一种针对气枪记录的三阶段初至震相拾取方案
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摘要
针对气枪震源数据信噪比较低和自动拾取初至效果较差的问题,通过引入地震勘探方法来进行初至震相拾取。首先压制噪声;然后利用传统的勘探方法,进行特征曲线计算;最后结合保边平滑方法,确定初至时间的三阶段方案,降低自动拾取方法对数据信噪比要求。在此基础上,根据实际数据特点,设计自动拾取流程,并用此流程对长江安徽段的主动源数据进行自动拾取。与传统方法相比,所提方法对数据信噪比要求更低,可为后续处理提供更多可用资料。
The routinely picked results of first arrival of air-gun source data is poor, mainly because of its low signal-to-noise ratio(SNR). The anthors introduce the seismic exploration methods to pick the first-arrival and proposes a scheme for picking first-arrival in three stages to reduce the dependence on data's SNR. Firstly, the noise was depressed. And then, the traditional exploration method was used to calculate the characteristic curve. Finally, the first-arrival was determined by combining the edge-preserving smoothing method. On this basis, according to the characteristics of practical data, the authors design an automatic pick-up process, which is used to pick up the first arrival of practical data. Compared with the traditional method, this method requires less SNR for the data and provides more available materials for subsequent processing and analysis.
The routinely picked results of first arrival of air-gun source data is poor, mainly because of its low signal-to-noise ratio(SNR). The anthors introduce the seismic exploration methods to pick the first-arrival and proposes a scheme for picking first-arrival in three stages to reduce the dependence on data's SNR. Firstly, the noise was depressed. And then, the traditional exploration method was used to calculate the characteristic curve. Finally, the first-arrival was determined by combining the edge-preserving smoothing method. On this basis, according to the characteristics of practical data, the authors design an automatic pick-up process, which is used to pick up the first arrival of practical data. Compared with the traditional method, this method requires less SNR for the data and provides more available materials for subsequent processing and analysis.
引文
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[3]Calvert A J.Seismic reflection imaging of two megathrust shear zones in the northern Cascadia subduction zone.Nature,2004,428:163?167
[4]陈颙,王宝善,葛洪魁,等.建立地震发射台的建议.地球科学进展,2007,22(5):441?446
[5]林彬华,金星,李军,等.台网噪声评估及其对气枪震源激发效果影响的研究.地震学报,2017,39(3):330?342
[6]胡景,钱佳威,郭浩,等.基于长江安徽段气枪主动源实验庐江台阵的台站对双差地震速度成像.中国地震,2016,32(2):343?355
[7]徐逸鹤,王宝善,王伟涛.利用固定台站分析长江激发气枪信号特征.中国地震,2016,32(2):282?294
[8]何先龙,佘天莉,高峰.一种地震P波和S波初至时间自动拾取的新方法.地球物理学报,2016,59(7):2519?2527
[9]Peraldi R,Clement A.Digital processing of refraction data study of first arrivals.Geophysical Prospecting,1972,20(3):529?548
[10]Stevenson P R.Microearthquakes at Flathead lake,Montana:a study using automatic earthquake processing.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1976,66(1):61?80
[11]Liu H,Zhang J Z.STA/LTA algorithm analysis and improvement of Microseismic signal automatic detection.Progress in Geophysics,2014,29(4):1708?1714
[12]Coppens F.First arrival picking on common-offset trace collections for automatic estimation of static corrections.Geophysical Prospecting,1985,33(8):1212?1231
[13]左国平,王彦春,隋荣亮.利用能量比法拾取地震初至的一种改进方法.石油物探,2004,43(4):345?347
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[15]Sabbione J I,Velis D.Automatic first-breaks picking:new strategies and algorithms.Geophysics,2010,75(4):67?76
[16]赵明辉,丘学林,夏少红,等.大容量气枪震源及其波形特征.地球物理学报,2008,51(2):558?565
[17]Chen J,Kang X,Liu Y,et al.Median filtering forensics based on convolutional neural networks.IEEESignal Processing Letters,2015,22(11):1849?1853
[18]李晓豁,何洋,焦丽,等.基于参数识别的截割头纵向随机振动响应优化.中国机械工程,2015,26(6):818?824
[19]曾祥堃,乔宝平,刘依谋,等.基于小波变换的自适应面波压制方法.北京大学学报(自然科学版),2015,51(5):837?842
[20]Daubechies I,Chui C K.Functional analysis.Science,1992,257:821?822
[21]Denis A,Crémoux F.Using the entropy of curves to segment a time or spatial series.Mathematical Geology,2002,34(8):899?914
[22]Mandelbrot B B,Wheeler J A.The fractal geometry of nature.Journal of the Royal Statistical Society,1983,147(4):468
[23]Boschetti F.A fractal-based algorithm for detecting first arrivals on seismic traces.Geophysics,1996,61(4):1095?1102
[24]Yung S K,Ikelle L T.An example of seismic time picking by third-order bicoherence.Geophysics,1997,62(6):1947?1952
[25]Jiao L,Moon W M.Detection of seismic refraction signals using a variance fractal dimension technique.Geophysics,2000,65(1):286?292
[26]Vaezi Y,Baan M V D.Comparison of the STA/LTAand power spectral density methods for microseismic event detection.Geophysical Journal International,2015,203(3):1896?1908
[27]Yilmaz?,Doherty S M.Seismic data analysis:processing,inversion,and interpretation of seismic data.Tulsa:Society of Exploration Geophysicists,2001