PDC钻头扭转振动减振工具设计及现场应用
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摘要
针对PDC钻头的扭转振动,设计了PDC钻头扭转振动减振工具。为了科学指导该工具的设计及使用,建立了工具的工作原理模型,对其减振机理进行了分析;基于PDC钻头处扭矩和钻压之间的关系,建立了减振工具螺旋导轨最佳螺旋角的计算模型,根据该模型优选了工具的螺旋角,并通过现场试验验证了该工具的减振及提速效果。理论分析表明:减振工具能通过螺旋导轨及碟簧机构自动调节钻压和PDC钻头的转速,抑制PDC钻头的扭转振动,并将一部分振动载荷转换为用于破岩的切削扭矩,提高机械钻速;减振工具的最佳螺旋角度与钻柱系统轴向刚度、钻头直径、岩石硬度成正比,与钻柱系统扭转刚度及PDC钻头后倾角的角度成反比。现场试验结果表明:试验过程中,PDC钻头未出现崩齿破坏;与邻井同层位相比,采用扭转振动减振工具后平均机械钻速提高了33. 44%。扭转振动减振工具能有效抑制PDC钻头的扭转振动并起到提速效果,可推广应用。
A damper was designed to reduce the torsional vibration of PDC bit. In order to provide scientific guidance to the damper design and application,the working principle model was established to analyze its damping mechanism. The optimal helix angle calculation model for the damper helical guideway was established according to the relationship between PDC bit torque and bit pressure. The damper helix angle was optimized by using this model. Field test was complete to verify the vibration damping and ROP( rate of penetration) enhancement. Theoretical analysis indicates that the PDC bit pressure and rotation rate can be automatically adjusted through the spiral guide and the disc spring of this damper. The torsional vibration of PDC bit was suppressed and a part of vibration load was converted into a cutting torque for rock breaking to increase ROP. The optimal damper helix angle is positively proportional to the axial stiffness and bit diameter of drilling string system and rock hardness. The optimal damper helix angle is inversely proportional to the torsional stiffness of drilling string system and the rake angle of PDC bit.Field test indicates no chipping damage of PDC bit during the test. Comparing with the ROP of adjacent well,the average ROP with this vibration damper had been increased by 33.44%. This torsional vibration damper can effectively suppress the torsional vibration of PDC bit,which is worthy of popularization and application.
A damper was designed to reduce the torsional vibration of PDC bit. In order to provide scientific guidance to the damper design and application,the working principle model was established to analyze its damping mechanism. The optimal helix angle calculation model for the damper helical guideway was established according to the relationship between PDC bit torque and bit pressure. The damper helix angle was optimized by using this model. Field test was complete to verify the vibration damping and ROP( rate of penetration) enhancement. Theoretical analysis indicates that the PDC bit pressure and rotation rate can be automatically adjusted through the spiral guide and the disc spring of this damper. The torsional vibration of PDC bit was suppressed and a part of vibration load was converted into a cutting torque for rock breaking to increase ROP. The optimal damper helix angle is positively proportional to the axial stiffness and bit diameter of drilling string system and rock hardness. The optimal damper helix angle is inversely proportional to the torsional stiffness of drilling string system and the rake angle of PDC bit.Field test indicates no chipping damage of PDC bit during the test. Comparing with the ROP of adjacent well,the average ROP with this vibration damper had been increased by 33.44%. This torsional vibration damper can effectively suppress the torsional vibration of PDC bit,which is worthy of popularization and application.
引文
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[2]LEDGERWOOD L W,JAYESH R J.Downhole vibration measurement,monitoring and modeling reveal stick-slip as a primary cause of bit damage in today’s applications[C].SPE134488,2010:11-16.
[3]贾红军,王攀,冯伟雄,等.深井硬岩地层钻井高频低幅扭转振荡耦合冲击器研制与应用[J].特种油气藏,2018,25(4):158-163.
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[5]JANSEN J D,STEEN L V D.Active damping of self-excited torsional vibration vibrations in oilwell drillstrings[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,1995,179(4):647-668.
[6]李玮,李卓伦,刘伟卿,等.扭转冲击提速工具在文安区块的现场应用[J].特种油气藏,2016,23(4):144-146.
[7]祝效华,汤历平,童华.高频扭转冲击钻进的减振与提速机理研究[J].振动与冲击,2012,31(20):75-78.
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[9]周祥林,张金成,张东清.Tork Buster扭力冲击器在元坝地区的试验应用[J].钻采工艺,2012,35(2):15-17.
[10]张海山,葛俊瑞,杨进,等.扭力冲击器在海上深部地层的提速效果评价[J].断块油气田,2014,21(2):249-251.
[11]张辉.PDC钻头恒扭矩工具在XING101井的应用[J].石油机械,2015,43(12):15-18.
[12]彭明旺,白彬珍,王轲,等.随钻恒扭器在TH121125井的试验[J].石油钻探技术,2014,42(6):120-123.
[13]DAGESTAD V,MYKKELTVEDT M,EIGE K.First field results for extended-reach CT-drilling Tool[C].SPE/ICo TA 100108,2006:1-6.
[14]查春青,柳贡慧,李军,等.PDC钻头扭转振动特性分析及减振工具设计[J].石油机械,2017,45(3):1-5.
[15]CALAYTON R,MATTHEWS O.Influence of bit-rock interaction on stick-slip vibrations of PDC bits[C].SPE77616,2002:1-12.
[16]SUNIT K G,PANKAJ Wahi.Bifurcations in the axialtorsional state-dependent delay model of rotary drilling[J].International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics,2018,99:13-30.
[17]ULF J F A,NATHAN V D W.Dynamics of a distributed drill string system:characteristic parameters and stability maps[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2018,417:376-412.
[18]BAKHTIARI-NEJAD F,HOSSEINZSDEH A.Nonlinear dynamic stability analysis of the coupled axial-torsional motion of the rotary drilling considering the effect of axial rigid-body dynamics[J].International Journal of NonLinear Mechanics,2017,88:85-96.
[19]MEJBAHUL Sarker,GEOFF D R,STEPHEN D Butt.Dynamic model for 3D motions of a horizontal oilwell BHA with wellbore stick-slip whirl interaction[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2017,157:482-506.
[20]THOMAS Richard,CHRISTOPHE Germay,EMMANUELDdtournay.A simplified model to explore the root cause of stick-slip vibrations in drilling systems with drag bits[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2007,305:432-456.
[2]LEDGERWOOD L W,JAYESH R J.Downhole vibration measurement,monitoring and modeling reveal stick-slip as a primary cause of bit damage in today’s applications[C].SPE134488,2010:11-16.
[3]贾红军,王攀,冯伟雄,等.深井硬岩地层钻井高频低幅扭转振荡耦合冲击器研制与应用[J].特种油气藏,2018,25(4):158-163.
[4]ANIL Jaggi,SUNIL Upadhaya,ASHABIKASH Roy Chowdhury.Successful PDC/RSS vibration management using innovative depth-of-cut control technology:panna field,offshore india[C].SPE104388,2007:1-14.
[5]JANSEN J D,STEEN L V D.Active damping of self-excited torsional vibration vibrations in oilwell drillstrings[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,1995,179(4):647-668.
[6]李玮,李卓伦,刘伟卿,等.扭转冲击提速工具在文安区块的现场应用[J].特种油气藏,2016,23(4):144-146.
[7]祝效华,汤历平,童华.高频扭转冲击钻进的减振与提速机理研究[J].振动与冲击,2012,31(20):75-78.
[8]吕晓平,李国兴,王震宇,等.扭力冲击器在鸭深1井志留系地层的试验应用[J].石油钻采工艺,2012,34(2):99-101.
[9]周祥林,张金成,张东清.Tork Buster扭力冲击器在元坝地区的试验应用[J].钻采工艺,2012,35(2):15-17.
[10]张海山,葛俊瑞,杨进,等.扭力冲击器在海上深部地层的提速效果评价[J].断块油气田,2014,21(2):249-251.
[11]张辉.PDC钻头恒扭矩工具在XING101井的应用[J].石油机械,2015,43(12):15-18.
[12]彭明旺,白彬珍,王轲,等.随钻恒扭器在TH121125井的试验[J].石油钻探技术,2014,42(6):120-123.
[13]DAGESTAD V,MYKKELTVEDT M,EIGE K.First field results for extended-reach CT-drilling Tool[C].SPE/ICo TA 100108,2006:1-6.
[14]查春青,柳贡慧,李军,等.PDC钻头扭转振动特性分析及减振工具设计[J].石油机械,2017,45(3):1-5.
[15]CALAYTON R,MATTHEWS O.Influence of bit-rock interaction on stick-slip vibrations of PDC bits[C].SPE77616,2002:1-12.
[16]SUNIT K G,PANKAJ Wahi.Bifurcations in the axialtorsional state-dependent delay model of rotary drilling[J].International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics,2018,99:13-30.
[17]ULF J F A,NATHAN V D W.Dynamics of a distributed drill string system:characteristic parameters and stability maps[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2018,417:376-412.
[18]BAKHTIARI-NEJAD F,HOSSEINZSDEH A.Nonlinear dynamic stability analysis of the coupled axial-torsional motion of the rotary drilling considering the effect of axial rigid-body dynamics[J].International Journal of NonLinear Mechanics,2017,88:85-96.
[19]MEJBAHUL Sarker,GEOFF D R,STEPHEN D Butt.Dynamic model for 3D motions of a horizontal oilwell BHA with wellbore stick-slip whirl interaction[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2017,157:482-506.
[20]THOMAS Richard,CHRISTOPHE Germay,EMMANUELDdtournay.A simplified model to explore the root cause of stick-slip vibrations in drilling systems with drag bits[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2007,305:432-456.