少量O_2对c-C_4F_8/N_2混合气体击穿与分解特性的影响
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摘要
c-C_4F_8由于具有良好的绝缘性能和较低的温室效应潜能(GWP)值而得到了替代气体领域的广泛关注,但目前O_2对c-C_4F_8击穿与分解特性的影响还鲜有研究。为此,通过试验比较了不同比例O_2下c-C_4F_8/N_2的工频击穿特性和自恢复特性,分析了电极析出物成分和气体分解产物成分并讨论了c-C_4F_8分解的途径和机理。结果表明:O_2会显著降低c-C_4F_8/N_2的工频击穿电压,含有体积分数3%的O_2混合气体自恢复特性大幅降低;含有O_2的c-C_4F_8/N_2击穿后会析出黑色物质,其组成元素主要为COF,为C的单质和C的氧氟化物;O_2对c-C_4F_8的分解有促进作用,除生成更多CF_4、C_2F_4等气体外,还额外产生大量有毒性和腐蚀性的COF_2。综合绝缘特性和分解特性,c-C_4F_8不宜与干燥空气混合使用,实际使用时应严格控制c-C_4F_8混合气体中的氧气含量。
Because of its good insulating properties and low GWP(greenhouse effect potential)value,c-C_4F_8 gas has attracted wide attention.However,the effects of O_2 on the breakdown and breakdown Characteristics of c-C_4F_8 have not been studied yet.Consequently,we compared the frequency breakdown characteristics and self-recovery characteristics of c-C_4F_8/N_2 under different proportions of O_2 by experiments.Moreover,we analyzed the composition of the precipitates and the composition of the gas decomposition products,and discussed the decomposition mechanism of c-C_4F_8 based on density functional theory.The results show that the frequency breakdown voltage of c-C_4F_8/N_2 will be significantly reduced when O_2 is added.Compared with the c-C_4F_8/N_2 in the absence of O_2,the self recovery characteristics of mixed gas containing 3%O_(2 )is greatly reduced.After the breakdown of c-C_4F_8/N_2 mixed gas containing O_2,the surface of the electrode precipitates a black powdery substance whose main component is COF.The black powder consists of the elemental C and the oxygen fluoride of C.Meanwhile,O_2 can contribute to the decomposition of c-C_4F_8,decomposing c-C_4F_8 into more CF_4 and C_2F_4 etc.,additionally producing a large number of toxic and corrosive COF_2 gas.Considering insulation characteristics and decomposition characteristics,c-C_4F_8 should not be mixed with dry air and the oxygen content in c-C_4F_8 mixture should be strictly controlled in the actual use.
Because of its good insulating properties and low GWP(greenhouse effect potential)value,c-C_4F_8 gas has attracted wide attention.However,the effects of O_2 on the breakdown and breakdown Characteristics of c-C_4F_8 have not been studied yet.Consequently,we compared the frequency breakdown characteristics and self-recovery characteristics of c-C_4F_8/N_2 under different proportions of O_2 by experiments.Moreover,we analyzed the composition of the precipitates and the composition of the gas decomposition products,and discussed the decomposition mechanism of c-C_4F_8 based on density functional theory.The results show that the frequency breakdown voltage of c-C_4F_8/N_2 will be significantly reduced when O_2 is added.Compared with the c-C_4F_8/N_2 in the absence of O_2,the self recovery characteristics of mixed gas containing 3%O_(2 )is greatly reduced.After the breakdown of c-C_4F_8/N_2 mixed gas containing O_2,the surface of the electrode precipitates a black powdery substance whose main component is COF.The black powder consists of the elemental C and the oxygen fluoride of C.Meanwhile,O_2 can contribute to the decomposition of c-C_4F_8,decomposing c-C_4F_8 into more CF_4 and C_2F_4 etc.,additionally producing a large number of toxic and corrosive COF_2 gas.Considering insulation characteristics and decomposition characteristics,c-C_4F_8 should not be mixed with dry air and the oxygen content in c-C_4F_8 mixture should be strictly controlled in the actual use.
引文
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[16]YAMAMOTO O,TAKUMA T,HAMADA S,et al.Applying a gasmixtures containing c-C4F8 as an insulation medium[J]. IEEE Transac-tions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2001, 8(6):1075-1081.
[17]ZHANG X X, TIAN S S, XIAO S, et al. Experimental studies on thepower-frequencybreakdownvoltageofCF3I/N2/CO2gasmixture[J].Journal of Applied Physics, 2017, 121:103303.
[18]NAVARRINI W, VENTURINI F, TORTELLI V, et al. Direct fluorina-tionofcarbonmonoxideinmicroreactors[J].JournalofFluorineChemistry, 2012, 142(28):19-23.
[19]PERDEW J P, WANG Y. Accurate and simple analytic representationoftheelectron-gascorrelationenergy[J].PhysicalReviewB:Con-densed Matter, 1992, 45(23):13244.
[20]XIAO S, LI Y, ZHANG X, et al. Formation mechanism of CF3I dis-charge components and effect of oxygen on decomposition[J]. Journalof Physics D:Applied Physics, 2017, 50(15):155601.
[2]张晓星,周君杰,唐炬,等.CF3I/CO2与CF3I/N2两种混合气体局部放电绝缘特性的试验研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(12):1948-1956.ZHANG Xiaoxing, ZHOU Junjie, TANG Ju, et al. Experimental re-search on the partial discharge insulation properties of CF3I/CO2 andCF3I/N2gasmixtures[J].ProceedingsoftheCSEE,2014,34(12):1948-1956.
[3]ZHANG X, XIAO S, HAN Y, et al. Experimental studies on powerfrequencybreakdownvoltageofCF3I/N2mixedgasunderdifferentelectric fields[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 2016, 108(9):495202.
[4]STOLLER P C, SEEGER M, IORDANIDIS A A, et al. CO2 as an arcinterruption medium in gas circuit breakers[J]. IEEE Transactions onPlasma Science, 2013, 41(8):2359-2369.
[5]AANENSEN N S, JONSSON E, RUNDE M. Air-flow investigationforamedium-voltageloadbreakswitch[J].IEEETransactionsonPower Delivery, 2015, 30(1):299-306.
[6]贾申利,赵虎,李兴文,等.SF6替代气体灭弧性能的研究进展综述[J].高压电器,2011,47(11):87-91,7.JIA Shenli, ZHAO Hu, LI Xingwen, et al. Survey of recent researcheson the arc quenching characteristics of SF6 substitute gases[J]. HighVoltage Apparatus, 2011, 47(11):87-91, 7.
[7]肖登明,焦俊韬,YAN Jiudun.环保型绝缘气体的灭弧能力分析[J].高电压技术,2016,42(6):1681-1687.XIAO Dengming, JIAO Juntao, YAN Jiudun. Arc quenching charac-teristicsanalysisofenvironmental-friendlyinsulationgases[J].HighVoltage Engineering, 2016, 42(6):1681-1687.
[8]肖登明.环保型绝缘气体的发展前景[J].高电压技术,2016,42(4):1035-1046.XIAODengming.Developmentprospectofgasinsulationbasedonenvironmentalprotection[J].HighVoltageEngineering,2016,42(4):1035-1046.
[9]李康.c-C4F8混合气体替代SF6气体用于电力设备的应用基础研究[D].北京:中国科学院,2012.LI Kang. Study on c-C4F8 gas mixtures substituting SF6 applied inelec-tricalapparatus[D].Beijing,China:ChineseAcademyofSciences,2012.
[10]ZHAOXL,JIAOJT,LIB,etal.Theelectronegativityanalysisofc-C4F8 as a potential insulation substitute of SF6 supported by Na-tional Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51337006)[J]. PlasmaScience and Technology, 2016, 18(3):292.
[11]MALIK N H, QURESHIA H. A review ofelectrical breakdown inmixturesofSF6and othergases[J]. IEEETransactionsonElectricalInsulation, 1979, 14(1):1-13.
[12]邢卫军,张国强,李康,等. c-C4F8/N2混合气体局部放电特性实验研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2011,31(7):119-124.XING Weijun, ZHANG Guoqiang, LI Kang, et al. Experimental studyof partial discharge characteristics of c-C4F8/N2 mixtures[J]. Proceed-ings of the CSEE, 2011, 31(7):119-124.
[13]李康,张国强,邢卫军,等. c-C4F8及其与N2混合绝缘气体在典型故障时分解生成物的试验分析[J].高电压技术,2012,38(4):985-992.LI Kang, ZHANG Guoqiang, XING Weijun, et al. Experiment analysisof decomposition products in typical fault of c-C4F8 gas and insulatinggasmixturecontainingc-C4F8andN2[J].HighVoltageEngineering,2012, 38(4):985-992.
[14]ZHANG L C, XIAO D M, ZHANG D, et al. D-STATCOM principlesimulation and experiment research on a proposed compound controlstrategy[J]. WSEAS Transactions on Systems, 2006, 5(3):490-495.
[15]满林坤,邓云坤,肖登明. c-C4F8/N2与c-C4F8/CO2混合气体的绝缘性能[J].高电压技术,2017,43(3):788-794.MAN Linkun, DENG Yunkun, XIAO Dengming. Insulating propertiesof c-C4F8/N2 and c-C4F8/CO2 mixtures[J]. High Voltage Engineering,2017, 43(3):788-794.
[16]YAMAMOTO O,TAKUMA T,HAMADA S,et al.Applying a gasmixtures containing c-C4F8 as an insulation medium[J]. IEEE Transac-tions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2001, 8(6):1075-1081.
[17]ZHANG X X, TIAN S S, XIAO S, et al. Experimental studies on thepower-frequencybreakdownvoltageofCF3I/N2/CO2gasmixture[J].Journal of Applied Physics, 2017, 121:103303.
[18]NAVARRINI W, VENTURINI F, TORTELLI V, et al. Direct fluorina-tionofcarbonmonoxideinmicroreactors[J].JournalofFluorineChemistry, 2012, 142(28):19-23.
[19]PERDEW J P, WANG Y. Accurate and simple analytic representationoftheelectron-gascorrelationenergy[J].PhysicalReviewB:Con-densed Matter, 1992, 45(23):13244.
[20]XIAO S, LI Y, ZHANG X, et al. Formation mechanism of CF3I dis-charge components and effect of oxygen on decomposition[J]. Journalof Physics D:Applied Physics, 2017, 50(15):155601.