美国铁路煤炭运输启示与思考
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摘要
我国是世界煤炭生产、消费、进口第一大国,与美国相比,我国铁路煤炭产运比、市场份额还有很大增长空间。从煤炭生产和需求2个方面分析美国煤炭行业特征,从市场份额、运输收益方面分析美国煤炭铁路运输市场,从货运营销、采用先进技术、市场化定价等方面总结相关经验。结合我国煤炭市场需求,从煤炭运输能力、煤炭运输产品优化、煤炭价格管理体系等方面提出启示,以提升我国煤炭运输效益和效率。
China is one of the world's largest nations in coal producing, consuming and importing.Compared with the United States, there is still large room of growth for railway coal transportation in China, not only in production-transportation ratio, but also in market share. From the perspective of supply and demand, this paper analyses characteristics of the coal industry in the U. S., studies its coal transportation market in fields of market share and transportation profit, and summarizes experiences in freight marketing, adoption of advanced technology and market-oriented pricing, and etc. With regard to coal market demand in China, the paper proposes learning America's experience in fields of coal transportation capacity, optimization of coal transportation products and price management system, in order to improve effectiveness and efficiency of coal transportation in China.
China is one of the world's largest nations in coal producing, consuming and importing.Compared with the United States, there is still large room of growth for railway coal transportation in China, not only in production-transportation ratio, but also in market share. From the perspective of supply and demand, this paper analyses characteristics of the coal industry in the U. S., studies its coal transportation market in fields of market share and transportation profit, and summarizes experiences in freight marketing, adoption of advanced technology and market-oriented pricing, and etc. With regard to coal market demand in China, the paper proposes learning America's experience in fields of coal transportation capacity, optimization of coal transportation products and price management system, in order to improve effectiveness and efficiency of coal transportation in China.
引文
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[2]正视美国政策调整对煤炭行业可能的影响[J].中国煤炭工业,2016(12):14-15.
[3]肖颖.美国铁路煤炭运输对我国铁路的启示[J].铁道货运,2014,34(1):51-56.XIAO Ying.Revelation of American Railway Coal Transportation to Chinese Railways[J].Railway Freight Transport,2014,34(1):51-56.
[4]US Energy Information Administration.Coal Transportation rate to the Electric Power[EB/OL].[2019-05-10].https://www.eia.gov/coal/transportationrates/.
[5]李明慧,朱克非.美国主要I级铁路货运营销组织模式与启示[J].中国铁路,2016(1):99-103.LI Minghui,ZHU Kefei.Marketing Mode of Large Class I Railways in the United States[J].China Railway,2016(1):99-103.
[6]铁信.美国铁路货运技术创新[J].现代城市轨道,2018(9):78-79.
[7]杨瑜,王怀相.美国铁路煤炭运输[J].铁道货运,2011,29(12):36-40.YANG Yu,WANG Huaixiang.American Railway Coal Transpertion[J].Railway Freight Transport,2011,29(12):36-40.
[8]丁永民.我国铁路物流园区经营融链发展策略研究[J].铁道运输与经济,2019,41(5):1-5.DING Yongmin.A Study on the Integrated Development Strategy of Railway Logistics Parks in China[J].Railway Transport and Economy,2019,41(5):1-5.
[9]蒋运华.基于供需理论的铁路货运产品发展对策探讨[J].铁道货运,2018,36(9):1-5.JIANG Yunhua.A Study on Development Strategies of Railway Freight Transport Products based on the Theory of Supply and Demand[J].Railway Freight Transport,2018,36(9):1-5.
[10]陈娅娜.铁路货运价格对策探讨[J].铁道货运,2017,35(9):35-38.CHEN Yana.Discussion on Countermeasures of Railway Freight Price[J].Railway Freight Transport,2017,35(9):35-38.