由两种不同功能单体制备的油井水泥胶乳性能评价
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摘要
固井工程是石油或天然气开采过程中一个很重要的环节,其成功与否关系着油气开采能否顺利进行.随着固井技术的发展,对固井水泥的性能要求越来越高,为了改善其性能,需要加入一些外加剂,如胶乳、降失水剂、缓凝剂和分散剂等.为了解决传统丁苯胶乳分散性差、流动性差和不耐高温等问题,本文采用种子乳液聚合的方式,选用两种不同的功能单体苯乙烯磺酸钠(SSS)、2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS),与苯乙烯、液体聚丁二烯进行共聚,制得了两种具有抗温抗盐性的功能性胶乳,使用了傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、纳米粒度分析仪、热重分析仪(TG)和场发射透射电子显微镜(TEM)对两种胶乳进行了表征,并对由两种胶乳改性的水泥的性能进行了水泥浆流动度、水泥石抗折抗压强度等测试.水泥浆流动度测试结果表明两种胶乳的分散性能良好,水泥浆流动性能好;热失重测试表明两种胶乳能承受400℃高温.同时通过水泥水化热测定对由胶乳改性的水泥水化过程进行了探究,证明了其优良的分散性及力学性能是由于胶乳分子上的负电荷对水化产物中所包含的Ca~(2+)的吸附作用,使得其结构更加致密,从而提高水泥石的性能,而且使用SSS作为功能单体时,由于其更好的吸附作用,相对于AMPS具有更好的耐温性、分散性、流动性.
Cementing engineering is a very important part of the oil or natural gas exploitation process. The success of the exploitation process is related to whether oil and gas mining can proceed smoothly. With development in cementing technology,the performance requirements of oil well cement continues to increase. To improve the performance of oil well cement,some additives,such as latex,fluid loss agent,retarder,and dispersant are often added. To solve the problems of poor dispersion,fluidity and high-temperature resistance of traditional styrene-butadiene latex,two different functional monomers,namely,sodium styrenesulfonate(SSS)and 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid(AMPS) were selected for copolymerization with styrene and liquid polybutadiene by seed emulsion polymerization. Two types of latexes were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),nanoparticle size analysis,thermal gravimetric analysis(TG),and field-emission transmission electron microscopy(TEM),and the fluidity of cement paste as well as the flexural and compressive strengths of cement stone were examined. Results of fluidity test show that both types of latexes disperse well and possess good fluidity. Results of thermogravimetry show that these latexes can remain stable in an approximately 400 ℃ temperature environment. In addition,the results of the study of the hydration process of a cement modified by latex via cement hydration heat measurement proved that excellent dispersibility and mechanical properties of cement were due to the adsorption of Ca~(2+) contained in the hydration product by the negative charge on the latex molecule,which made its structure denser,and thus,improved the properties. Moreover,SSS used as a functional monomer has better temperature resistance,dispersion,and fluidity as compared to AMPS because of better adsorption.
Cementing engineering is a very important part of the oil or natural gas exploitation process. The success of the exploitation process is related to whether oil and gas mining can proceed smoothly. With development in cementing technology,the performance requirements of oil well cement continues to increase. To improve the performance of oil well cement,some additives,such as latex,fluid loss agent,retarder,and dispersant are often added. To solve the problems of poor dispersion,fluidity and high-temperature resistance of traditional styrene-butadiene latex,two different functional monomers,namely,sodium styrenesulfonate(SSS)and 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid(AMPS) were selected for copolymerization with styrene and liquid polybutadiene by seed emulsion polymerization. Two types of latexes were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),nanoparticle size analysis,thermal gravimetric analysis(TG),and field-emission transmission electron microscopy(TEM),and the fluidity of cement paste as well as the flexural and compressive strengths of cement stone were examined. Results of fluidity test show that both types of latexes disperse well and possess good fluidity. Results of thermogravimetry show that these latexes can remain stable in an approximately 400 ℃ temperature environment. In addition,the results of the study of the hydration process of a cement modified by latex via cement hydration heat measurement proved that excellent dispersibility and mechanical properties of cement were due to the adsorption of Ca~(2+) contained in the hydration product by the negative charge on the latex molecule,which made its structure denser,and thus,improved the properties. Moreover,SSS used as a functional monomer has better temperature resistance,dispersion,and fluidity as compared to AMPS because of better adsorption.
引文
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[2]郭锦棠,张振光,于永金,等.聚丁二烯基胶乳水泥增韧剂的制备及性能评价[J].天津大学学报:自然科学与工程技术版,2017,50(3):262-267.Guo Jintang,Zhang Zhenguang,Yu Yongjin,et al.Preparation and properties evaluation of polybutadienebased latex cement toughener[J].Journal of Tianjin University:Science and Technology,2017,50(3):262-267(in Chinese).
[3]邱海霞,王志鹏,郭锦棠,等.油井水泥增韧剂的无皂乳液合成及性能评价[J].天津大学学报:自然科学版,2015,48(9):779-783.Qiu Haixia,Wang Zhipeng,Guo Jintang,et al.Soapfree emulsion synthesis and performance research of oil well cement toughener[J].Journal of Tianjin University:Sicence and Technology,2015,48(9):779-783(in Chinese).
[4]Eren F,G?dek E,Keskinates M,et al.Effects of latex modification on fresh state consistency,short term strength and long term transport properties of cement mortars[J].Construction and Building Materials,2017,133:226-233.
[5]肖明明,郭锦棠,靳建洲,等.油井水泥专用丁苯胶乳的实验评价[J].化学工业与工程,2017,34(6):18-23.Xiao Mingming,Guo Jintang,Jin Jianzhou,et al.Laboratory evaluation on styrene butadiene latex specialized for oil well cement[J].Chemical Industry and Engineering,2017,34(6):18-23(in Chinese).
[6]Lu Z,Kong X,Zhang Q,et al.Influences of styreneacrylate latexes on cement hydration in oil well cement system at different temperatures[J].Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects,2016,507:46-57.
[7]Tang J,Liu J,Yu C,et al.Influence of cationic polyurethane on mechanical properties of cement based materials and its hydration mechanism[J].Construction and Building Materials,2017,137:494-504.
[8]齐奔,杜滨,高雪晴,等.油井水泥用胶乳的研究进展[J].石油化工应用,2016,35(6):6-9.Qi Ben,Du Bin,Gao Xueqing,et al.Research progress of latex for oil well cement[J].Petrochemical Industry Application,2016,35(6):6-9(in Chinese).
[9]吕行.乳液型油井水泥外加剂的研究[D].天津:天津大学化工学院,2013.LüXing.Research of Emulsion Type Oil Well Cement Additive[D].Tianjin:School of Chemical Engineering and Technology,Tianjin University,2013(in Chinese).
[10]Gong W,Li M,Zang Y,et al.The synthesis of saltresistant emulsion and its application in ecological sandfixing of high salt-affected sandy land[J].Plastics Rubber and Composites,2017,46(4):163-172.
[11]Kong X,Emmerling S,Pakusch J,et al.Retardation effect of styrene-acrylate copolymer latexes on cement hydration[J].Cement and Concrete Research,2015,75:23-41.
[12]Wang R,Li J,Zhang T,et al.Chemical interaction between polymer and cement in polymer-cement concrete[J].Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences,2016,64(4):785-792.
[13]Wang M,Wang R,Zheng S,et al.Research on the chemical mechanism in the polyacrylate latex modified cement system[J].Cement and Concrete Research,2015,76:62-69.
[14]Karakosta E,Lagkaditi L,Elhardalo S,et al.Pore structure evolution and strength development of G-type elastic oil well cement.A combined 1HNMR and ultrasonic study[J].Cement and Concrete Research,2015,72:90-97.
[15]Kong X,Pakusch J,Jansen D,et al.Effect of polymer latexes with cleaned serum on the phase development of hydrating cement pastes[J].Cement and Concrete Research,2016,84:30-40.