2.73μm distributed feedback laser is proposed.Spectral lines at 3659.402cm-1 and 3659.934cm-1 are selected to measure carbon dioxide and water vapor respectively by using the wavelength modulation spectroscopy.The results show that using the second harmonic signal to calibrate the gas concentration,the linearity of 0.99945 and 0.99679 is obtained when the volume fractions of carbon dioxide and water vapor are less than 35% and 2.3%,respectively.The concentrations of carbon dioxide and water vapor during the respiratory cycle are measured in real time.With the measurement time of 0.92 s,the sensor achieves a detection sensitivity of 4.33×10-3 and 1.37×10-4for carbon dioxide and water vapor,respectively.At the acquisition time of 56.8s,the detection accuracy with 0.12% of carbon dioxide is achieved,and a detection limit of 1.49×10-4 at the optimal integration time of 17 min is achieved for carbon dioxide measurement.
The concentration changes of exhaled carbon dioxide and water vapor are closely related to the physical condition.Therefore,it is of great significance to detect their concentrations.An exhaled gas detection device based on a 2.73μm distributed feedback laser is proposed.Spectral lines at 3659.402cm-1 and 3659.934cm-1 are selected to measure carbon dioxide and water vapor respectively by using the wavelength modulation spectroscopy.The results show that using the second harmonic signal to calibrate the gas concentration,the linearity of 0.99945 and 0.99679 is obtained when the volume fractions of carbon dioxide and water vapor are less than 35% and 2.3%,respectively.The concentrations of carbon dioxide and water vapor during the respiratory cycle are measured in real time.With the measurement time of 0.92 s,the sensor achieves a detection sensitivity of 4.33×10-3 and 1.37×10-4for carbon dioxide and water vapor,respectively.At the acquisition time of 56.8s,the detection accuracy with 0.12% of carbon dioxide is achieved,and a detection limit of 1.49×10-4 at the optimal integration time of 17 min is achieved for carbon dioxide measurement.
引文
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[27] Werle P, Mücke R,Slemr F.The limits of signal averaging in atmospheric trace-gas monitoring by tunable diode-laser absorption spectroscopy(TDLAS)[J].Applied Physics B,1993,57(2):131-139.
[2] Stacewicz T,Bielecki Z,Wojtas J,et al.Detection of disease markers in human breath with laser absorption spectroscopy[J].Opto-Electronics Review, 2016,24(2):82-94.
[3] Wang C J,Sahay P.Breath analysis using laser spectroscopic techniques:breath biomarkers,spectral fingerprints,and detection limits[J].Sensors,2009,9(10):8230-8262.
[4] Jiang C Y,Sun M X,Li Y X,et al.Breath analysis using laser spectroscopy techniques:development and future[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2018,45(2):0207015.姜琛昱,孙美秀,李迎新,等.激光光谱技术在呼出气体分析中的发展与未来[J].中国激光,2018,45(2):0207015.
[5] Risby T H,Solga S F.Current status of clinical breath analysis[J]. Applied Physics B, 2006,85(2/3):421-426.
[6] Koletzko B,Sauerwald T,Demmelmair H.Safety of stable isotope use[J].European Journal of Pediatrics,1997,156(S1):S12-S17.
[7] Smith D,panel P.On-line determination of the deuterium abundance in breath water vapour by flowing afterglow mass spectrometry with applications to measurements oftotalbodywater[J]. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 2001,15(1):25-32.
[8] Vogt J A,Nahoussi N,Fabinski W,et al.Optimised NDIR technology for 13 CO2 breath tests of i.e.drug/drug-interactions or gastric emptying for intensive care patients:new diagnostic opportunities[C]∥D9ssel O,Schlegel W C.Proceedings of World Congress on MedicalPhysicsandBiomedicalEngineering,September 7-12,2009,Munich,Germany.Heidelberg:Springer,2009:851-854.
[9] Namjou K, Roller C B, Reich T E,et al.Determination of exhaled nitric oxide distributions in a diverse sample population using tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy[J]. Applied Physics B,2006,85(2/3):427-435.
[10] Vincent T A,Urasinska-Wojcik B,Gardner J W.Development of a low-cost NDIR system for ppm detection of carbon dioxide in exhaled breath analysis[J].Procedia Engineering,2015,120:388-391.
[11] Gao Y W,Zhang Y J,Chen D,et al.Measurement of oxygen concentration using tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy[J].Acta Optica Sinica,2016,36(3):0330001.高彦伟,张玉钧,陈东,等.基于可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱的氧气浓度测量研究[J].光学学报,2016,36(3):0330001.
[12] Liu X C,Zhang G Y, Huang Y,et al.Twodimensional temperature and carbon dioxide concentration profiles in atmospheric laminar diffusion flames measured by mid-infrared direct absorption spectroscopy at4.2μm[J].Applied Physics B,2018,124(4):61.
[13] Patterson C S,McMillan L C,Longbottom C,et al.Portable optical spectroscopy for accurate analysis of ethane in exhaled breath[J].Measurement Science and Technology,2007,18(5):1459-1464.
[14] Roller C,Namjou K,Jeffers J,et al.Simultaneous NO and CO2 measurement in human breath with a single IV-VI mid-infrared laser[J].Optics Letters,2002,27(2):107-109.
[15] Hartmann A,Strzoda R,Schrobenhauser R,et al.CO2 sensor for mainstream capnography based on TDLAS[J].Applied Physics B,2014,116(4):1023-1026.
[16] Hartmann A,Strzoda R,Schrobenhauser R,et al.Ultra-compact TDLAS humidity measurement cell with advanced signal processing[J].Applied Physics B,2014,115(2):263-268.
[17] Xiong B,Du Z H,Liu L,et al.Hollow-waveguidebased carbon dioxide sensor for capnography[J].Chinese Optics Letters,2015,13(11):111201.
[18] TütüncüE,Kokoric V,Wilk A,et al.Fiber-coupled substrate-integratedhollowwaveguides:an innovative approach to mid-infrared remote gas sensors[J].ACS Sensors,2017,2(9):1287-1293.
[19] Weidmann D,Kosterev A A,Tittel F K,et al.Application of a widely electrically tunable diode laser to chemical gas sensing with quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy[J].Optics Letters,2004,29(16):1837-1839.
[20] Bartlome R,Sigrist M W.Laser-based human breath1230001-7analysis:D/H isotope ratio increase following heavy water intake[J].Optics Letters,2009,34(7):866-868.
[21] Stamyr K,Vaittinen O,Jaakola J,et al.Background levels of hydrogen cyanide in human breath measured by infrared cavity ring down spectroscopy[J].Biomarkers,2009,14(5):285-291.
[22] Reid J,Labrie D.Second-harmonic detection with tunable diode lasers—comparison of experiment and theory[J].Applied Physics B,1981,26(3):203-210.
[23] Sun K, Chao X, Sur R,et al. Wavelength modulation diode laser absorption spectroscopy for high-pressure gas sensing[J].Applied Physics B,2013,110(4):497-508.
[24] Li H J,Rieker G B,Liu X,et al.Extension of wavelength-modulation spectroscopy to large modulation depth for diode laser absorption measurements in highpressure gases[J].Applied Optics,2006,45(5):1052-1061.
[25] Gordon I E,Rothman L S,Hill C,et al.The HITRAN2016molecular spectroscopic database[J].Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer,2017,203:3-69.
[26] Zhou C,Liu N W,He T B,et al.Application of wavelet threshold denoising technique in expired gas analysis based on laser spectroscopy[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2017,44(11):1111003.周超,刘宁武,何天博,等.小波阈值去噪技术在呼出气体激光光谱诊断中的应用研究[J].中国激光,2017,44(11):1111003.
[27] Werle P, Mücke R,Slemr F.The limits of signal averaging in atmospheric trace-gas monitoring by tunable diode-laser absorption spectroscopy(TDLAS)[J].Applied Physics B,1993,57(2):131-139.