川西高原退化草地的中国沙棘生长及土壤养分研究
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摘要
以川西高原退化草地人工种植1～3年的中国沙棘为研究对象,分析了其生长、土壤养分及叶片养分回收情况。结果显示:随着种植年限的增加,沙棘幼苗株高、冠幅、叶长及叶宽逐渐升高,侧枝数目和根长先升后降。与同区域康定柳相比,种植3年的中国沙棘根际土壤中全磷、有效磷和有机质含量较高,水解性氮含量相对较低。中国沙棘叶氮、磷含量(Ng、Pg)分别为23.24 mg·g~(-1)和1.84 mg·g~(-1),低于北方典型沙生植物叶片养分水平(27.42 mg·g~(-1)和3.68 mg·g~(-1)),叶磷回收效率(PRE)高达69.35%,受土壤有效磷供应不足的影响;康定柳叶磷回收效率为负值,叶氮回收效率(NRE)达59.88%,受土壤有效氮的限制更多,中国沙棘根系固氮作用能够补偿退化草地上土壤氮供应不足的限制。
In this paper studies were made of the growth,soil nutrient and leaf nutrient resorption of Hippophae rhamnoides,which was cultivated on degraded grassland for 1～3 years in Western Sichuan plateau.The results showed that,with the increase of planting years,the plant height,crown width,leaf length and leaf width of seedlings increased,the number of lateral branches and root length first increased and then decreased.Compared with Salix paraplesia in the same area,the contents of total phosphorus,available phosphorus and organic matter were higher in the rhizosphere soil of H.rhamnoides,and the contents of hydrolytic nitrogen were lower.The nitrogen and phosphorus contents(Ng and Pg) in the leaves of H.rhamnoides were 23.24 mg·g~(-1) and 1.84 mg·g~(-1) respectively,which were lower than typical northern psammophyte(27.42 mg·g~(-1) and 3.68 mg·g~(-1)).The leaf phosphorus recovery efficiency(PRE) was as high as 69.35% in H.rhamnoides,which was restricted by the insufficient supply of phosphorus in the soil.The leaf nitrogen recovery efficiency(NRE) was 59.88% in Salix paraplesia,which was more restricted by the advisability of nitrogen of the soil.The nitrogen fixation in the roots of H.rhamnoides could compensate for the insufficient supply of soil nitrogen in the degraded grassland.
In this paper studies were made of the growth,soil nutrient and leaf nutrient resorption of Hippophae rhamnoides,which was cultivated on degraded grassland for 1～3 years in Western Sichuan plateau.The results showed that,with the increase of planting years,the plant height,crown width,leaf length and leaf width of seedlings increased,the number of lateral branches and root length first increased and then decreased.Compared with Salix paraplesia in the same area,the contents of total phosphorus,available phosphorus and organic matter were higher in the rhizosphere soil of H.rhamnoides,and the contents of hydrolytic nitrogen were lower.The nitrogen and phosphorus contents(Ng and Pg) in the leaves of H.rhamnoides were 23.24 mg·g~(-1) and 1.84 mg·g~(-1) respectively,which were lower than typical northern psammophyte(27.42 mg·g~(-1) and 3.68 mg·g~(-1)).The leaf phosphorus recovery efficiency(PRE) was as high as 69.35% in H.rhamnoides,which was restricted by the insufficient supply of phosphorus in the soil.The leaf nitrogen recovery efficiency(NRE) was 59.88% in Salix paraplesia,which was more restricted by the advisability of nitrogen of the soil.The nitrogen fixation in the roots of H.rhamnoides could compensate for the insufficient supply of soil nitrogen in the degraded grassland.
引文
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[13] 赵广帅,熊定鹏,石培礼,等.羌塘高原降水梯度带紫花针茅叶片氮回收特征及影响因素[J].生态学报,36(11):3419～3428.
[2] 程根伟,罗辑.贡嘎山亚高山森林自然演替特征与模拟[J].生态学报,2002,22(7):1049～1056.
[3] 欧平贵,任君芳,罗鹏,等.若尔盖县沙化治理试验研究初报[J].四川林业科技,2013,34(3):11～20.
[4] 郭亨孝,孟宏伟,陈昌久,等.关于川西北沙化问题的调研报告[J].四川林业科技,2010,31(2):1～3.
[5] 蒙嘉文,左林,蔡应君,等.若尔盖县土地沙化现状分析及治理对策研究[J].四川林业科技,2013,34(4):42～46.
[6] Aerts R .Nutrient resorption from senescing leaves of perennials:Are there general patterns?[J].Journal of Ecology,1996,84(4):597～608.
[7] Killingbeck K T .Nutrients in Senesced Leaves:Keys to the Search for Potential Resorption and Resorption Proficiency[J].Ecology,1996,77(6):1716～1727.
[8] Adamas M B,Campbell R G,Allen H L,et al .Root and foliar nutrient concentrations in loblolly pine:Effects of season,site and fertilization[J ].Forest Science,1987,33:984～996.
[9] 王博.中国北方典型沙生植物叶片养分回收与功能特征的研究[D].兰州大学硕士学位论文,2007.
[10] Güsewell S.N:P ratios in terrestrial plants:variation and functional significance.New Phytologist,2004,164:243～266.
[11] Aerts R.Nutrient resorption from senescing leaves of perennials:Are there general patterns[J ].Journal of Ecology,1996,84:597～608.
[12] 陈伏生,胡小飞,葛刚.城市地被植物麦冬叶片氮磷化学计量比和养分再吸收效率[J].草业学报,2007,16(4):47～54.
[13] 赵广帅,熊定鹏,石培礼,等.羌塘高原降水梯度带紫花针茅叶片氮回收特征及影响因素[J].生态学报,36(11):3419～3428.