碳纳米管传感器吸附机理及对SF_6分解组分检测应用综述
|
摘要
碳纳米管(carbon nanotubes,CNTs)作为一种新型的气敏材料,具有孔隙率高、比表面积大和结构中空的特性,在气敏传感器领域备受青睐。其气敏特性不仅体现在对于特定气体的优良响应特性,更在于对不同气体种类和浓度的识别能力。该文综述了碳纳米管传感器的气体吸附机理,及其在检测电力系统气体绝缘开关设备中六氟化硫(sulfur hexafluoride,SF_6)分解组分领域中的应用。总结了其作为气体传感器对各种分解组分的实验检测和理论计算结论,分析对比了不同类型传感器在检测过程中所具有的优势和不足,提出了碳纳米管传感器在检测SF_6分解组分方面的研究趋势。
Carbon nanotubes(CNTs), as a new type of gas-sensing material, have the advantages of high porosity, large specific surface area and hollow structure, which is highly favored in the field of gas sensors. Its gas sensitivity is not only reflected in the excellent response to specific gases, but also on the identification of different gas types and concentrations. In this paper, the gas adsorption principle of CNTs sensor and its application in the field of sulfur hexafluoride(SF_6) decomposition components in power system gas insulated switchgear were reviewed. As a gas sensor, experimental test and theoretical calculation results of CNTs for various decomposition components were summarized. The advantages and disadvantages of different types of sensors in the detection process were analyzed and compared. The results show that the carbon nanotubes sensor can detect the decomposition of SF_6 in further study.
Carbon nanotubes(CNTs), as a new type of gas-sensing material, have the advantages of high porosity, large specific surface area and hollow structure, which is highly favored in the field of gas sensors. Its gas sensitivity is not only reflected in the excellent response to specific gases, but also on the identification of different gas types and concentrations. In this paper, the gas adsorption principle of CNTs sensor and its application in the field of sulfur hexafluoride(SF_6) decomposition components in power system gas insulated switchgear were reviewed. As a gas sensor, experimental test and theoretical calculation results of CNTs for various decomposition components were summarized. The advantages and disadvantages of different types of sensors in the detection process were analyzed and compared. The results show that the carbon nanotubes sensor can detect the decomposition of SF_6 in further study.
引文
[1]谭志红.SF6局部放电分解特性及碳纳米管气敏传感器检测研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2011.Tan Zhihong.SF6 partial discharge decomposition characteristics and carbon nanotube gas sensor detection[D].Chongqing:Chongqing University,2011(in Chinese).
[2]Okubo H,Yanabu S.Feasilbility study on application of high voltage and high power vacuum circuit breaker[C]//International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum.IEEE,2002:275-278.
[3]唐炬,黄秀娟,曾福平,等.微量O2对SF6过热分解组分形成过程的影响分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2015(10):2617-2624.Tang Ju,Huang Xiujuan,Zeng Fuping,et al.Influence analysis of trace O2 on the forming process of SF6overthermal decomposition components[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(10):2617-2624(in Chinese).
[4]唐炬,杨东,曾福平,等.基于分解组分分析的SF6设备绝缘故障诊断方法与技术的研究现状[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(20):41-54.Tang Ju,Yang Dong,Zeng Fuping,et al.Research status of SF6 insulation equipment fault diagnosis method and technology based on decomposed components analysis[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(20):41-54(in Chinese).
[5]Zhang X,Chen Q,Hu W,et al.A DFT study of SF 6decomposed gas adsorption on an anatase(101)surface[J].Applied Surface Science,2013,286:47-53.
[6]马奎,王博,魏宁,等.一种新型碳纳米管气体传感器的响应特性研究[J].高压电器,2013,49(1):19-23.Ma Kui,Wang Bo,Wei Ning,et al.Response characteristics of a new-style carbon nanotubes(CNTs)gas sensor[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2013,49(1):19-23(in Chinese).
[7]Tang Y H,Li X C,Li J L,et al.Experimental evidence for the formation mechanism of metallic catalyst-free carbon nanotubes[J].Nano-Micro Letters,2010,2(1):18-21.
[8]张晓星,任江波,肖鹏,等.检测SF6气体局部放电的多壁碳纳米管薄膜传感器[J].中国电机工程学报,2009,29(16):114-118.Zhang Xiaoxing,Ren Jiangbo,Xiao Peng,et al.Multiwall carbon nanotube films sensor applied to SF6 PD detection[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2009,29(16):114-118(in Chinese).
[9]Iijima S,Ichihashi T.Single-shell carbon nanotubes of1nm diameter[J].Nature,1993,364(6430):603-605.
[10]Chen C,Hou Z,Liu X,et al.Fabrication and characterization of the performance of multi-channel carbon-nanotube field-effect transistors[J].Physics Letters A,2007,366(4–5):474-479.
[11]Aussawasathien D,He P,And L D.Polymer nanofibers and polymer sheathed carbon nanotubes for sensors[J].Polymeric Nanofibers,2006,918:246-268.
[12]Suehiro J,Zhou G,Hara M.Detection of partial discharge in SF6,gas using a carbon nanotube-based gas sensor[J].Sensors&Actuators B Chemical,2005,105(2):164-169.
[13]杨俊卿,魏忠,李鸿波.碳纳米管气体传感器研究进展[J].广州化工,2012,40(3):33-35.Yang Junqing,Wei Zhong,Li Hongbo.Research progress in CNTs sensors[J].Guangzhou Chemical Industry,2012,40(3):33-35(in Chinese).
[14]Ren X,Chen C,Nagatsu M,et al.Carbon nanotubes as adsorbents in environmental pollution management:A review[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2011,170(2-3):395-410.
[15]Sun S J.Gas adsorption on a single walled carbon nanotube-model simulation[J].Physics Letters A,2008,372(19):3493-3495.
[16]文晓艳.改性碳纳米管气体传感器[J].化学进展,2008,20(2):260-264.Wen Xiaoyan.Modified carbon nanotube gas sensors[J].Progress in Chemistry,2008,20(2):260-264(in Chinese).
[17]赵振国.吸附作用应用原理[J].热能动力工程,2005(6):631-631.Zhao Zhenguo.Application principle of adsorption[J].Thermal Power Engineering,2005(6):631-631(in Chinese).
[18]牛莉,罗延龄,李利维.碳纳米管气敏传感器响应机理研究进展[J].材料导报,2006,20(s2):103-107.Niu Li,Luo Yanling,Li Liwei.Research advances in response mechanism of carbon nanotube-based gas sensors[J].Materials Review,2006,20(s2):103-107(in Chinese).
[19]麦亚潘.碳纳米管:科学与应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2007.Maan Pan.Carbon nanotubes:science and application[J].Beijing:China Science Publishing&Media Ltd.,2007.
[20]Zhao J,Wang X,Li L.Electrochemical fabrication of well-ordered titania nanotubes in H3PO4/HF electrolytes[J].Electronics Letters,2005,41(13):771-772.
[21]Stan G,Cole M W.Low coverage adsorption in cylindrical pores[J].Surface Science,1998,395(2-2):280-291.
[22]Williams K A,Eklund P C.Monte Carlo simulations of H2physisorption in finite-diameter carbon nanotube ropes[J].Chemical Physics Letters,2000,320(3):352-358.
[23]Calbi M M,Cole M W,Gatica S M,et al.Condensed phases of gases inside nanotube bundles[J].Review of Modern Physics,2001,73(4):857-865.
[24]Valentini L,Lozzi L,Picozzi S,et al.Adsorption of oxidizing gases on multiwalled carbon nanotubes[J].Journal of Vacuum Science&Technology A:Vacuum,Surfaces,and Films,2004,22(4):1450-1454.
[25]Ajayan P M,Ebbesen T W,Ichihashi T,et al.Opening carbon nanotubes with oxygen and implications for filling.Nature[J].Nature,1993,362(6420):522-525.
[26]De Meyer K M A,Chempath S,Denayer J F M,et al.Packing effects in the liquid-phase adsorption of C5-C22 n-alkanes on ZSM-5[J].The Journal of Physical Chemistry B,2003,107(39):10760-10766.
[27]Muris M,Dupont-Pavlovsky N,Bienfait M,et al.Where are the molecules adsorbed on single-walled nanotubes?[J].Surface Science,2001,492(1):67-74.
[28]Heroux L,Krungleviciute V,Calbi M M,et al.CF4 on carbon nanotubes:physisorption on grooves and external surfaces[J].Journal of Physical Chemistry B,2006,110(25):12597-12602.
[29]Calbi M M,Riccardo J L.Energy barriers at the ends of carbon nanotube bundles:Effects on interstitial adsorption kinetics[J].Physical Review Letters,2005,94(24):246103.
[30]Burde J T,Calbi M M.Physisorption kinetics in carbon nanotube bundles[J].The Journal of Physical Chemistry C,2007,111(13):5057-5063.
[31]Boys S F,Bernardi F.The calculation of small molecular interactions by the differences of separate total energies.Some procedures with reduced errors[J].Molecular Physics,1970,19(4):553-566.
[32]Zhang X,Gui Y,Xiao H,et al.Analysis of adsorption properties of typical partial discharge gases on Ni-SWCNTs using density functional theory[J].Applied Surface Science,2016,379:47-54.
[33]Kondratyuk P,Wang Y,Johnson J K,et al.Observation of a one-dimensional adsorption site on carbon nanotubes:adsorption of alkanes of different molecular lengths[J].The Journal of Physical Chemistry B,2005,109(44):20999-21005.
[34]Qi P,Vermesh O,Grecu M,et al.Toward large arrays of multiplex functionalized carbon nanotube sensors for highly sensitive and selective molecular detection[J].Nano letters,2003,3(3):347-351.
[35]毕红梅,张小庆.CNTs型化学传感器的应用与现状[J].化工科技市场,2008,31(4):24-26.Bi Hongmei,Zhang Xiaoqing.The application and present situation of chemical sensor of CNTs[J].Chemical Technology Market,2008,31(4):24-26.
[36]叶日新,董明,任明,等.电化学传感器在SF6气体分解物检测中的应用[C]//中国电机工程学会高电压专业委员会2015年学术年会,西安,2015.Ye Rixin,Dong Ming,Ren Ming,et al.The application of electrochemical gas sensor in the SF6 gas decomposition detecting[C]//Annual Conference of High Voltage Professional Committee of China Society of Electrical Engineering,Xi’an,2015.
[37]马娟娟.碳纳米管对SO2分子气敏性能的第一性原理研究[D].广州:华南师范大学,2016.Ma Juanjuan.The first principle of carbon nanotubes on SO2 molecular gas sensing performance[D].Guangzhou:South China Normal University,2016.
[38]Cui H F,Vashist S K,Al-Rubeaan K,et al.Interfacing carbon nanotubes with living mammalian cells and cytotoxicity issues[J].Chemical Research in Toxicology,2010,23(7):1131-1147.
[39]Delley B.Time dependent density functional theory with DMol3[J].Journal of Physics Condensed Matter,2010,22(38):384208.
[40]Pannopard P,Khongpracha P,Probst M,et al.Gas sensing properties of platinum derivatives of single-walled carbon nanotubes:A DFT analysis[J].Journal of Molecular Graphics and Modeling,2009,28(1):62-69.
[41]房家骅,谭秋林,刘文怡,等.羟基-碳纳米管气体传感器气敏性的仿真研究[J].传感器与微系统,2015,34(8):57-60.Fang Jiaye,Tan Qiulin,Liu Wenyi,et al.Gas sensitivity simulation study on hydroxyl-modified carbon nanotubes gas sensor[J].Transducer and Microsystem Technologies,2015,34(8):57-60(in Chinese).
[42]代自强.氨基与金改性碳纳米管检测六氟化硫分解组分的气敏特性研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2014.Dai Ziqiang.Study on gas-sensing properties of sulfur hexafluoride decomposition components by amino and gold modified carbon nanotubes[D].Chongqing:Chongqing University,2014(in Chinese).
[43]Zhang X,Gui Y,Dai Z.A simulation of Pd-doped SWCNTs used to detect SF6,decomposition components under partial discharge[J].Applied Surface Science,2014,315(10):196-202.
[44]Zhang X,Zhang J,Tang J,et al.Gas-sensing simulation of single-walled carbon nanotubes applied to detect gas decomposition products of SF6[J].Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience,2012,9(8):1096-1100.
[45]Piao L,Liu Q,Li Y,et al.Adsorption of L-phenylalanine on single-walled carbon nanotubes[J].The Journal of Physical Chemistry C,2008,112(8):2857-2863.
[46]Che?mecka E,Pasterny K,Kupka T,et al.Density functional theory studies of OH-modified open-ended single-wall zigzag carbon nanotubes(SWCNTs)[J].Journal of Molecular Structure:THEOCHEM,2010,948(1):93-98.
[47]张晓星,代自强,孟凡生,等.羧基碳纳米管吸附SF6放电分解组分的仿真计算[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(31):85-91.Zhang Xiaoxing,Dai Ziqiang,Meng Fansheng,et al.DFT calculations on the adsorption of components of SF6decomposed under partial discharge onto carboxyl carbon nanotubes[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(31):85-91(in Chinese).
[48]Zhang X,Meng F,Yang B.Use of hydroxyl-modified carbon nanotubes for detecting SF6 decomposition products under partial discharge in gas insulated switchgear[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2013,20(6):2246-2253.
[49]Yoosefian M,Zahedi M,Mola A,et al.A DFT comparative study of single and double SO2 adsorption on Pt-doped and Au-doped single-walled carbon nanotube[J].Applied Surface Science,2015,349:864-869.
[50]Mubeen S,Zhang T,Chartuprayoon N,et al.Sensitive detection of H2S using gold nanoparticle decorated single-walled carbon nanotubes[J].Analytical Chemistry,2010,82(1):250-7.
[51]Zhou X,Tian W Q,Wang X L.Adsorption sensitivity of Pd-doped SWCNTs to small gas molecules[J].Sensors and Actuators B:Chemical,2010,151(1):56-64.
[52]Seenithurai S,Pandyan R K,Kumar S V,et al.H2adsorption in Ni and passivated Ni doped 4?single walled carbon nanotube[J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2013,38(18):7376-7381.
[53]Nakano H,Ohta H,Yokoe A,et al.First-principle molecular-dynamics study of hydrogen adsorption on an aluminum-doped carbon nanotube[J].Journal of Power Sources,2006,163(1):125-134.
[54]Challet S,Aza?s P,Pellenq R J M,et al.D2 adsorption in potassium-doped single-wall carbon nanotubes:a neutron diffraction and isotherms study[J].Chemical Physics Letters,2003,377(5):544-550.
[55]王若曦,张冬菊,武剑,等.硼氮掺杂的碳纳米管对硫化氢气敏性能的理论研究[J].化学学报,2007,65(2):107-110.Wang Ruoxi,Zhang Dongju,Wu Jian,et al.Theoretical study on the sensing properties of the boron and nitrogen doped carbon nanotubes for hydrogen sulfide[J].Acta Chimica Sinica,2007,65(2):107-110(in Chinese).
[56]Hu X,Wu Y,Li H,et al.Adsorption and activation of O2on nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes[J].The Journal of Physical Chemistry C,2010,114(21):9603-9607.
[57]Li Y,Hodak M,Lu W,et al.Mechanisms of NH3,and NO2,detection in carbon-nanotube-based sensors:An ab initio,investigation[J].Carbon,2016,101:177-183.
[58]Zhang X X,Meng F S,Ren J B,et al.Simulation on the B-doped single-walled carbon nanotubes detecting the partial discharge of SF6[J].Gaodianya Jishu/High Voltage Engineering,2011,37(7):1689-1694.
[59]尚威,王文举,王嵩.Pt掺杂碳纳米管吸附气体小分子的DFT计算[J].化学学报,2010,68(23):2389-2394.Shang Wei,Wang Wenju,Wang Song.DFT calculations on the adsorption of small gas molecules onto Pt-doped carbon nanotubes[J].Acta Chimica Sinica,2010,68(23):2389-2394.
[60]Zhang X,Gui Y,Xiao H,et al.Analysis of adsorption properties of typical partial discharge gases on Ni-SWCNTs using density functional theory[J].Applied Surface Science,2016,379:47-54.
[61]Bak S M,Kim K H,Lee C W,et al.Mesoporous nickel/carbon nanotube hybrid material prepared by electroless deposition[J].Journal of Materials Chemistry,2011,21(6):1984-1990.
[62]张晓星,孟凡生,任江波,等.硼掺杂单壁碳纳米管检测SF6气体局部放电仿真[J].高电压技术,2011,37(7):1689-1694.Zhang Xiaoxing,Meng Fansheng,Ren Jiangbo,et al.Simulation on the B-doped single-walled carbon nanotubes detecting the partial discharge of SF6[J].High Voltage Engineering,2011,37(7):1689-1694(in Chinese).
[63]Li Y,Wang H,Chen Y,et al.A multi-walled carbon nanotube/palladium nanocomposite prepared by a facile method for the detection of methane at room temperature[J].Sensors and actuators B:Chemical,2008,132(1):155-158.
[64]张一茗,袁欢,穆产祺,等.高压SF6开关设备气体分解物浓度在线监测装置研制[J].高压电器,2016,52(12):134-139.Zhang Yiming,Yuan Huan,Mu Chanqi,et al.Development of on-line concentration monitoring device for SF6 decomposition product in high voltage SF6switchgear[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2016,52(12):134-139(in Chinese).
[65]Chopra S,Pham A,Gaillard J,et al.Carbon-nanotubebased resonant-circuit sensor for ammonia[J].Applied Physics Letters,2002,80(24):4632-4634.
[66]Zhang X,Wu X,Yu L,et al.Highly sensitive and selective polyaniline thin-film sensors for detecting SF6decomposition products at room temperature[J].Synthetic Metals,2015,200:74-79.
[67]Leghrib R,Pavelko R,Felten A,et al.Gas sensors based on multiwall carbon nanotubes decorated with tin oxide nanoclusters[J].Sensors and Actuators B:Chemical,2010,145(1):411-416.
[68]Ding W,Hayashi R,Ochi K,et al.Analysis of PDgenerated SF6 decomposition gases adsorbed on carbon nanotubes[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2006,13(6):1200-1207.
[69]Jung S,Choi J,Kim Y,et al.Single-walled carbon nanotube sensors for monitoring partial discharge induced dissociation of SF6[J].Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology,2009,9(12):7336-7339.
[70]Byl O,Liu J,Yates J T.Etching of carbon nanotubes by ozone a surface area study[J].Langmuir,2005,21(9):4200-4204.
[71]Sham M L,Kim J K.Surface functionalities of multi-wall carbon nanotubes after UV/Ozone and TETA treatments[J].Carbon,2006,44(4):768-777.
[72]杨冰.等离子体改性碳纳米管检测SF6放电分解组分的气敏特性研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2013.Yang Bing.Study on gas-sensing properties of plasma modified carbon nanotubes for detection of SF6 discharge decomposition components[D].Chongqing:Chongqing University,2013(in Chinese).
[73]Liu J,Rinzler A G,Dai H,et al.Fullerene pipes[J].Science,1998,280(5367):1253-1256.
[74]Toebes M L,van Heeswijk J M P,Bitter J H,et al.The influence of oxidation on the texture and the number of oxygen-containing surface groups of carbon nanofibers[J].Carbon,2004,42(2):307-315.
[75]Lu C,Chiu H.Chemical modification of multiwalled carbon nanotubes for sorption of Zn 2+from aqueous solution[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2008,139(3):462-468.
[76]Zhang X,Yang B,Liu W,et al.Detection of partial discharge in SF6 decomposition gas based on modified carbon nanotubes sensors[J].Procedia Engineering,2012,29:4107-4111.
[77]Zhang X,Yang B,Dai Z,et al.The gas response of hydroxyl modified SWCNTs and carboxyl modified SWCNTs to H2S and SO2[J].Przeglad Elektrotechniczny,2012,88(7B):311-314.
[78]苗智颖,陈念,邵学广,等.基于多壁碳纳米管-铂纳米颗粒纳米复合材料的乙醇生物传感器[J].传感技术学报,2017,30(1):16-19.Miao Zhiying,Chen Nian,Shao Xueguang,et al.Ethanol biosensor based on multi-walled carbon nanotubesplatinum nanoparticles nanocomposites[J].Chinese Journal of Sensors and Actuators,2017,30(1):16-19(in Chinese).
[79]Mubeen S,Zhang T,Chartuprayoon N,et al.Sensitive detection of H2S using gold nanoparticle decorated single-walled carbon nanotubes[J].Analytical Chemistry,2010,82(1):250-257.
[80]Zhang X,Feng B,Zhang J,et al.Gas sensing response of Ni Cl2-doped carbon nanotubes to decomposition products of SF6 gas due to partial discharge[J].Power System Technology,2011,35(10):189-193.
[81]戴洪法.碳纳米管基硫化氢气敏传感器的研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2011.Dai Hongfa.Study on carbon nanotube-based hydrogen sulfide gas sensor[D].Chongqing:Chongqing University,2011.
[82]房红琳.Sn O_2/MWCNTs纳米复合物的制备及其含硫化合物气敏性能研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2011.Fang Honglin.Preparation of Sn O_2/MWCNTs nanocomposites and gas sensing properties of sulfur compounds[D].Chongqing:Chongqing University,2011(in Chinese).
[83]张晓星,罗晨晨,唐炬.用于SO2气体检测的4A型分子筛掺杂碳纳米管气敏传感器研制[J].高电压技术,2015,41(1):146-151.Zhang Xiaoxing,Luo Chenchen,Tang Ju.Sensitive characteristics analysis on 4A molecular sieve doped carbon nanotube sensor for detecting SO2[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(1):146-151(in Chinese).
[84]徐晓刚,李鑫,张晓星,等.K型分子筛掺杂的MWNTs检测SF6放电分解组分的气敏特性分析[C]//2015年中国电机工程学会年会论文集.广东电网公司电力科学研究院&武汉大学&重庆大学,2015:1-6.Xu Xiaogang,Li Xin,Zhang Xiaoxing,et al.Gas sensing characteristics of sf6 discharge decomposition components in k type molecular sieve doped MWNTs[C]//2015 China Electrical Engineering Society Annual Conference Proceedings.Guangdong Power Grid Corporation Electric Power Science Research School&Wuhan University&Chongqing University,2015:1-6.
[85]Yan B,Qian K,Zhang Y,et al.Effects of argon plasma treating on surface morphology and gas ionization property of carbon nanotubes[J].Physica E:Lowdimensional Systems and Nanostructures,2005,28(1):88-92.
[86]Yu K,Zhu Z,Zhang Y,et al.Change of surface morphology and field emission property of carbon nanotube films treated using a hydrogen plasma[J].Applied Surface Science,2004,225(1-4):380-388.
[87]Ahn K S,Kim J S,Kim C O,et al.Non-reactive rf treatment of multiwall carbon nanotube with inert argon plasma for enhanced field emission[J].Carbon,2003,41(13):2481-2485.
[88]Zhang X,Yang B,Wang X,et al.Effect of plasma treatment on multi-walled carbon nanotubes for the detection of H2S and SO2[J].Sensors,2012,12(7):9375-9385.
[89]Modi A,Koratkar N,Lass E,et al.Miniaturized gas ionization sensors using carbon nanotubes[J].Cheminform,2003,34(40):171-174.
[90]Suehiro J,Zhou G,Hara M.Detection of partial discharge in SF6,gas using a carbon nanotube-based gas sensor[J].Sensors&Actuators B Chemical,2005,105(2):164-169.
[91]Semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes synthesized by S-doping[J].纳微快报(英文),2009(1):9-13.DOI:10.5101/nml.v1i1.p9-13.
[92]Qin L C,Iijima S.Structure and formation of raft-like bundles of single-walled helical carbon nanotubes produced by laser evaporation[J].Chemical Physics Letters,1997,269(1-2):65-71.
[2]Okubo H,Yanabu S.Feasilbility study on application of high voltage and high power vacuum circuit breaker[C]//International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum.IEEE,2002:275-278.
[3]唐炬,黄秀娟,曾福平,等.微量O2对SF6过热分解组分形成过程的影响分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2015(10):2617-2624.Tang Ju,Huang Xiujuan,Zeng Fuping,et al.Influence analysis of trace O2 on the forming process of SF6overthermal decomposition components[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(10):2617-2624(in Chinese).
[4]唐炬,杨东,曾福平,等.基于分解组分分析的SF6设备绝缘故障诊断方法与技术的研究现状[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(20):41-54.Tang Ju,Yang Dong,Zeng Fuping,et al.Research status of SF6 insulation equipment fault diagnosis method and technology based on decomposed components analysis[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(20):41-54(in Chinese).
[5]Zhang X,Chen Q,Hu W,et al.A DFT study of SF 6decomposed gas adsorption on an anatase(101)surface[J].Applied Surface Science,2013,286:47-53.
[6]马奎,王博,魏宁,等.一种新型碳纳米管气体传感器的响应特性研究[J].高压电器,2013,49(1):19-23.Ma Kui,Wang Bo,Wei Ning,et al.Response characteristics of a new-style carbon nanotubes(CNTs)gas sensor[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2013,49(1):19-23(in Chinese).
[7]Tang Y H,Li X C,Li J L,et al.Experimental evidence for the formation mechanism of metallic catalyst-free carbon nanotubes[J].Nano-Micro Letters,2010,2(1):18-21.
[8]张晓星,任江波,肖鹏,等.检测SF6气体局部放电的多壁碳纳米管薄膜传感器[J].中国电机工程学报,2009,29(16):114-118.Zhang Xiaoxing,Ren Jiangbo,Xiao Peng,et al.Multiwall carbon nanotube films sensor applied to SF6 PD detection[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2009,29(16):114-118(in Chinese).
[9]Iijima S,Ichihashi T.Single-shell carbon nanotubes of1nm diameter[J].Nature,1993,364(6430):603-605.
[10]Chen C,Hou Z,Liu X,et al.Fabrication and characterization of the performance of multi-channel carbon-nanotube field-effect transistors[J].Physics Letters A,2007,366(4–5):474-479.
[11]Aussawasathien D,He P,And L D.Polymer nanofibers and polymer sheathed carbon nanotubes for sensors[J].Polymeric Nanofibers,2006,918:246-268.
[12]Suehiro J,Zhou G,Hara M.Detection of partial discharge in SF6,gas using a carbon nanotube-based gas sensor[J].Sensors&Actuators B Chemical,2005,105(2):164-169.
[13]杨俊卿,魏忠,李鸿波.碳纳米管气体传感器研究进展[J].广州化工,2012,40(3):33-35.Yang Junqing,Wei Zhong,Li Hongbo.Research progress in CNTs sensors[J].Guangzhou Chemical Industry,2012,40(3):33-35(in Chinese).
[14]Ren X,Chen C,Nagatsu M,et al.Carbon nanotubes as adsorbents in environmental pollution management:A review[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2011,170(2-3):395-410.
[15]Sun S J.Gas adsorption on a single walled carbon nanotube-model simulation[J].Physics Letters A,2008,372(19):3493-3495.
[16]文晓艳.改性碳纳米管气体传感器[J].化学进展,2008,20(2):260-264.Wen Xiaoyan.Modified carbon nanotube gas sensors[J].Progress in Chemistry,2008,20(2):260-264(in Chinese).
[17]赵振国.吸附作用应用原理[J].热能动力工程,2005(6):631-631.Zhao Zhenguo.Application principle of adsorption[J].Thermal Power Engineering,2005(6):631-631(in Chinese).
[18]牛莉,罗延龄,李利维.碳纳米管气敏传感器响应机理研究进展[J].材料导报,2006,20(s2):103-107.Niu Li,Luo Yanling,Li Liwei.Research advances in response mechanism of carbon nanotube-based gas sensors[J].Materials Review,2006,20(s2):103-107(in Chinese).
[19]麦亚潘.碳纳米管:科学与应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2007.Maan Pan.Carbon nanotubes:science and application[J].Beijing:China Science Publishing&Media Ltd.,2007.
[20]Zhao J,Wang X,Li L.Electrochemical fabrication of well-ordered titania nanotubes in H3PO4/HF electrolytes[J].Electronics Letters,2005,41(13):771-772.
[21]Stan G,Cole M W.Low coverage adsorption in cylindrical pores[J].Surface Science,1998,395(2-2):280-291.
[22]Williams K A,Eklund P C.Monte Carlo simulations of H2physisorption in finite-diameter carbon nanotube ropes[J].Chemical Physics Letters,2000,320(3):352-358.
[23]Calbi M M,Cole M W,Gatica S M,et al.Condensed phases of gases inside nanotube bundles[J].Review of Modern Physics,2001,73(4):857-865.
[24]Valentini L,Lozzi L,Picozzi S,et al.Adsorption of oxidizing gases on multiwalled carbon nanotubes[J].Journal of Vacuum Science&Technology A:Vacuum,Surfaces,and Films,2004,22(4):1450-1454.
[25]Ajayan P M,Ebbesen T W,Ichihashi T,et al.Opening carbon nanotubes with oxygen and implications for filling.Nature[J].Nature,1993,362(6420):522-525.
[26]De Meyer K M A,Chempath S,Denayer J F M,et al.Packing effects in the liquid-phase adsorption of C5-C22 n-alkanes on ZSM-5[J].The Journal of Physical Chemistry B,2003,107(39):10760-10766.
[27]Muris M,Dupont-Pavlovsky N,Bienfait M,et al.Where are the molecules adsorbed on single-walled nanotubes?[J].Surface Science,2001,492(1):67-74.
[28]Heroux L,Krungleviciute V,Calbi M M,et al.CF4 on carbon nanotubes:physisorption on grooves and external surfaces[J].Journal of Physical Chemistry B,2006,110(25):12597-12602.
[29]Calbi M M,Riccardo J L.Energy barriers at the ends of carbon nanotube bundles:Effects on interstitial adsorption kinetics[J].Physical Review Letters,2005,94(24):246103.
[30]Burde J T,Calbi M M.Physisorption kinetics in carbon nanotube bundles[J].The Journal of Physical Chemistry C,2007,111(13):5057-5063.
[31]Boys S F,Bernardi F.The calculation of small molecular interactions by the differences of separate total energies.Some procedures with reduced errors[J].Molecular Physics,1970,19(4):553-566.
[32]Zhang X,Gui Y,Xiao H,et al.Analysis of adsorption properties of typical partial discharge gases on Ni-SWCNTs using density functional theory[J].Applied Surface Science,2016,379:47-54.
[33]Kondratyuk P,Wang Y,Johnson J K,et al.Observation of a one-dimensional adsorption site on carbon nanotubes:adsorption of alkanes of different molecular lengths[J].The Journal of Physical Chemistry B,2005,109(44):20999-21005.
[34]Qi P,Vermesh O,Grecu M,et al.Toward large arrays of multiplex functionalized carbon nanotube sensors for highly sensitive and selective molecular detection[J].Nano letters,2003,3(3):347-351.
[35]毕红梅,张小庆.CNTs型化学传感器的应用与现状[J].化工科技市场,2008,31(4):24-26.Bi Hongmei,Zhang Xiaoqing.The application and present situation of chemical sensor of CNTs[J].Chemical Technology Market,2008,31(4):24-26.
[36]叶日新,董明,任明,等.电化学传感器在SF6气体分解物检测中的应用[C]//中国电机工程学会高电压专业委员会2015年学术年会,西安,2015.Ye Rixin,Dong Ming,Ren Ming,et al.The application of electrochemical gas sensor in the SF6 gas decomposition detecting[C]//Annual Conference of High Voltage Professional Committee of China Society of Electrical Engineering,Xi’an,2015.
[37]马娟娟.碳纳米管对SO2分子气敏性能的第一性原理研究[D].广州:华南师范大学,2016.Ma Juanjuan.The first principle of carbon nanotubes on SO2 molecular gas sensing performance[D].Guangzhou:South China Normal University,2016.
[38]Cui H F,Vashist S K,Al-Rubeaan K,et al.Interfacing carbon nanotubes with living mammalian cells and cytotoxicity issues[J].Chemical Research in Toxicology,2010,23(7):1131-1147.
[39]Delley B.Time dependent density functional theory with DMol3[J].Journal of Physics Condensed Matter,2010,22(38):384208.
[40]Pannopard P,Khongpracha P,Probst M,et al.Gas sensing properties of platinum derivatives of single-walled carbon nanotubes:A DFT analysis[J].Journal of Molecular Graphics and Modeling,2009,28(1):62-69.
[41]房家骅,谭秋林,刘文怡,等.羟基-碳纳米管气体传感器气敏性的仿真研究[J].传感器与微系统,2015,34(8):57-60.Fang Jiaye,Tan Qiulin,Liu Wenyi,et al.Gas sensitivity simulation study on hydroxyl-modified carbon nanotubes gas sensor[J].Transducer and Microsystem Technologies,2015,34(8):57-60(in Chinese).
[42]代自强.氨基与金改性碳纳米管检测六氟化硫分解组分的气敏特性研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2014.Dai Ziqiang.Study on gas-sensing properties of sulfur hexafluoride decomposition components by amino and gold modified carbon nanotubes[D].Chongqing:Chongqing University,2014(in Chinese).
[43]Zhang X,Gui Y,Dai Z.A simulation of Pd-doped SWCNTs used to detect SF6,decomposition components under partial discharge[J].Applied Surface Science,2014,315(10):196-202.
[44]Zhang X,Zhang J,Tang J,et al.Gas-sensing simulation of single-walled carbon nanotubes applied to detect gas decomposition products of SF6[J].Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience,2012,9(8):1096-1100.
[45]Piao L,Liu Q,Li Y,et al.Adsorption of L-phenylalanine on single-walled carbon nanotubes[J].The Journal of Physical Chemistry C,2008,112(8):2857-2863.
[46]Che?mecka E,Pasterny K,Kupka T,et al.Density functional theory studies of OH-modified open-ended single-wall zigzag carbon nanotubes(SWCNTs)[J].Journal of Molecular Structure:THEOCHEM,2010,948(1):93-98.
[47]张晓星,代自强,孟凡生,等.羧基碳纳米管吸附SF6放电分解组分的仿真计算[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(31):85-91.Zhang Xiaoxing,Dai Ziqiang,Meng Fansheng,et al.DFT calculations on the adsorption of components of SF6decomposed under partial discharge onto carboxyl carbon nanotubes[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(31):85-91(in Chinese).
[48]Zhang X,Meng F,Yang B.Use of hydroxyl-modified carbon nanotubes for detecting SF6 decomposition products under partial discharge in gas insulated switchgear[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2013,20(6):2246-2253.
[49]Yoosefian M,Zahedi M,Mola A,et al.A DFT comparative study of single and double SO2 adsorption on Pt-doped and Au-doped single-walled carbon nanotube[J].Applied Surface Science,2015,349:864-869.
[50]Mubeen S,Zhang T,Chartuprayoon N,et al.Sensitive detection of H2S using gold nanoparticle decorated single-walled carbon nanotubes[J].Analytical Chemistry,2010,82(1):250-7.
[51]Zhou X,Tian W Q,Wang X L.Adsorption sensitivity of Pd-doped SWCNTs to small gas molecules[J].Sensors and Actuators B:Chemical,2010,151(1):56-64.
[52]Seenithurai S,Pandyan R K,Kumar S V,et al.H2adsorption in Ni and passivated Ni doped 4?single walled carbon nanotube[J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2013,38(18):7376-7381.
[53]Nakano H,Ohta H,Yokoe A,et al.First-principle molecular-dynamics study of hydrogen adsorption on an aluminum-doped carbon nanotube[J].Journal of Power Sources,2006,163(1):125-134.
[54]Challet S,Aza?s P,Pellenq R J M,et al.D2 adsorption in potassium-doped single-wall carbon nanotubes:a neutron diffraction and isotherms study[J].Chemical Physics Letters,2003,377(5):544-550.
[55]王若曦,张冬菊,武剑,等.硼氮掺杂的碳纳米管对硫化氢气敏性能的理论研究[J].化学学报,2007,65(2):107-110.Wang Ruoxi,Zhang Dongju,Wu Jian,et al.Theoretical study on the sensing properties of the boron and nitrogen doped carbon nanotubes for hydrogen sulfide[J].Acta Chimica Sinica,2007,65(2):107-110(in Chinese).
[56]Hu X,Wu Y,Li H,et al.Adsorption and activation of O2on nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes[J].The Journal of Physical Chemistry C,2010,114(21):9603-9607.
[57]Li Y,Hodak M,Lu W,et al.Mechanisms of NH3,and NO2,detection in carbon-nanotube-based sensors:An ab initio,investigation[J].Carbon,2016,101:177-183.
[58]Zhang X X,Meng F S,Ren J B,et al.Simulation on the B-doped single-walled carbon nanotubes detecting the partial discharge of SF6[J].Gaodianya Jishu/High Voltage Engineering,2011,37(7):1689-1694.
[59]尚威,王文举,王嵩.Pt掺杂碳纳米管吸附气体小分子的DFT计算[J].化学学报,2010,68(23):2389-2394.Shang Wei,Wang Wenju,Wang Song.DFT calculations on the adsorption of small gas molecules onto Pt-doped carbon nanotubes[J].Acta Chimica Sinica,2010,68(23):2389-2394.
[60]Zhang X,Gui Y,Xiao H,et al.Analysis of adsorption properties of typical partial discharge gases on Ni-SWCNTs using density functional theory[J].Applied Surface Science,2016,379:47-54.
[61]Bak S M,Kim K H,Lee C W,et al.Mesoporous nickel/carbon nanotube hybrid material prepared by electroless deposition[J].Journal of Materials Chemistry,2011,21(6):1984-1990.
[62]张晓星,孟凡生,任江波,等.硼掺杂单壁碳纳米管检测SF6气体局部放电仿真[J].高电压技术,2011,37(7):1689-1694.Zhang Xiaoxing,Meng Fansheng,Ren Jiangbo,et al.Simulation on the B-doped single-walled carbon nanotubes detecting the partial discharge of SF6[J].High Voltage Engineering,2011,37(7):1689-1694(in Chinese).
[63]Li Y,Wang H,Chen Y,et al.A multi-walled carbon nanotube/palladium nanocomposite prepared by a facile method for the detection of methane at room temperature[J].Sensors and actuators B:Chemical,2008,132(1):155-158.
[64]张一茗,袁欢,穆产祺,等.高压SF6开关设备气体分解物浓度在线监测装置研制[J].高压电器,2016,52(12):134-139.Zhang Yiming,Yuan Huan,Mu Chanqi,et al.Development of on-line concentration monitoring device for SF6 decomposition product in high voltage SF6switchgear[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2016,52(12):134-139(in Chinese).
[65]Chopra S,Pham A,Gaillard J,et al.Carbon-nanotubebased resonant-circuit sensor for ammonia[J].Applied Physics Letters,2002,80(24):4632-4634.
[66]Zhang X,Wu X,Yu L,et al.Highly sensitive and selective polyaniline thin-film sensors for detecting SF6decomposition products at room temperature[J].Synthetic Metals,2015,200:74-79.
[67]Leghrib R,Pavelko R,Felten A,et al.Gas sensors based on multiwall carbon nanotubes decorated with tin oxide nanoclusters[J].Sensors and Actuators B:Chemical,2010,145(1):411-416.
[68]Ding W,Hayashi R,Ochi K,et al.Analysis of PDgenerated SF6 decomposition gases adsorbed on carbon nanotubes[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2006,13(6):1200-1207.
[69]Jung S,Choi J,Kim Y,et al.Single-walled carbon nanotube sensors for monitoring partial discharge induced dissociation of SF6[J].Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology,2009,9(12):7336-7339.
[70]Byl O,Liu J,Yates J T.Etching of carbon nanotubes by ozone a surface area study[J].Langmuir,2005,21(9):4200-4204.
[71]Sham M L,Kim J K.Surface functionalities of multi-wall carbon nanotubes after UV/Ozone and TETA treatments[J].Carbon,2006,44(4):768-777.
[72]杨冰.等离子体改性碳纳米管检测SF6放电分解组分的气敏特性研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2013.Yang Bing.Study on gas-sensing properties of plasma modified carbon nanotubes for detection of SF6 discharge decomposition components[D].Chongqing:Chongqing University,2013(in Chinese).
[73]Liu J,Rinzler A G,Dai H,et al.Fullerene pipes[J].Science,1998,280(5367):1253-1256.
[74]Toebes M L,van Heeswijk J M P,Bitter J H,et al.The influence of oxidation on the texture and the number of oxygen-containing surface groups of carbon nanofibers[J].Carbon,2004,42(2):307-315.
[75]Lu C,Chiu H.Chemical modification of multiwalled carbon nanotubes for sorption of Zn 2+from aqueous solution[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2008,139(3):462-468.
[76]Zhang X,Yang B,Liu W,et al.Detection of partial discharge in SF6 decomposition gas based on modified carbon nanotubes sensors[J].Procedia Engineering,2012,29:4107-4111.
[77]Zhang X,Yang B,Dai Z,et al.The gas response of hydroxyl modified SWCNTs and carboxyl modified SWCNTs to H2S and SO2[J].Przeglad Elektrotechniczny,2012,88(7B):311-314.
[78]苗智颖,陈念,邵学广,等.基于多壁碳纳米管-铂纳米颗粒纳米复合材料的乙醇生物传感器[J].传感技术学报,2017,30(1):16-19.Miao Zhiying,Chen Nian,Shao Xueguang,et al.Ethanol biosensor based on multi-walled carbon nanotubesplatinum nanoparticles nanocomposites[J].Chinese Journal of Sensors and Actuators,2017,30(1):16-19(in Chinese).
[79]Mubeen S,Zhang T,Chartuprayoon N,et al.Sensitive detection of H2S using gold nanoparticle decorated single-walled carbon nanotubes[J].Analytical Chemistry,2010,82(1):250-257.
[80]Zhang X,Feng B,Zhang J,et al.Gas sensing response of Ni Cl2-doped carbon nanotubes to decomposition products of SF6 gas due to partial discharge[J].Power System Technology,2011,35(10):189-193.
[81]戴洪法.碳纳米管基硫化氢气敏传感器的研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2011.Dai Hongfa.Study on carbon nanotube-based hydrogen sulfide gas sensor[D].Chongqing:Chongqing University,2011.
[82]房红琳.Sn O_2/MWCNTs纳米复合物的制备及其含硫化合物气敏性能研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2011.Fang Honglin.Preparation of Sn O_2/MWCNTs nanocomposites and gas sensing properties of sulfur compounds[D].Chongqing:Chongqing University,2011(in Chinese).
[83]张晓星,罗晨晨,唐炬.用于SO2气体检测的4A型分子筛掺杂碳纳米管气敏传感器研制[J].高电压技术,2015,41(1):146-151.Zhang Xiaoxing,Luo Chenchen,Tang Ju.Sensitive characteristics analysis on 4A molecular sieve doped carbon nanotube sensor for detecting SO2[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(1):146-151(in Chinese).
[84]徐晓刚,李鑫,张晓星,等.K型分子筛掺杂的MWNTs检测SF6放电分解组分的气敏特性分析[C]//2015年中国电机工程学会年会论文集.广东电网公司电力科学研究院&武汉大学&重庆大学,2015:1-6.Xu Xiaogang,Li Xin,Zhang Xiaoxing,et al.Gas sensing characteristics of sf6 discharge decomposition components in k type molecular sieve doped MWNTs[C]//2015 China Electrical Engineering Society Annual Conference Proceedings.Guangdong Power Grid Corporation Electric Power Science Research School&Wuhan University&Chongqing University,2015:1-6.
[85]Yan B,Qian K,Zhang Y,et al.Effects of argon plasma treating on surface morphology and gas ionization property of carbon nanotubes[J].Physica E:Lowdimensional Systems and Nanostructures,2005,28(1):88-92.
[86]Yu K,Zhu Z,Zhang Y,et al.Change of surface morphology and field emission property of carbon nanotube films treated using a hydrogen plasma[J].Applied Surface Science,2004,225(1-4):380-388.
[87]Ahn K S,Kim J S,Kim C O,et al.Non-reactive rf treatment of multiwall carbon nanotube with inert argon plasma for enhanced field emission[J].Carbon,2003,41(13):2481-2485.
[88]Zhang X,Yang B,Wang X,et al.Effect of plasma treatment on multi-walled carbon nanotubes for the detection of H2S and SO2[J].Sensors,2012,12(7):9375-9385.
[89]Modi A,Koratkar N,Lass E,et al.Miniaturized gas ionization sensors using carbon nanotubes[J].Cheminform,2003,34(40):171-174.
[90]Suehiro J,Zhou G,Hara M.Detection of partial discharge in SF6,gas using a carbon nanotube-based gas sensor[J].Sensors&Actuators B Chemical,2005,105(2):164-169.
[91]Semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes synthesized by S-doping[J].纳微快报(英文),2009(1):9-13.DOI:10.5101/nml.v1i1.p9-13.
[92]Qin L C,Iijima S.Structure and formation of raft-like bundles of single-walled helical carbon nanotubes produced by laser evaporation[J].Chemical Physics Letters,1997,269(1-2):65-71.