斜槽式超声变幅杆纵扭特性研究
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摘要
利用斜槽式结构进行模式转换能有效实现纵扭复合,其局限在于设计不合理会导致纵扭转换效率低下。通过分析纵波斜入射固-气界面的反射和折射特性,仿真不同斜槽结构下的变幅杆在其谐振状态下的纵扭转换效率,探究了斜槽的角度、宽度、个数、深度、长度等因素对纵扭模式转换效率的影响。仿真结果表明:存在最佳的斜槽角度和斜槽宽度,使得纵扭转换效率最大;斜槽个数的增加能明显提升纵扭转换效率,且最佳斜槽宽度随斜槽个数增大而减小;斜槽深度和斜槽长度越大,纵扭转换效率越大,但达到一定长度值时趋于稳定。进而,通过对优化设计后的斜槽式变幅杆进行试验测试,验证了该研究的有效性,试验条件下获得的纵振和扭转幅值分别为9.5μm和29μm。
Ultrasonic horn with slanting slots can convert its motion mode from longitudinal vibration to torsional vibration, however, the conversion efficiency depends on the structure design. In order to improve the conversion efficiency, the reflection factors of longitudinal wave and transverse wave were derived under different incident angles and the effects of structural parameters of slanting slots on the conversion efficiency were analyzed by using the finite element method. The analysis results show that there are an optimum angle and width of the slanting slots to get the biggest conversion efficiency, the optimum value of the slanting slots' width decreases with the increasing of the number of the slanting slots, the conversion efficiency increases with the increasing of the depth or length of the slanting slots but gets steady when the length reaches a certain value. At last, an optimized ultrasonic horn with slanting slots was designed to validate the effectiveness of the simulation results.The measured longitudinal amplitude and torsional amplitude of the ultrasonic horn are 9.5 μm and 29 μm respectively.
Ultrasonic horn with slanting slots can convert its motion mode from longitudinal vibration to torsional vibration, however, the conversion efficiency depends on the structure design. In order to improve the conversion efficiency, the reflection factors of longitudinal wave and transverse wave were derived under different incident angles and the effects of structural parameters of slanting slots on the conversion efficiency were analyzed by using the finite element method. The analysis results show that there are an optimum angle and width of the slanting slots to get the biggest conversion efficiency, the optimum value of the slanting slots' width decreases with the increasing of the number of the slanting slots, the conversion efficiency increases with the increasing of the depth or length of the slanting slots but gets steady when the length reaches a certain value. At last, an optimized ultrasonic horn with slanting slots was designed to validate the effectiveness of the simulation results.The measured longitudinal amplitude and torsional amplitude of the ultrasonic horn are 9.5 μm and 29 μm respectively.
引文
[ 1 ] 郑书友,冯平法,徐西鹏.旋转超声加工技术研究进展[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2009(11):1799-1804.ZHENG Shuyou,FENG Pingfa,XU Xipeng.Development trends of rotary ultrasonic machining technology[J].Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology),2009(11):1799-1804.
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[ 8 ] LIU Chuangshao,WU Haoqiong,LUO Aomei.Design of longitudinal-torsional vibration stepped horn with multiple diagonal slits[J].Applied Mechanics and Materials,2013,312:51-54.
[ 9 ] 刘武,陈涛,刘树良.斜槽式纵扭超声振动系统的设计与分析[J].机械制造,2016,54(9):15-17.LIU Wu,CHEN Tao,LIU Shuliang.Design and analysis of longitudinal-torsional vibration system with slanting slots[J].Machinery,2016,54(9):15-17.
[10] 袁松梅,刘明.纵-扭复合超声振动加工系统设计及频率简并研究[J].振动与冲击,2016,35(5):8-13.YUAN Songmei,LIU Ming.Design of a longitudinal-torsional composite ultrasonic vibration machining system and its natural frequencies merging[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2016,35(5):8-13.
[11] 陈建毅,林星陵.双斜槽式纵扭转换型超声波电机的实验研究[J].压电与声光,2016,38(3):497-500.CHEN Jianyi,LIN Xingling.Experimental study on the ultrasonic motor using a longitudinal-torsional vibration converter with multiple diagonal slits[J].Piezoelectrics & Acoustooptics,2016,38(3):497-500.
[12] TSUJINO J,UEOKA T,OTODA K,et al.One-dimensional longitudinal-torsional vibration converter with multiple diagonally slitted parts[J].Ultrasonics,2000,38(1):72-76.
[13] AL-BUDAIRI H,HARKNESS P,LUCAS M.A strategy for delivering high torsionality in longitudinal-torsional ultrasonic devices[J].Applied Mechanics and Materials,2011,70:339-344.
[14] ROSE J L.Ultrasonic guided waves in solid media [M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2014.
[ 2 ] CARDONI A,HARKNESS P,LUCAS M.Ultrasonic rock sampling using longitudinal-torsional vibrations[J].Physics Procedia,2010,3(1):125-134.
[ 3 ] XIANG Daohui,YANG Guangbin,LIANG Song,et al.Study on milling force of high volume fraction SiCp/Al composites with ultrasonic longitudinal and torsional vibration high speed milling[J].Advanced Materials Research,2014,910:114-117.
[ 4 ] ASAMI T,MIURA H.Study of ultrasonic machining by longitudinal-torsional vibration for processing brittle materials-observation of machining marks[J].Physics Procedia,2015,70:118-121.
[ 5 ] 林书玉.斜槽式纵-扭复合模式压电超声换能器的研究[J].声学学报,1999(1):59-65.LIN Shuyu.Study on the longitudinal-torsional composite transducer with slanting slots[J].Acta Acustica,1999 (1):59-65.
[ 6 ] 皮钧.圆环斜槽传振杆的纵扭振动转换[J].机械工程学报,2008,44(5):242-248.PI Jun.Longitudinal-torsional vibration converter of cylinder with multiple diagonal slits[J].Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2008,44(5):242-248.
[ 7 ] ASAMI T,MIURA H.Vibrator development for hole machining by ultrasonic longitudinal and torsional vibration[J].Japanese Journal of Applied Physics,2011,50(7):07HE31.
[ 8 ] LIU Chuangshao,WU Haoqiong,LUO Aomei.Design of longitudinal-torsional vibration stepped horn with multiple diagonal slits[J].Applied Mechanics and Materials,2013,312:51-54.
[ 9 ] 刘武,陈涛,刘树良.斜槽式纵扭超声振动系统的设计与分析[J].机械制造,2016,54(9):15-17.LIU Wu,CHEN Tao,LIU Shuliang.Design and analysis of longitudinal-torsional vibration system with slanting slots[J].Machinery,2016,54(9):15-17.
[10] 袁松梅,刘明.纵-扭复合超声振动加工系统设计及频率简并研究[J].振动与冲击,2016,35(5):8-13.YUAN Songmei,LIU Ming.Design of a longitudinal-torsional composite ultrasonic vibration machining system and its natural frequencies merging[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2016,35(5):8-13.
[11] 陈建毅,林星陵.双斜槽式纵扭转换型超声波电机的实验研究[J].压电与声光,2016,38(3):497-500.CHEN Jianyi,LIN Xingling.Experimental study on the ultrasonic motor using a longitudinal-torsional vibration converter with multiple diagonal slits[J].Piezoelectrics & Acoustooptics,2016,38(3):497-500.
[12] TSUJINO J,UEOKA T,OTODA K,et al.One-dimensional longitudinal-torsional vibration converter with multiple diagonally slitted parts[J].Ultrasonics,2000,38(1):72-76.
[13] AL-BUDAIRI H,HARKNESS P,LUCAS M.A strategy for delivering high torsionality in longitudinal-torsional ultrasonic devices[J].Applied Mechanics and Materials,2011,70:339-344.
[14] ROSE J L.Ultrasonic guided waves in solid media [M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2014.