AM真菌对煤矿沉陷区不同复合基质上紫花苜蓿生长和生理特性的影响
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摘要
该研究采用盆栽试验法,以紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)为材料,将煤矸石(CG)、粉煤灰(FA)和沙土(SS)按不同质量配比设置T1(CG∶FA∶SS=75%∶25%∶0%)、T2(CG∶FA∶SS=60%∶25%∶15%)、T3(CG∶FA∶SS=45%∶25%∶30%)、T4(CG∶FA∶SS=30%∶25%∶45%)四组混合基质以模拟,并以T5(CG∶FA∶SS=0%∶0%∶100%)为对照,AM真菌选用摩西斗管囊霉(F.m)和幼套近明球囊霉(C.e),通过单接菌和混合接菌,探索其对紫花苜蓿根系的侵染率、幼苗生长、抗氧化物酶活性和渗透调节物质变化的影响。结果表明:(1)在五组基质上,接种AM真菌显著提高了紫花苜蓿根系的菌根侵染率和菌根依赖性,且基质T4接种F.m+C.e[F.m∶C.e=1∶1(W/W)]的值最大(64.31%和86.24%)。(2)接种AM真菌不同程度提高了紫花苜蓿株高、基径、叶面积和生物量,且混合接菌的效果优于单接菌。(3)基质中填加过量煤矿废弃物抑制了植株根系的生长,接种AM真菌后显著提高了紫花苜蓿总根长、根表面积、根体积,降低了根平均直径。(4)不同接菌处理的紫花苜蓿叶片POD、SOD、CAT活性以及可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量总体表现为F.m+C.e>C.e>F.m>non-AMF,且接种F.m+C.e的增长幅度最大。研究表明煤矿废弃物复合逆境抑制紫花苜蓿的生长,接种AM真菌显著提高了幼苗生长、抗氧化物酶活性和渗透调节物质,提高了植物抗逆性能,且以基质T4接种F.m+C.e的效果最佳。
To improve the growth and survival race of plants in coal mine waste,potting experiment in greenhouse was carried out to explore the effects of single and mixed inoculation with AM fungi( Funneliformis mosseae,F.m and Claroideoglomus etunicatum,C.e) on the mycorrhizal colonization rate,seedling growth,antioxidant enzyme activity and osmotic adjustment substances of Medicago sativa in different compound substrates. The compound substrates were formed by mixing coal gangue( CG),fly ash( FA) and sandy soil( SS) mixed in different proportions T1( CG ∶ FA ∶ SS =75% ∶ 25% ∶ 0%),T2( CG ∶ FA ∶ SS = 60% ∶ 25% ∶ 15%),T3( CG ∶ FA ∶ SS = 45% ∶ 25% ∶ 30%),T4( CG ∶FA ∶ SS = 30% ∶ 25% ∶ 45%) and T5( CG ∶ FA ∶ SS = 0% ∶ 0% ∶ 100%) was taken as control. The results were as follows:( 1) Inoculation of AM fungi significantly increased the mycorrhizal colonization rate and mycorrhizal dependency of M. sativa's root in five different compound substrates. However,the maximum mycorrhizal colonization rate and mycorrhizal dependency after inoculation of F.m+C.e [F.m ∶ C.e = 1 ∶ 1( W/W) ]( 64.31% and 86.24%) occurred in T4 substrate.( 2) Inoculation with AM fungi increased height,stem diameter,leaf area and biomass of M. sativa to some degrees,and the effects of mixed inoculation were better than that of single inoculation.( 3) Growth of plant roots were inhibited by excessively adding coal mine solid waste. However,inoculation of AM fungi could significantly promote total length,surface area and volume of root,and decreased root average diameter.( 4) Comparative effects of different inoculation treatments on POD activity,SOD activity,CAT activity,soluble sugar content and soluble protein content of M. sativa leaves with were F.m + C.e > C.e > F.m>non-AMF,and the optimal effect was showed in inoculated with F.m + C.e. Our results suggested that growth of M. sativa was realistically inhibited in coal mine waste. However,AM fungi significantly enhanced resistance to stress by improved seedling growth,antioxidant enzyme activity,and osmotic adjustment substances,especially the combination of F.m+C.e and compound substrate T4 was the best.
To improve the growth and survival race of plants in coal mine waste,potting experiment in greenhouse was carried out to explore the effects of single and mixed inoculation with AM fungi( Funneliformis mosseae,F.m and Claroideoglomus etunicatum,C.e) on the mycorrhizal colonization rate,seedling growth,antioxidant enzyme activity and osmotic adjustment substances of Medicago sativa in different compound substrates. The compound substrates were formed by mixing coal gangue( CG),fly ash( FA) and sandy soil( SS) mixed in different proportions T1( CG ∶ FA ∶ SS =75% ∶ 25% ∶ 0%),T2( CG ∶ FA ∶ SS = 60% ∶ 25% ∶ 15%),T3( CG ∶ FA ∶ SS = 45% ∶ 25% ∶ 30%),T4( CG ∶FA ∶ SS = 30% ∶ 25% ∶ 45%) and T5( CG ∶ FA ∶ SS = 0% ∶ 0% ∶ 100%) was taken as control. The results were as follows:( 1) Inoculation of AM fungi significantly increased the mycorrhizal colonization rate and mycorrhizal dependency of M. sativa's root in five different compound substrates. However,the maximum mycorrhizal colonization rate and mycorrhizal dependency after inoculation of F.m+C.e [F.m ∶ C.e = 1 ∶ 1( W/W) ]( 64.31% and 86.24%) occurred in T4 substrate.( 2) Inoculation with AM fungi increased height,stem diameter,leaf area and biomass of M. sativa to some degrees,and the effects of mixed inoculation were better than that of single inoculation.( 3) Growth of plant roots were inhibited by excessively adding coal mine solid waste. However,inoculation of AM fungi could significantly promote total length,surface area and volume of root,and decreased root average diameter.( 4) Comparative effects of different inoculation treatments on POD activity,SOD activity,CAT activity,soluble sugar content and soluble protein content of M. sativa leaves with were F.m + C.e > C.e > F.m>non-AMF,and the optimal effect was showed in inoculated with F.m + C.e. Our results suggested that growth of M. sativa was realistically inhibited in coal mine waste. However,AM fungi significantly enhanced resistance to stress by improved seedling growth,antioxidant enzyme activity,and osmotic adjustment substances,especially the combination of F.m+C.e and compound substrate T4 was the best.
引文
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BI YL,WANG J,FENG YB,2014.Effect of arbuscular mycorrhiza on rootself-repairing action of Amorpha fruticosa[J].JChin Coal Soc,39(8):1758-1764.[毕银丽,王瑾,冯颜博,2014.接种丛枝菌根真菌对干旱区采煤沉陷地紫穗槐根系修复的影响[J].煤炭学报,39(8):1758-1764.]
BI YL,WU FY,LIU BH,2005.Preliminary study on ecological adaptability of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in coal solid wastes[J].Mycosystema,24(4):570-575.[毕银丽,吴福勇,柳博会,2005.AM真菌在煤矿废弃物中生态适应性的初步研究[J].菌物学报,24(4):570-575.]
CHENG L,BOOKER FL,BOOKER TC,et al.,2012.Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi increase organic carbon decomposition under evevated CO2[J].Science,337(6098):1084-1087.
ENKHTUYA B,POSCHL M,VOSATKA M,2005.Native grass facilitates mycorrhizal colonisation and P uptake of tree seedlings in two anthropogenic substrates[J].Water Air Soil Poll,166(14):217-236.
FAN JH,LI GL,GAO Q,2011.Effects of different substrate with different arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the infection and growth to Amur cork tree[J].N Hortic,2(2):1-5.[范继红,李桂伶,高琼,2011.不同基质接种不同丛枝菌根真菌对黄檗幼苗侵染及生长的影响[J].北方园艺,2(2):1-5.]
GUO W,ZHAO R,FU R,et al.,2014.Contribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to the development of maize(Zea mays L.)grown in three types of coal mine spoils[J].Environ Sci Poll Res,21(5):3592-3603.
GAO JF,2006.Experimental guidance of plant physiology[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press:211-218.[高俊凤,2006.植物生理学试验指导[M].北京:高等教育出版社:211-218.]
GAO YL,LI JM,YAN M,2016.Effects of AMF inoculation the roots growth and antioxidant enzyme activity of Sorghum bicolor×S.sudanense in solid wastes[J].Jiangsu J Agric Sci,44(12):452-456.[高雁琳,李钧敏,闫明,2016.接种AMF对煤矿废弃物上高丹草根系生长及抗氧化酶系统的影响[J].江苏农业科学,44(12):452-456.]
GUO SX,CHEN DM,LIU RJ,2010.Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on antioxidant enzyme activity in peony seedlings under salt stress[J].Acta Hortic Sin,37(11):1796-1802.[郭绍霞,陈丹明,刘润进,2010.盐水胁迫下接种AM真菌对牡丹幼苗抗氧化酶活性的影响[J].园艺学报,37(11):1796-1802.]
HE XL,CHEN C,HE B,2011.Spatial distribution of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi and glomalin of Hippopae rhamnoides L.in farming-pastoral zone from the two northern provinces of China[J].Acta Ecol Sin,31(6):1653-1661.[贺学礼,陈程,何博,2011.北方两省农牧交错带沙棘根围AM真菌与球囊霉素空间分布[J].生态学报,31(6):1653-1661.]
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